Art. II.—Further Additions to our Knowledge of the New Zealand Crustacea.

By Charles Chilton, M.A.

another portion stretching out of the part already described, like a greatly elongated egg; this portion is exceedingly delicate and transparent; the small dot which marks the end of it is often more easily seen than the rest. (Fig. 1b.)

The mandible bears a three-jointed appendage; the first and second joints being equal in length and longer than the third; the last two bearing stout setæ which increase in length as they approach the distal ends of the joints on which they are situated (fig. 1c).

The first maxilla consists of two nearly straight lobes, the inner one tipped with slender plumose setæ, the outer one longer and larger and bearing strong serrated setæ at the extremity (fig. 1 d).

The second maxilla consists of three delicate overlapping plates; the two outer ones of which bear similar long simple setæ which appear to be transversely ribbed (fig. 1 f). On the third and inner lobe are setæ, two of which bear delicate filaments near the base only; the others bearing filaments on one side only throughout the whole length of the seta (fig. 1,e,f,g).

The maxillipedes have the basal portion long and straight, tipped at the end with several moderately strong setæ. This basal portion bears a four-jointed appendage, the joints of which decrease in size distally; the first three have the distal end produced into a rounded lobe tipped with setæ. (Fig. 1 h.)

The first pair of legs (fig. 1 k) is short and stout; the meros is short and expands greatly at the distal end, carpus very short, the dactylos is large and bears at the end two claws, the terminal one larger than the other which bears a small piece projecting on its inner side (fig. 1 l). The large claw appears to be more or less articulated to the rest of the dactylos. The second leg (fig. 1 m) is much longer and slenderer; the basos has its inner side fringed with short setæ, the meros is longer than in the first and expands distally, the carpus is slender and as long as the propodos; the dactylos ends with two claws (fig. 1 n), the smaller with several stiff projections along its inner edge, one towards the base of the claw being much stouter than the others. The remaining legs are somewhat like the first, though not so stout, being thus more or less intermediate in form between the first and the second.

The pleopoda or branchial plates have the basal joint broad and supporting two large branchial plates, the inner one being longer than the outer and broader at the base than at the end; both abundantly supplied with long plumose setæ (fig. 1 o). The pleopoda all rest in a cavity formed by the excavation of the under side of the segments of the pleon, much in the same way as in Sphæroma.

Genus Anthura, Leach.

(Bate's and Westwood's Brit. Sessile-eyed Crust., vol. ii., p. 157.)

Anthura affinis, sp. nov. Plate I., fig 4.

Segments of pereion subequal, cylindrical. Head somewhat shorter than the first segment of pereion. Antennæ short, not quite so long as the head; upper much smaller than the lower, consisting of four joints, of which the basal one is the largest, and a very small fifth joint bearing a small pencil of setæ; lower antennæ thick and strong, basal joint large, broad, with a groove above in which the upper antenna rests, the inner edge of this basal joint is straight and in close contact with that of the antenna on other side, along the median line; basal joint followed by three subequal joints, and a short, thick, rudimentary flagellum, the joints of which bear setæ thickly set on one side.

First pair of legs very strong, not reaching beyond the head; basos very thick distally, ischios also thick and strong, meros short, carpus subtriangular, produced along the side of the propodos, and bearing setæ on its distal extremity; propodos thick, ovate, in contact with both meros and carpus, palm short with a strong projection against which the dactylos impinges; dactylos short, strong, and curved. Remaining legs all similar, not subchelate, propodos longer than the carpus and meros together. First five segments of the pleon united so closely that the lines of suture cannot be distinguished, sixth segment distinct bearing biramous appendages; outer ramus of a single joint, half as long as the inner, semicylindrical surrounding the inner ramus, its upper inner edge serrate and fringed with long setæ very delicately plumose; inner ramus of two joints equal in length and breadth, broad, edges fringed with long setæ; telson broad, round at end, with several long setæ near the centre.

Colour—pale yellow with blotches of black on the head, segments of pereion, pleon and telson. Length about ⅓ of an inch.

