Paranænia typica, sp. nov. Pl. xix., fig. 1, a to h.

Male.—Eyes rather large, situated on a pointed projection between the bases of the antennæ. Upper antenna with basal joint of peduncle stout, and about two-thirds the length of the second, third joint as long as the first, flagellum about as long as the last two joints of the peduncle, secondary appendage nearly half as long as the primary. Peduncle of lower antenna very slightly longer than that of the upper, last two joints equal in length, flagellum half as long again as the last joint of peduncle. Both antennæ fringed below with numerous long hairs. First gnathopod with carpus as long as propodos and nearly as broad, inferior edge fringed with numerous setæ arranged in about four transverse rows, propodos ovate, both margins with numerous setæ, one or two stouter ones at the point where the end of dactylos impinges. Second gnathopoda with meros somewhat sharply pointed at its distal end; carpus very short, subtriangular; propodos very large, as long as the cephalon and first two segments of pereion, subrectangular, produced on inferior edge into a stout short spine defining the palm, distal portion of the palm nearly transverse, distinctly marked off from the inferior portion by a stout spine, followed by a narrow indentation, between which and the base of the dactylos is a low protuberance with the margin minutely crenate, palm thickly supplied with setæ variously arranged in tufts; dactylos curved, with a low protuberance on the inner margin near the distal end. Coxæ of first pereiopoda (third segment of pereion) deeper than the others, produced as far as the anterior end of the coxæ of the second gnathopoda and ending there in an acute point, margin ornamented with small circular markings at intervals. Fourth pair of pleopoda with the rami equal and as long as the peduncle, slender, with setæ on both sides and two or three longer ones at the ends, peduncle with three or four setæ on the upper margins and with a stout one at the end between the two rami. Fifth pleopoda with the outer ramus as long as the peduncle, inner one slightly longer, supplied with setæ as in the fourth pleopoda. Sixth pleopoda extending beyond the others, inner ramus slightly longer than the outer, both longer than the peduncle and broader (when viewed from above) than the rami of the two preceding pairs of pleopoda, setose on both margins, and ending acutely without setæ; peduncle stout, with a strong seta on the upper margin at the distal end. Telson single, ending in two conical projections each bearing a stout seta.

Female.—Differs from the above in having the coxæ normal; second gnathopoda only slightly larger than the first which it resembles in shape, but has the carpus shorter and subtriangular.

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Length about 1/9 inch.

Hab. Lyttelton Harbour.

I have been much puzzled by this and the next two species, and it is only with considerable hesitation that I advance Paranænia as a new genus. In order to clear up their affinities as much as possible I give here a few more facts about them which I have not put into the description already given. The inferior antennæ arise considerably behind the anterior antennæ (fig. 1a). The mandibles are shown in fig. 1b, pl. xix. The appendage consists of three broad joints, the first short and without setæ, the second the longest and fringed on one side with long setæ, the third is narrow at the base, but widens greatly distally, and is rounded at the end and is fringed with about a dozen setæ, each about as long as the joint; on the side of the last joint is an oblique row of about four or five setæ. The maxillipedes present nothing very remarkable, both the basos and the ischios bear well-developed plates, that of the basos is rectangular and has only a few setæ at the end, that of the ischios is rounded at the end and has the inner margin supplied with numerous stout broad spines which increase in size distally, and with several setæ, the other joints except the meros are plentifully supplied with setæ, the dactylos ends in a long slender claw distinct from the basal portion.

The gnathopoda have been already described, the pereiopoda closely resemble those of Podocerus but are rather longer and more slender than is usual in that genus. The coxa of the third pereiopod consists of two lobes as in Podocerus, the anterior lobe is much larger and deeper than the posterior; in the next coxa the anterior lobe is much smaller in comparison with the posterior; the coxa of the fifth pereiopod is not divided into lobes—these facts re coxæ of third, fourth and fifth pereiopoda refer to the male only; I have not yet been able to verify them in the female; the bodies are so delicate and transparent that it is often very difficult to distinguish the coxæ. The telson has one or two very minute teeth at the end of each conical projection, these are very small but may be important as a help to deciding the proper place of this species among the other Amphipoda.

My reasons for considering the two animals I have described above as male and female of the same genus are the same as those already given in the case of Podocerus longimanus.

The length of the palm of the second gnathopod of the male increases with age, in well-developed specimens the tooth defining it is near the base of the propodos, but in younger specimens it is often much nearer the distal end.

Paranænia dentifera. Pl. xxi., fig. 2, a to c.

Moera dentifera, Haswell, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., vol. iv., p. 332, pl. xx., fig. 4.

Superior antennæ equal in length to the cephalon and first four segments of the pereion; third segment of the peduncle two-thirds the length of the second; flagellum about as long as the last two segments of peduncle, of about ten articuli each ornamented like the peduncle with several longish

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hairs. Inferior antennæ slightly longer than the superior; fourth and fifth segments of the peduncle sub-equal; flagellum half as long again as the last segment of peduncle, of about twelve articuli; both peduncle and flagellum armed with slender hairs, which are longer on the former. Anterior gnathopoda small, carpus slightly longer than propodos, thickly fringed on inferior edge with serrated setæ, propodos ovate, setose on both margins, one or two stout setæ at point of impingement of the end of dactylos. Posterior gnathopoda very large; meros with a pointed process at its inferodistal angle; carpus short, sub-triangular; propodos about six times the length of carpus, broad at the base, narrowing distally; palm two-thirds of the length of propodos, concave, with a low protuberance at its distal end, armed with fasciculi of long hairs, defined by a spine-like tooth; dactylos nearly as long as the propodos, with an enlargement on its inner edge near the base. Coxæ of third segment of pereion extending anteriorly slightly beyond the middle of coxa of second segment, antero-inferior angle rounded, margin ornamented with small circular or elliptical markings at intervals. Rami of posterior pleopoda scarcely larger than the others, lanceolate, armed with a few bristles. Telson small, ending in two conical projections, each bearing a stout seta. Colour, light olive with minute black dots. Length 1/5 inch.

Hab. Lyttelton Harbour. Also “Clark Island, Port Jackson; amongst seaweed” (Haswell).

This species so closely resembles the preceding one in everything but the second gnathopoda that it must be placed in the same genus. It has a certain puzzling resemblance to Moera, to which it was referred by Mr. Haswell, but differs in the broad setose appendage of the mandible, and in the strong fringe of setæ on the antennæ (wherein it approaches Podocerus and other allied genera), and in the telson.

I do not know the female of this species as such. It probably would be almost indistinguishable from that of Paranænia typica.

The mandibles and maxillipedes are almost exactly the same as those figured for Paranænia typica. When dissecting out the mouth-parts I came across the part figured in pl. xxi., fig. 2 a. It evidently corresponds with and closely resembles the “epistoma” of Cerapus abditus, figured by Bate and Westwood in vol. i., p. 455, of the “British Sessile-eyed Crustacea.” It consists of a transversely elliptical portion, with short setæ pointing inwards on the posterior margin, and, springing from this, a long pointed process.

Paranænia longimanus, sp. nov. Pl. xx., fig. 2, a to c.

Male.—First gnathopoda with the meros ending distally in an acute point; carpus considerably longer than the propodos; inferior margin thickly fringed with setæ, chiefly arranged in short transverse rows;