Volume 7, 1874

Contents.
Transactions.
I.—Miscellaneous.
| Pages | ||
| Art. I. | The Mythology and Traditions of the Maori in New Zealand. By the Rev. J. F. H. Wohlers, of Ruapuke, Southland | 3–53 |
| II. | Researches and Excavations carried on in and near the Moa-bone Point Cave, Sumner Road, in the year 1872. By Julius Haast, Ph.D., F.R.S., President | 54–85 |
| III. | Notes on an ancient Native Burial Place near the Moa-bone Point, Sumner. By Julius Haast, Ph.D., F.R.S., Director of the Canterbury Museum | 86–91 |
| IV. | Notes on the Moa-hunter Encampment at Shag Point, Otago. By Julius Haast, Ph.D., F.R.S., etc. | 91–98 |
| V. | On the Identity of the Moa-hunters with the present Maori Race. By Alexander McKay, of the Geological Survey Department | 98–105 |
| VI. | On the Hot Winds of Canterbury. By Alexander McKay | 105–107 |
| VII. | Observations regarding the Hot Winds of Canterbury and Hawke Bay. By T. H. Cockburn-Hood, F.G.S. | 107–112 |
| VIII. | Notes upon the probable Changes that have taken place in the Physical Geography of New Zealand since the arrival of the Maori. By T. H. Cockburn-Hood, F.G.S. | 112–120 |
| IX. | Notes on Maori Traditions of the Moa. By J. W. Hamilton | 121–122 |
| X. | Description of the Moa Swamp at Hamilton. By B. S. Booth. Communicated by Captain Hutton. | 123–138 |
| XI. | Notice of the Earnscleugh Cave. By Captain F. W. Hutton, F.G.S. With Remarks on some of the more remarkable Moa Remains found in it. By Professor Millen Coughtrey, M.D. | 138–144 |
| XII. | On the Discovery of a cut Stump of a Tree, giving Evidence of the Existence of Man in New Zealand at or before the Volcanic Era. By John Goodall | 144–146 |
| XIII. | Description of a Wreck found at the Haast River. From a Report to his Honour J. A. Bonar, Superintendent. By Thomas Turnbull, Chief Harbour-master of Westland. Communicated by W. T. L. Travers, F.L.S. | 146–148 |
| XIV. | Notes on the reported Collision of Biela's Comet with the Earth's Atmosphere. By Henry Skey | 148–149 |
| XV. | On the Zodiacal Light, as seen in Southern Latitudes. By Henry Skey | 150–152 |
| XVI. | On a new Thermometer for Lecture Purposes. By A. W. Bickerton, F.C.S., Professor of Chemistry in Canterbury College | 152–154 |
| XVII. | A Scheme of University and General Education. By A. W. Bickerton, F.C.S., Associate Royal School of Mines and Professor of Chemistry in Canterbury College | 154–164 |
| XVIII. | On University Education. By the Rev. C. Frazer, M.A. | 164–167 |
– vi –

| pages | ||
| XIX. | The Claims of Science in National Education. By Josiah Martin | 168–175 |
| XX. | On Early Instruction. By J. Adams, B.A. | 175–180 |
| XXI. | On Forest Culture. By J. C. Firth | 181–195 |
II.—-Zoology.