Hab. Lyttelton Harbour. Found on seaweed at low tide.

This species is a true Anthura, coming apparently near to A. gracilis, from which however it is sufficiently distinct.

The first pair of legs only are chelate, all the rest are simple; they have the dactylos large and strong, the end forming a claw distinct from the basal portion; at the base of this claw three or four simple setæ arise laterally, and a short stout one on the inside. There is also a short stout seta on the inner distal angle of the propodos (pl. I., fig. 4 c and d).

The pleopoda are of the usual form, having a short basal joint bearing two equal oval plates with the distal margins setose. Each of these branchial plates is slightly constricted on each side, half way between the two

I find that my specimens differ from those described by Messrs. Bate and Westwood in one small point, which I had previously overlooked. In theirs the upper surface of the body “is tuberculated, each tubercle emitting a minute seta at its top.” In my specimens the tubercles are not very well marked, and the setæ, though certainly very small, are perhaps rather too large to be called minute, as compared with the animal itself.

I do not, however, consider this difference sufficient to warrant its removal from the European species.

Genus Plakarthrium, (novum).

Body much depressed, almost flat. Both antennæ having some of the basal joints expanded, flat; outer antenna with a flagellum. Coxæ very largely developed. Last pair of pleopoda biramous, lamellar.

Plakarthrium typicum, sp. nov. Plate I., fig. 5.

First two joints of inner antenna much expanded, first sub-rectangular, second sub-triangular, bearing on its posterior border the third joint, which is small and not expanded and is followed by a very small joint bearing two or three auditory cilia. Outer antenna with peduncle of five joints; the first two small and cylindrical, the third expanded, triangular, fourth expanded, transverse, fifth cylindrical, followed by a slender many-jointed flagellum reaching to the posterior border of the third thoracic segment. Eyes small, placed in the centres of the two rounded lateral portions of the head. Head transverse, about twice as broad as long, entirely enclosed by the expanded joints of the antennæ and by the coxæ of the first thoracic segment. Thoracic segments sub-equal in length, the central ones being rather broader than the first and the last. Coxæ very large, lamellar, more than half as broad as their segments; coxa of last thoracic segment reaching nearly to the extremity of the last pair of pleopoda. First two pairs of legs slender, three following pairs short and stout, last two pairs slender, similar to the first two, all ending in strong curved claws. Abdomen sub-rectangular, showing indications of three segments, the last larger than the first two together; posterior border concave. Last pair of pleopoda apparently arising right at the posterior end of the abdomen, basal joint short, flat, about as long as broad, inner branch oblong, inner margin straight, outer branch broader, expanding distally.

Colour—light-reddish brown, with a few small scattered dots of a darker brown. Length about ⅕ of an inch.

Hab. Lyttelton Harbour. On stems of a brown seaweed, probably Ecklonia radiata.

I do not know where this peculiar Isopod should be placed. In some respects it is like Amphoroidea, but it differs very greatly from it in others. As yet I have only found it on one kind of seaweed, probably Ecklonia

on the inner anterior angle of the inner joint of the last pair of pleopoda. Its function, doubtless, is to admit water to the branchial plates, and at the same time to prevent the ingress of sand or other extraneous matter, the flow of water is no doubt kept up by the movement of the branchial plates themselves.

All round the outer edge of the coxæ, the expanded joints of the antennæ and the last pair of pleopoda, two distinct parallel borders are to be seen, the outer part of the integument being apparently produced beyond the inner and more opaque parts. From the inner line numerous short setæ arise, these seldom reach much beyond the outer line. (See figs. 5 a, b, k.)

Genus Limnoria, Leach.

(Bate's and Westwood's British Sessile-eyed Crustacea, vol. ii., p. 349.)

As this genus is new to New Zealand I quote here the generic characters.

“Oblong-ovate, depressed; antennæ subequal, cylindrical, not longer than the cephalon. Pereiopoda nearly alike, slender. Pleon six-jointed. Branchial plates naked. Terminal segment large, semicircular, with a lateral appendage on each side bearing two terminal slender styles.”

