miocene papa; some parts are fossiliferous and others are not. Attempts at further dividing this type were not successful, so more samples are being obtained which may make the matter clearer. Although lacking uniformity, samples from this area, when compared with those from the limestone and greywacke areas, show a definitely lower iódine content and an increased weight. There is, however, no instance of gross enlargement or acute iodine deficiency in any of these samples. (d) Alluvium: High incidence of goitre associated with alluvial soils in New Zealand has been demonstrated by both Hercus, Benson, and Carter (1925) and Shore and Andrew (1929). The same phenomenon has been observed in Switzerland and in North America, in the region of the St. Lawrence and the Great Lakes (Orr and Leitch, 1929). Although the application of fertilizers, which have been shown by Hercus and others (1931) to increase the iodine content of the pastures, has been more extensive on the alluvial plains than on limestone, greywacke, and papa hills, yet the thyroid glands from the plains are low in iodine and high in weight. In some cases the percentage iodine is less than 0.03 (fresh), the level below which normal functioning of the gland is considered by Marine and Lenhart (1901) to be impossible. The samples with the smallest iodine content and the greatest weight come from the lower part of the valley near the mouth of the Ruamahunga River. Shore and Andrew (1929) showed that the iodine content of the soil exhibited a marked decrease on proceeding down the valley towards the sea. Apparently in both these river basins, which are subject to flooding, the soil has been more thoroughly leached of iodine in the lower part of the valley. The samples in the alluvial group show a lower iodine content and a higher weight and moisture percentage than those in any other group. Not even the glands of lowest iodine content, however, show any gross enlargement. (e) Swamp: In swamps there is a large accumulation of organic matter, and this type of soil has been shown by Shore and Andrew (1929) to be particularly high in iodine. The glands from swampy areas are therefore considered separately from those of the alluvial plains on which these swamps occur. The glands show a higher iodine content and a lower weight than those of any of the preceding groups. Relationships among the Changes in the Gland: Taking the average figures of the groups considered, it is seen that a decrease in the total and relative amounts of iodine in the gland is accompanied by an increase in the fresh weight, the dry weight, and the percentage moisture.