| XXII. | On the Ornithology of New Zealand. By Walter L. Buller, D.Sc., F.L.S., F.G.S., F.R.G.S. | 197–211 |
| XXIII. | Notes on certain disputed Species of New Zealand Birds. By Walter L. Buller, D.Sc., C.M.Z.S. | 211–212 |
| XXIV. | On the Existence of two Species of Hieracidea in New Zealand. By Walter L. Buller | 213–214 |
| XXV. | Notes on an alleged new Species of Tern (Sterna alba, Potts). By Walter L. Buller | 214–215 |
| XXVI. | Description of a new Species of Petrel (Procellaria affinis). By Walter L. Buller | 215–216 |
| XXVII. | On the Occurrence of Plotus novœ-hollandiœ in New Zealand. By Walter L. Buller | 217–218 |
| XXVIII. | Notice of a new Species of Parrakeet in New Zealand. By Walter L. Buller | 219–220 |
| XXIX. | On the Genus Himantopus in New Zealand. By Walter L. Buller | 220–224 |
| XXX. | On some Additions to the Collection of Birds in the Colonial Museum. By Walter L. Buller | 224–225 |
| XXXI. | Preliminary Remarks on some New Zealand Birds. By Otto Finsch, Ph.D., of Bremen, Hon.Mem.N.Z.I., C.M.Z.S., Hon. Mem. Brit. Orn. Union, etc. | 226–236 |
| XXXII. | On the Occurrence of Lamna cornubica, Porbeagle Shark, Flem., the Mako of the Maoris, in New Zealand. By Julius Haast, Ph.D., F.R.S., Director of the Canterbury Museum | 237–238 |
| XXXIII. | On the Occurrence of Leptocephalus longirostris, Kaup, on the Coast of New Zealand. By Julius Haast | 238 |
| XXXIV. | Notes on New Zealand Ichthyology. By James Hector, M.D., F.R.S., Director of the Geological Survey of New Zealand | 239–250 |
| XXXV. | Notes on New Zealand Whales. By James Hector | 251–265 |
| XXXVI. | Description of some Plates of Baleen in the Otago Museum. By Captain F. W. Hutton, C.M.Z.S. | 266 |
| XXXVII. | Description of some Moa Remains from the Knobby Ranges. By Captain F. W. Hutton, F.G.S.; with anatomical Notes, by Millen Coughtrey, M.D. | 266–273 |
| XXXVIII. | On the Dimensions of Dinornis Bones. By Captain F. W. Hutton | 274–278 |
| XXXIX. | Description of two new Species of Aplysia. By Captain F. W. Hutton | 279 |
| XL. | Description of two new Species of Crustacea from New Zealand. By Captain F. W. Hutton | 279–280 |
| XLI. | Description of a new Species of Actinia. By Professor M. Coughtrey, M.D. | 280 |
| XLII. | Notes on the New Zealand Hydroideæ. By Millen Coughtrey | 281–293 |
| XLIII. | Description of a new Crustacean, Phronima novœ-zealandiœ. By Ll. Powell, M.D. | 294–295 |
| XLIV. | On the Disappearance of the larger kinds of Lizard from North Canterbury. By the Rev. J. W. Stack | 295–297 |
| XLV. | On the Geodephagous Coleoptera of New Zealand. By H. W. Bates, F.L.S. | 297–314 |
| XLVI. | On the Longicorn Coleoptera of New Zealand. By H. W. Bates | 315–332 |
– vii –

III.—Botany.
| Pages | ||
| XLVII. | On the flowering Plants and Ferns of the Chatham Islands. By John Buchanan, of the Geological Survey Department | 333–341 |
| XLVIII. | Observations on the different Modifications in the Capsules of Mosses, with reference to the Dispersion of their Spores. By Captain F. W. Hutton, C.M.Z.S., etc. | 342–347 |
| XLIX. | Description of a new Species of Senecio. By Thomas F. Cheeseman, F.L.S. | 348 |
| L. | On the Fertilization of Acianthus and Cyrtostilis. By Thomas F. Cheeseman | 349–352 |
| LI. | On Pterostylis squamata in New Zealand. By Thomas F. Cheeseman | 352–353 |
| LII. | A Description of some new Species of Gymnostomum. By Charles Knight, F.R.C.S., F.L.S. | 354–355 |
| LIII. | Description of some New Zealand Lichens. By Charles Knight | 356–367 |
| LIV. | Description of a new Lichen (Stereocaulon buchanani). By James Stirton, M. D. Communicated by John Buchanan | 367–368 |
| Notes on Stereocaulon buchanani, Stirton. By Charles Knight, F.R.C.S., F.L.S. | 368–369 | |
| LV. | On the Occurrence of Hœmatococcus sanguineus on the Wool of a Dead Sheep. By Swen Berggren, Ph.D., Lund University, Communicated by Julius Haast, Ph.D., F.R.S. | 369–370 |
| LVI. | On some of the Naturalized Plants of Otago. By G. M. Thomson | 370–376 |
| LVII. | On Mottled Kauri. By James Stewart, C.E. | 376–377 |
| LVIII. | Description of a new Species of Isoëtes. By T. Kirk, F.L.S | 377 |
| LIX. | On the Occurrence of Juncus lamprocarpus, Ehr., in New Zealand. By T. Kirk | 378 |
IV.—Chemistry.
