scriptions and figures, none of these can be referable to Charopa as now understood, and they can only be considered as very doubtful constituents of the Norfolk Island fauna. VI. Review and Conclusions. The conclusions to be drawn from these digests can now be summarized, and strongly indicate the different origin of the land molluscan faunas of the two groups. Whereas the Kermadec series alone did not tell much, when contrasted with the Norfolk Island collection quite a deal can be determined. The apparent source of the Kermadec molluscs is Polynesia, the Neozelanic element being quite probably also of that origin, having arrived from the north. It might here be observed that, whilst the Endodontidae have been sometimes claimed as an Antarctic group, equally strong claims have been made for their northern origin. Two masters in the science of drawing deductions from observations made on the distribution of land molluscs have differed on this point. I would suggest that correlation might be brought about were restricted groups utilized. As far as my own observations have yet proceeded, I find groups giving an Antarctic range, whilst other groups as surely show a northern origin. Thus in the Kermadecs the “Thaumatodon” group emphasizes a northern source, whilst just as surely the “Discocharopa” group suggests a southern origin. I hope to deal with such questions in more detail later, giving facts in support of these suggestions. The most casual examination of the Norfolk Island land Mollusca prohibits any idea of the attachment of this fauna to that of New Zealand. The preponderance of Zonitoids and the scarcity of “Endodonts” are equally assertive, whilst the nature of the Zonitoids suggests at once Fiji as a source of supply. The lack of Placostylus is somewhat extraordinary, whilst, though no species on the Fijian Group recalls Advena, it must be remembered that the Fijian Group has also suffered such vicissitudes as would easily account for the extinction of its relations, if any ever existed there. The presence of a subfossil inseparable in shell characters from the Fijian genus Fretum is noteworthy, especially as there appears little doubt that Belloconcha is a closely allied genus. This genus would seem to have been the predominant Norfolk Island mollusc, though now Fanulum appears to have taken this place. The extraordinary Roybellia, I have suggested, may be allied to Fanulum. The exact relationships of the other Zonitoids is difficult to suggest, as so little is known of the Polynesian” minutiae. The Microcystine genera Greenwoodoconcha and Allenoconcha are certainly closely allied to “Microcystis” and the varied Polynesian shells commonly known under that genus-name. The Omphalotropis, Palaina, and Nesopupa are very closely allied to Fijian and other Polynesian species. Indeed, I suggest that longer series from other localities would cause their degradation to the rank of subspecies only. Though Norfolk Island is situated somewhat midway between New Caledonia and New Zealand, and in recent charts soundings show the presence of a submerged ridge connecting the three, the land molluscs prohibit any direct connection between the three, whilst they just as surely point to a junction in some way or other with the Fijian Group. I make this reservation as, though Placostylus has reached that group, it has not been found Recent or fossil on Norfolk Island. Though I have not introduced any mention of the Lord Howe Island land Mollusca, I would simply note that Hedley pointed out these were