Limnoria segnis, sp. nov. Pl. II., fig. 1.

Body covered with short setæ. Eyes large. Neither antenna longer than head, inner one stouter and longer than the outer, consisting of three joints, of which the second is the shortest, followed by a short flagellum of about three joints bearing setæ and long simple auditory cilia. Lower (outer) antennæ of four joints, the third and fourth subequal and longer than the first and second; followed by a short flagellum of three joints bearing simple setæ. Mandible strong, appendage small, apparently of only two joints, the last tipped with a few setæ. Maxillipedes similar to those of L. lignorum, but having the plate at base much longer, narrower at base than towards the distal end, extremity rounded, whole margin fringed with short setæ. Terminal segment of the tail entire rounded and flattened, without central dorsal carina and with the margins not raised. Last pleopoda with the inner branch strong, about twice as long as broad, the end and outer margin supplied with setæ about as long as the joint; outer branch small pointed at the end, and with two or three setæ on the outer edge near the end.

Length—⅙ of an inch.

Colour—white, opaque.

Hab. On seaweed, Lyttelton Harbour.

This species is very near Limnoria lignorum, the dreaded “Gribble” of Europe, but it differs in several small points already mentioned. It also differs in habits; L. lignorum burrows into the wood of piers, piles, etc.; but L. segnis I found on the roots of Macrocystis. It is very sluggish and

Amphipoda.

Colour—various, greater part of body usually tinged with red but sometimes with blue, integument thick and more or less opaque.

Length about ¼ inch.

Hab. Lyttelton Harbour. On seaweed, usually at roots of Macrocystis.

This species is very peculiar in appearance and presents several points of interest.

The maxillipedes are shown in Pl. II., fig. 2 d. Both the basos and ischios bear plates, that of the former ending in two rounded teeth, that of the latter rounded at the end and with its inner edge setose, the meros has its distal portion produced externally in a rounded lobe past the extremity of the carpus, the propodos has its distal and inner margins setose, the setæ on the inner margin being minutely serrate; the dactylos is broad, subtriangular, and nearly free from setæ.

The peculiar chelate character of the second pair of gnathopoda of male appears to be acquired only in fully-developed individuals; in smaller specimens they are subchelate, with the palm transverse, as shown in fig. 2g; intermediate forms between this and the fully-developed form shown in fig. 2f are also found. At first sight the carpus appears to be absent; I believe that it is joined on to the propodos, but the evidence of this is not quite satisfactory. The sixth segment of the pleon appears to be absent, unless the part that I have described as the basal portion of the last pair of pleopoda represents the sixth segment itself; if this be the case, the last pleopod will be represented only by a single rounded joint; in either case it certainly bears the appearance of being rudimentary and useless.

Genus Montaguana.

(Montagua, Spence Bate, Cat. Amphip. Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 54.)

As the name Montagua was long ago used by Fleming for a genus of Nudibranch Mollusca, I have altered the name of Mr. Spence Bate's genus to Montaguana.

Generic characters:—“The superior antennæ are as long as the inferior, and not furnished with a secondary appendage. The mandibles are not furnished with an appendage. The maxillipedes are pediform, unguiculate, and without, or with only rudimentary, squamiform plates. The first pair of gnathopoda are small, subchelate, the coxæ not developed into a squamiform plate. The second pair of gnathopoda are larger than the first, and have the coxæ very large, squamiform, deeper than the body, and produced anteriorly, so as to cover the organs of the mouth; the propodos is developed upon the same type as in the first pair. The pereiopoda are subequal; the coxæ of the two anterior pairs are very largely developed,

deeper than the body, and produced posteriorly, so as to cover that of the following pair of pereiopoda. The posterior pair of pleopoda are styliform, unibranched, the ramus biarticulate. The telson is simple and squamiform.”

Montaguana miersii?