| LX. | On the Analogy of Cyanogen to Oxygen. By William Skey, Analyst to the Geological Survey of New Zealand | 379–383 |
| LXI. | On the Evolution of Heat during the Hydration of Clay-slate, Clay, and Coal. By William Skey | 384–387 |
| LXII. | Notes on the Formation and Constitution of Torbanite and similar Minerals. By William Skey | 387–389 |
| LXIII. | On the Evolution of absorbed Sulphur from Carbon by Voltaic Action; with Notes upon the Rev. H. Highton's Theory for explaining the Evolution of this Gas from certain Batteries in Work. By William Skey | 389–395 |
| LXIV. | On Duplex Telegraphy. By Charles Lemon, General Manager, New Zealand Telegraphs | 396–403 |
| LXV. | On a Modification of the Electric Lamp for projecting the Spectra of different Metals on the Screen. By A. W. Bickerton, F.C.S., Professor of Chemistry in Canterbury College | 403 |
| LXVI. | Notes on the Colouring Matter of Hœmatococcus sanguineus. By Llewellyn Powell, M.D. | 404–405 |
| LXVII. | Notes on the Chemical Properties of some of the Strata from Mr. Firth's Well at Mount Eden. By J. A. Pond | 405–407 |
V.—Geology.
| LXVIII. | Notes on Dr. Haast's supposed Pleistocene Glaciation of New Zealand. By W. T. L. Travers, F.L.S. | 409–440 |
| LXIX. | On the Date of the Glacial Period; a Comparison of Views represented in Papers published in the Transactions of the N.Z. Institute, Vols. V. and VI. By A. Dudley Dobson, C.E. | 440–446 |
| LXX. | The Glacial Period of New Zealand. By Thomas Mackay, C.E. | 447 |
– viii –

| pages | ||
| LXXI. | Did the great Cook Strait River flow to the North-West or to the South-East? By J. C. Crawford, F.G.S. | 448–451 |
| Some further Proofs as to the ancient Cook Strait River, and the Harbour of Wellington as a Freshwater Lake; also, a Consideration of the Date at which the Islands were united. By J. C. Crawford | 451–453 | |
| LXXII. | On the Wanganui Tertiaries. By C. W. Purnell | 453–457 |
| LXXIII. | Description of three new Tertiary Shells in the Otago Museum. By Captain F. W. Hutton, F.G.S., C.M.Z.S. | 458 |
| LXXIV. | Notes on the Microscopic Structure of certain Igneous Rocks submitted by the Director of the Geological Survey of New Zealand. By Richard Daintree, F.G.S., Agent-General for Queensland. Communicated by Dr. Hector | 458–460 |
| LXXV. | Deep Sinking in the Lava Beds of Mount Eden. By J. C. Firth | 460–464 |
Proceedings.
