
Appendix B.
Notes on grasses indigenous to the Province of Canterbury. By J. F. and J. B. Armstrong.
1. Microlœna avenacea, Br.—A large coarse grass, common in woods and warm gullies, not hardy in the Government Domain; eaten by cattle; of no use to the farmer. Flowers in December.
2. Alopecurus geniculatus, L.—The common fox-tail grass; found in various swampy localities, also found in Europe and America; of no use to the cultivator. Flowers in December, January, and February.
3. Hierochloe redolens, Br.—Karetu, swamp grass; abundant in swamps and wet places; eaten by stock, but far too coarse for general cultivation. November and December.
4. Hierochloe alpina, R. and S.—Somewhat like H. redolens, but smaller, and a much superior grass; it is alpine and not common.
5. Spinifex hirsutus, Lab.—A curious grass, of no agricultural importance; the burr grass of the settlers.
6. Panicum imbecille, Trin.—This is said to be found in the province, but we have never observed it; it is probably worthless.

7. Zoysia pungens, Willd.—A small matted grass; growing on sand-hills in the neighbourhood of the sea; would be useful for fixing loose sand. Flowers in November.
8. Echinopogon ovatus, Pal.—A tall slender grass of no agricultural importance; common in woods on Banks Peninsula. Flowers in November.
9. Dichelachne crinita, Hook. f.—A valuable grass, much eaten by horses, cattle, and sheep, forming good pasture and producing abundance of food. Flowers in December.
10. Apera arundinacea Hook. f.—A tall, reed-like, very beautiful grass; its agricultural qualities are quite unknown; found by the Hon. J. Hall on an island in the Rakaia.
11. Agrostis œmula.
12. " pilosa.
13. " canina.
14. " avenoides.
Are abundantly distributed on the plains and on the Alps; they are much alike in character, being valuable cattle and sheep grasses.
15. Agrostis Billardieri, Br.—A dwarf broad-leaved grass, found on sandhills and rocks near the sea; much eaten by cattle and horses. Flowers in December.
16. Agrostis setifolia, Hook. f.—A very small tufted species, found on the Alps; value unknown; produce small.
17. Agrostis parviflora, Br.
18. " quadriseta.
Are both common on the Alps and some parts of the plains, and are of little value.
19. Agrostis Youngii, Hook. f.—Found on the Alps by Dr. Haast; somewhat like A. avenoides, and probably similar in quality.
20. Arundo conspicua, Forst.—A very beautiful species; it is the largest New Zealand grass, and is grown in British gardens for ornamental purposes.
21. Danthonia Cunninghamii, Hook. f.
22. " flavescens, Hook. f.
23. " Raoulii, Steud.
These are large coarse grasses, called snow-grasses. They are eaten by horses, and are used for thatching.
24. Danthonia semi-annularis, Br.—Common throughout the province, and so closely cropped by cattle and horses that we had considerable difficulty in obtaining specimens.
25. Deschampsia cœspitosa, Pal.—A tall grass, very common on the banks of the Avon below Christchurch; of no value. Flowers in December and January.

26. Kœleria cristata, Pers.—A beautiful grass, common on the plains and Malvern Hills; one of our best pasture grasses, eaten by sheep, cattle, and horses.
27. Trisetum antarcticum, Trin.—A first-rate grass, slender, tufted, and very beautiful; Banks Peninsula; not common. Flowers in November and December.
28. Trisetum subspicatum, Pal.—A small alpine grass, rare in Canterbury, but more common in Otago; eaten by sheep and cattle; found in all quarters of the globe.
29. Trisetum Youngii, Hook. f.—A tall slender grass, found by Dr. Haast in the Macaulay Valley; probably good.
30. Glyceria stricta, Hook. f.—Common near the Sumner estuary; perhaps a good spring grass. The British G. fluitans is abundant in the Avon, and is perhaps indigenous. It is an excellent grass for cattle and aquatic birds.
31. Poa imbecilla, Forst.—Common in the open bush on Banks Peninsula, where it forms a dense green sward, producing a large quantity of good herbage, eaten by cattle and sheep.
32. Poa breviglumis, Hook. f.—A small tufted grass, producing a large quantity of food; common in several places near Christchurch. Flowers in November and December.
33. Poa foliosa, Hook. f.
34. Poa australis, Br., var. lœvis.
These two species are common in the Alps and low hills. They are both tufted, and are very good pasture grasses.
35. Poa anceps, Forst.—This is the common tussock-grass of the Plains and Port Hills.
36. Poa Colensoi, Hook. f.
37. " Lindsayi, Hook. f.
Are alpine pasture grasses, of considerable merit for sheep feeding.
38. Festuca duriuscula, Linn.—The hard fescue; a small and valuable grass found all over the world in alpine pastures. November and December.
39. Triticum multiflorum, Banks and Sol.—A tall coarse-looking perennial grass, very nearly allied to, if not the same as, the British T. repens, L.; it is of no agricultural value, and is common everywhere. Flowers in December.
40. Triticum scabrum, Br.—The blue-grass of settlers; a valuable grass found in many countries; in Canterbury it grows at an elevation of five to six thousand feet, and is certainly one of the best native grasses.
41. Triticum Youngii, Hook. f.—This was found by Dr. Haast, and is described as a remarkable species, with few spikelets and very long rigid awns; if it is perennial it will probably prove a useful cattle grass.

42. Gymnostichum gracile, Hook. f.—This was found by Raoul at Akaroa; it is described as a curious grass, three or four feet high, growing in woods; probably of no value for feeding purposes.