(? Montaguana miersii, Haswell, Proceedings Linn. Soc. N.S.W., vol. iv., p. 323, pl. XXIV., fig. 4, and Cat. Australian Crust., p. 226.)

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“Coxæ of the posterior gnathopoda and the two first pairs of pereiopoda much deeper than their respective segments. Superior and inferior antennæ subequal in length, equal in length to the cephalon and first three segments of the pereion; the peduncles stout, rather shorter than the flagella. Anterior gnathopoda small, the propodos subquadrate, the palm nearly transverse. Posterior gnathopoda with the propodos large, cordiform; the palm oblique, undefined. Pereiopoda subequal, rather stout. Colour yellow with brown markings. Length about 3/20 in.”

Hab. Timaru and Lyttelton Harbour.

Mr. Haswell obtained his specimens at Port Jackson. Mine differ from the description and figures given by him in some small points so that I am rather doubtful whether they are really the same species or not.

The first pair of gnathopoda has the palm more oblique than shown in Mr. Haswell's figure. In the second gnathopoda the specimens obtained at Timaru differ somewhat from those obtained at Lyttelton, though much too close in other respects to be considered as distinct species. The Lyttelton specimens are nearest to those described by Mr. Haswell. The palm, though it can hardly be called defined, yet has two stout setæ at the place where the end of the finger reaches to, one on each side; on the under-side of the propodos towards the base are a few rather long setæ, not shown in Mr. Haswell's figure; and in the centre of the palm is a small sharp projection. In the Timaru specimens the propodos is much stouter, palm less oblique, and without the small projection at its centre.

In the last three pairs of pleopoda my specimens closely resemble those of M. longicornis as figured by Mr. Haswell. In the figure of M. miersii the last pair of pleopoda are drawn with two rami, but this must, I suppose, be a slip of the artist's.

Genus Cyproidia, Haswell.

(Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., vol. iv., p. 320, and Cat. Aust. Crust., p. 229.)

“Body broad. Pereion and pleon of equal length. Coxæ of gnathopoda very small. Coxæ of the first and second pairs of pereiopoda enormously developed, and cemented together to form broad and deep lateral shields, concealing almost entirely the gnathopoda and pereiopoda, and extending forwards to the sides of the cephalon, and backwards as far as

of a new genus, but, as I have only had two specimens, both of the same species, I prefer to leave it under Mr. Haswell's genus for the present. The details (fig. 1 a-d) were taken from a small specimen, and hence may not represent quite accurately their form in more adult specimens.

Genus Moera, Leach.

(Cat. Amphip. Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 187.)

Moera spinosa, Haswell. (Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., iv., p. 268, pl. x., fig. 5; and Cat. Aust. Crust., p. 257.)

“Posterior margin of the five anterior segments of the pleon armed with a few acute teeth or spines; fourth and fifth segments armed behind with acute spines. Coxæ much shallower than their respective segments. Lateral plate of the third segment of the pleon serrated posteriorly. Eyes long, oval. Superior antennæ more than half the length of the body; first segment of peduncle as long as the cephalon and first segment of the pereion; second rather longer; third very short; flagellum as long as the peduncle; appendage nearly half as long as the flagellum.^*

“Inferior antennæ more than half as long as the superior pair; third segment of peduncle equal in length to the first segment of the pereion; fourth twice as long as the third, fifth as long as the cephalon; flagellum as long as the fifth segment of the peduncle. Anterior gnathopoda hairy, carpus rather longer than the propodos; the latter ovate; palm oblique, notched. Posterior gnathopoda with the propodos large, ovate, more dilated in the male than in the female, palm defined by a strong acute tooth, and armed in the male with two other prominent teeth. Two anterior pairs of pereiopoda subequal. Third pair rather shorter than the fourth and fifth; basos of the three posterior pairs produced at its postero-distal angle; meros, carpus, and propodos serrated and hairy. Fifth pair of pleopoda much shorter than the fourth. Sixth pair large, with a stout protopodite and two broad-lanceolate rami, the latter serrated and armed with setæ. Telson double, each half ending in a sharp spine, and armed with a bundle of stiff setæ. Length 8 lines.”