Wellington Philosophical Society.
| Anniversary Address of the President, Charles Knight, F.R.C.S. | 467–487 |
| On Ergot in Rye Grass. By Dr. Hector, F.R.S. | 488–489 |
| Notice of Ceratodus fosteri, Krefft, or Barramunda, of the Queensland Rivers. By Dr. Hector | 490–491 |
| Account of Soundings taken by the “Challenger” Expedition. By Dr. Hector | 491–492 |
| Notice of the New Zealand Avocet and Procellaria lessoni. By Dr. Hector | 492 |
| On the Position of Sulphocyanogen among the Elements, with Notes upon the Series of double Sulphocyanides discovered by the Author in 1868. By W. Skey | 502 |
| Memorandum on the Longitude of Wellington Observatory. By Captain Nares, of H.M.S. “Challenger,” with enclosing letter by Dr. Hector. Communicated by the Hon. the Colonial Secretary | 502–507 |
| On the Occurrence of Lepilœna preissii, Muell., and Carex chlorantha, Br., in New Zealand. By T. Kirk, F.L.S. | 508 |
| Abstract Report of Council for 1874 | 508–509 |
| Election of Officers for 1875 | 509 |
| Notes on Hutton's Catalogue of the Marine Mollusca of New Zealand. By Dr. Ed. von Martens. Communicated by Dr. Hector | 510 |
| Note on Rallus modestus. By W. L. Buller, Sc. D., F.L.S. | 511 |
Auckland Institute.
| Anniversary Address. By T. Heale | 513–519 |
| On Trees suitable for Streets and Avenues. By D. Hay | 519–520 |
| On Street Planting. By R. W. Dyson | 521 |
| Note on Danais berenice. By T. B. Gillies, M.H.R. | 523–524 |
| Note on the Habits of Gerygone flaviventris. By T. B. Gillies | 524 |
| Abstract of Annual Report | 525 |
| Election of Officers for 1875 | 525 |
Philosophical Institute Of Canterbury.
| On Wolffia. By Ll. Powell, M.D. | 527 |
| Results of Excavations and Researches in and near the Moa-bone Point Cave, Sumner Road (Postscript). By Julius Haast, Ph.D., F.R.S. | 528–530 |
| Explanation of some personal Remarks made in Mr. Potts' Paper on the Birds of New Zealand, part IV., Trans. N.Z. Inst. Vol. VI. By Julius Haast | 530–531 |
– ix –

| pages | ||
| Resolutions regarding the Sumner Cave Exploration | 531–533 | |
| Election of Officers for 1875 | 532 | |
| Abstract Report of the Council | 533 | |
| Protest by Dr. Haast against Minutes of the Board of Governors of the New Zealand Institute | 534–535 | |
| Further Resolutions regarding the Sumner Cave Exploration | 535 | |
| Extract from the Minutes of a Meeting of the Board of Governors of the New Zealand Institute, held 21st Dec., 1874 | 535–538 |
Otago Institute.
| Remarks on a Paper by G. Thomson on the Naturalized Plants of Otago. By T. Kirk, F.L.S. | 539 |
| Notes on rare Ferns. By P. Thomson | 540–541 |
| Letter from Dr. Gray containing Notes on a Finner Whale | 542 |
| On some common Causes of Consumption in Otago. By Robert H. Bakewell, M.D. | 543–544 |
| Notes on the Moa. By W. H. S. Roberts | 548–549 |
| Comparison of the Marine Mollusca of South Australia with those of New Zealand. By W. Beddnal. Communicated by Captain Hutton | 549 |
| Communication from the Superintendent of Otago with regard to the Philadelphia Exhibition | 549–550 |
| Annual Report | 550 |
| Anniversary Address by the President, J. T. Thomson, F.R.G.S. | 550–553 |
| Election of Officers for 1875 | 555 |
Appendix.
| Meteorological Statistics of New Zealand for 1874 | xxi–xxiii |
| Earthquakes reported in New Zealand during 1874 | xxiii |
| Comparative Abstract for 1874 and previous years | xxiv |
| Notes on the Weather during 1874 | xxv–xxvii |
| Notes on the word “Moa” in the Poetry of the New Zealanders. By the Rev. James W. Stack | xxviii–xxix |
| Abstract of Meteorological Observations, taken at Delanasau, Bay of Islands, Bua, Fiji, for the year ending 31st Dec., 1873. By R. L. Holmes, F.M.S. | xxx |
| Observations on the Growth and Reproduction of the red Corpuscles of the Blood. By Robert H. Bakewell, M.D. Communicated by Dr. Hector | xxxi–xxxvii |
| Induction and Necessary Truth. By the Rev. R. Kidd, LL.D. | xxxviii–xlv |
| On Probability (Part I.). By the Rev. R. Kidd | xlvi–lviii |
| What is Science? By the Rev. R. Kidd | lviii–lxiv |
| Honorary Members of the New Zealand Institute | lxv |
– x –

| Pages | |
| Ordinary Members | lxv–lxxiii |
| Errata et Addenda | iii |
| Contents | v–x |
| List of Plates | x |
| Board of Governors of the New Zealand Institute | xi |
| Abstracts of Rules and Statutes of the New Zealand Institute | xi–xiii |
| List of Incorporated Societies | xiv |
| Officers of Incorporated Societies and Extracts from the Rules | xiv–xvii |
Illustrations.
| to page page | ||
| I. | Haast.—Plan and Sections of Moa-bone Point Cave, Sumner | 56 |
| II. | " Map and Sections of Moa-bone Point Cave, Sumner | 64 |
| III. | " Sections of Moa-hunter Encampment, Shag Point | 86 |
| " Sections of ancient Burial Place at Sumner | ||
| IV. | " Stone Implements from Burial Place at Sumner | 88 |
| V. | Booth.—Plan of Moa Swamp at Hamilton | 128 |
| VI. | Goodall.—Cut Stump of a Tree | 144 |
| VII. | Buller.—Diagram of a Bird | 200 |
| VIII. | " Prion vittatus, Pr. turtur, Pr. banksii, Ptatycercus novœ zealandiœ, Pl. auriceps, Pl. alpinus, Orthonyx ochrocephala, O. albicilla, Certhiparus novœ-zealandiœ | 208 |
| IX. | " Hieracidea novœ-zealandiœ, H. ferox | 214 |
| X. | Hector.—-Plectropoma huntii, Haplodactylus meandratus, Girella percoides, Chilodactylus douglasii, Scorpœna barathri | 240 |
| XI. | " Trachichthys intermedius, Caranx koheru, Platystethus abbreviatus, Macrurus armatus, Pseudorhombus boops, Maurolicus australis | 248 |
| XII. | Buchanan.—Myosotidium nobile | 334 |
| XIII. | " Veronica chathamica, Geranium traversii | 336 |
| XIV. | " Olearia semidentata | 336 |
| XV. | " Olearia angustifolia | 340 |
| XVI. | Hector.—Neobalœna marginata, Orca pacifica Globiocephalus macrorhynchus | 260 |
| XVI.A. | " Globiocephalus macrorhynchus | 260 |
| XVII. | " Neobalœna marginata | 252 |
| XVIII. | " Physalus antarcticus | 256 |
| XIX. | Hutton and Coughtrey.—Moa Remains | 272 |
| XX. | Coughtrey.—Hydroideœ | 288 |
| XXI. | Powell.—Phronima novœ-zealandiœ | 294 |
| Hutton.—Aplysia brunnea, Aplysia venosa | ||
| Cominella striata, Zizyphinus hodgei, Venus (?) sulcata | ||
| XXII. | " Capsules of Mosses | 344 |
| XXIII. | Knight.—Lichens | 360 |
| XXIV. | Berggren.—Hœmatococcus sanguineus | 370 |
| XXV. | Kirk.—Isoëtes alpinus | 368 |
| Knight.—Stereocaulon buchanani | ||
| XXVI. | Lemon.—Diagrams illustrating Duplex Telegraphy | 398 |
| XXVII. | " Diagrams illustrating Duplex Telegraphy | 400 |
| XXVIII. | Knight.—Different Species of Gymnostomum | 354 |
| XXIX. | Bakewell.—Blood Corpuscles | xxxvi |
| Hutton.—Measurements of Dinornis bones | 278 |