Hab. Auckland.

Of this species I have two specimens, a male and a female, for which I have to thank Professor Hutton. He found them in a collection of Mollusca sent him from Auckland. Mr. Haswell's specimens were from Tasmania. In my specimen of the male the second gnathopod of the right side only has the two promiment teeth on the palm, and these are rather larger and more blunt at the end than those shown in Mr. Haswell's figure; the second gnathopod of the left side is like those of the female, having the palm slightly convex, and without the two teeth. (See plate II., fig. 3a.)

Moerapetriei, G. M. Thomson. (Trans. N.Z. Inst., xiv., p. 236, pl. xviii., fig. 3).

This species was described by Mr. Thomson from specimens obtained at Port Pegasus in the dredge. I have found it pretty abundantly in Lyttelton Harbour at low tide. The female differs from the male in the form of the second pair of gnathopoda. In these the carpus is much longer than in the male, being slightly longer than broad; it is densely haired, the hairs being chiefly arranged in rows; many if not all these hairs are serrated; the propodos is only very slightly broader than the carpus, having tufts of setæ along both sides and also along the middle, those on the under surface being the most numerous and the thickest. Palm imperfectly defined by several strong setæ at the point where the tip of the dactylos impinges. Dactylos slender, very acute. (See plate II., fig. 4a.)

In the male my specimens have the propodos of the gnathopoda less hairy than the one drawn by Mr. Thomson, and the dactylos is more blunt, being quite rounded at the end.

The two acute spines on the postero-dorsal margin of the fourth segment of the pleon are invariable in both sexes.

Genus Harmonia, Haswell.

(Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., vol. iv., p. 330, and Cat. Aust. Crust., p. 250.)

Generic characters:—“Coxæ not so deep as their respective segments. Superior antennæ with an appendage. Inferior antennæ longer than the superior pair. Mandibles with a palp. Maxillipedes unguiculate, subpediform, provided with a squamiform plate on the basos only. Gnathopoda subchelate, unequal, posterior pair very large. Pereiopoda stout. Posterior pleopoda biramous, the rami short, conical. Telson single, elongate.”

Of this genus Mr. Haswell says: “This genus, of which I have as yet observed but one species, has affinities with Eurystheus and Amathia, but is distinguished from the former by the form of the telson and the stoutness of the pereiopoda, and from the latter mainly by the large size of the posterior gnathopoda.”

Before noticing Mr. Haswell's genus I had found the following species, and had begun to describe it as a new species of Eurystheus.

Harmonia crassipes, Haswell. (l.c., p. 330, pl. xix., fig. 3.)

“Superior antennæ as long as the cephalon and first six segments of the pereion, first and second segments of the peduncle subequal, the second narrower than the first, third scarcely distinguishable from the articuli of the flagellum; flagellum rather longer than the peduncle. Inferior antennæ longer than the superior pair; peduncle and flagellum subequal. Anterior gnathopoda small; propodos ovoid; palm oblique, undefined. Posterior gnathopoda much larger than the anterior pair; carpus sub-

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triangular; propodos irregularly ovoid, palm oblique, excavate, defined by a triangular tooth, and armed with another of similar form near the distal end. Two anterior pairs of pereiopoda subequal; three posterior pairs with the basa oblong twice as long as broad, the other joints very broad, the dactylos very stout; fourth pair smaller than the fifth and sixth. Rami of fourth pair of pleopoda as long as the protopodite; those of the fifth pair shorter; those of sixth pair very short, conical, armed with a few straight setæ. Telson simple, conical, compressed. Colour brown. Length, 3/20 inch.”

Hab. Lyttelton Harbour; Timaru.

This species is moderately common at Lyttelton Harbour; Mr. Haswell's specimens are from Port Jackson. The female differs from the male in the form of the second gnathopoda. The first gnathopoda are like those of male, and are shown in pl. II., fig. 5 a. They are very hairy, and at the inferior edge of the palm are two stout setæ. The second gnathopoda of female are much smaller than those of the male, the carpus is subtriangular and larger than the carpus in the second gnathopoda of male, it has its distal and inferior borders setose; propodos only slightly broader than the carpus, long ovate, with small tufts of setæ on the two sides and on the middle, palm oblique imperfectly defined by a stout seta on each side at the end of the dactylos.

Genus Moera.

Moera incerta, sp. nov. Pl. III., fig. 3.

None of the segments of pleon or pereion produced into teeth. Coxæ shallower than their respective segments. Basal joint of upper antenna stout, narrowing distally, second joint only slightly longer than the first, third joint short; flagellum shorter than peduncle, about as long as the basal joint and half the second; secondary appendage rather more than half as long as the flagellum; setæ on the antenna short and very fine. Lower antenna shorter than the upper, slender; peduncle as long as that of upper antenna, last joint of peduncle slightly shorter than the preceding joint, flagellum short, not quite so long as the last joint of the peduncle, setæ short and delicate. First pair of gnathopoda having the carpus about as large as the propodos; its outer edge with a shallow notch towards the distal end, inner edge densely fringed with setæ, small tufts of setæ scattered over the joint; propodos ovate, not very hairy, palm slightly convex, fringed with short setæ, imperfectly defined by one or two stout short setæ; dactylos slender acute, with one or two long setæ at its base. Second pair of gnathopoda very large, carpus rather small subtriangular, propodos very large, subrectangular, slightly narrowed at the base, inner margin slightly sinuous, with a few small tufts of setæ

chiefly on the proximal half; on the outer margin mostly towards the distal part are also a few small tufts of setæ, but these lie close along the joint and are very easily overlooked. Palm transverse defined by a short stout tooth and having short stout setæ along the whole palm. Dactylos thick and strong, not longer than palm. First two pairs of pereiopoda subequal, rather slender, last three broad, increasing slightly in size posteriorly, basos moderately large subrectangular, anterior edge with a few small setæ, posterior edge minutely serrate, a very minute seta arising at each serration, meros broad serrated, with moderately long strong setæ, carpus expanding somewhat distally, setose; propodos setose on anterior side only, numerous strong setæ arising at the base of the dactylos; dactylos considerably narrower than propodos, ending in two sharp points, the principal one longer and more curved than the other. Inferior edges of first three segments of pleon supplied with several small setæ. Posterior pair of pleopoda only reaching very slightly beyond the two preceding pairs, of which the first pair is slender, having the peduncle considerably longer than the rami, rami with long strong setæ at their extremities; second pair stouter, rami with similar long strong setæ at end; third pair having the rami broad and setose more especially on the outer edge. Telson double, each half concave posteriorly with two long setæ arising from the hollow, and having another hollow on the outer side towards the distal end with a single seta springing from the hollow.

Length, about ⅕ of an inch.

Hab. Lyttelton Harbour.

This species is very close to M. quadrimanus, Dana, M. grossimanus, Montagu, M. viridis, Haswell, M. truncatipes, Spinola, but differs from all in the form of the second pair of gnathopoda. In this respect it closely resembles M. blanchardi, Spence Bate, but differs in having the basa of the three posterior pairs of pereiopoda dilated, in having the secondary appendage of upper antenna not so long as the primary flagellum, and in other points. It also resembles M. tenella, Dana, but that species has the base joint of upper antenna “not stout, second very long;” the two species also appear to differ somewhat in the form of the second gnathopoda, and also in the length of the posterior pair of pleopoda.

Genus Podocerus, Leach.

(Cat. Amphip. Crust. Brit. Mus., p. 252.)

“Eyes small, situated on a lobe between the superior and inferior antennæ. Superior antennæ having a secondary appendage, which is generally very minute. Inferior antennæ robust, the flagellum consisting of but few articuli and as stout as the peduncle, the hairs towards the extremity being developed into spines, which increase in strength as they