secondary spine between the lateral and intermediate, and 2 or 3 between the intermediate and submedian spines; in the centre, between the submedian spines, the margin is notched, the portion on each side of the median notch being convex, and bearing 8–9 small secondary spines. Sixth abdominal appendages (uropods) large, the basal portion produced into a long flat spine, ridged below along the inner margin, and reaching nearly as far backwards as the endopodite; inside this spine the basal portion bears 2 small spines on posterior margin; on the upper surface it also bears a spine at the postero-distal angle. The endopodite is small and oval; the exopodite has the first joint nearly as large as the terminal joint, and bears 5–6 spines on the distal portion of the outer margin, the last two being long and curving outwards; terminal joint oval, with a ridge running along the centre of the upper surface.

Colour, male greyish, female with abdomen reddish. (For fuller details see below.)

Length of largest specimen examined, 3–68in.

Hab. New Zealand and neighbouring islands. Also recorded from the Andamans (Wood-Mason). In New Zealand this species is evidently widely distributed: Kirk records it from the Chatham Islands, Kapiti, and Waikanae; Hutton's type-specimen was obtained at the Auckland Islands; Thomson's was from Port Pegasus, in Stewart Island, and in his collection there is also a specimen from Waipapa Point; I have specimens from Port Chalmers, and there is also a specimen in Dunedin Museum from Otago Harbour. At the meeting of the Hawke's Bay Philosophical Institute on 13th May, 1889, Mr. Hamilton exhibited specimens of this species^* from the Napier district.

In his report on the “Challenger” Stomatopoda, Brooks has called special attention to the complicated structure on the endopodite of the 1st abdominal appendage of the male, and says that “if each description of a new species contained a figure of this structure, the tracing-out of the generic relation between the species would be greatly simplified” (p. 13). I therefore give a description and also figures of this appendage in Lysiosquilla spinosa. From these it will be seen that in most respects it pretty closely resembles the corresponding appendages of Lysiosquilla maculata and L. excavatrix, as described and figured by Brooks, though his figures—especially that of the former—are too small to allow of satisfactory comparison in detail.

In Lysiosquilla spinosa the endopodite of the 1st abdominal appendage of the male (see Pl. X., fig. 1) has the basal joint

subtriangular; the inner edge is sinuous, being convex in proximal half, and afterwards slightly concave, the whole of it being densely fringed with long, very finely plumose setæ; these be come somewhat smaller towards the distal end, but there is a tuft of longer ones again at extremity of the joint; the outer edge is curved, and fringed with setæ similar to those on the inner margin; towards the base these setæ are short, more spiniform, and not so numerous. This basal joint is divided into two parts by an oblique suture running from the outer corner of the base across the joint to the inner distal angle. It would appear that the outer distal portion thus separated off is to some extent movable, as three narrow muscular bands arising from the same muscle that supplies the movable limb of the forceps extend as far as the suture. There is a small tuft of 5–6 simple setæ on the surface of the joint on the proximal side of the suture. The terminal joint, B, of the appendage is divided from the basal joint by a nearly transverse suture; it consists of the inner lobe, b, and the outer lobe, a. The latter is considerably longer than the former, from which it is completely separated, and is very different from it in shape, but is not larger; it is subtriangular, articulating to the basal joint by a very narrow base; it expands distally, and has the end regularly rounded; the outer edge is smooth, but the end and inner margin are densely fringed with long plumose setæ, the outer ones being the longest. The inner joint is partially overlapped by the outer, and is irregularly circular in outline. The retinaculum is distinctly marked, it ends acutely, and has nearly the whole of the inner margin densely covered with the characteristic curved setæ. The movable limb of the forceps, f, is long, curved outwards, and ending acutely in two points; the fixed limb, e, is small, rounded at the end, and apparently curving outwards from the joint, but not hooked.

Secondary sexual differences between the sexes appear to be rare among the Stomatpoda, though Brooks records slight differences in Lysiosquilla maculata. Differences in colour are more common. Brooks states that the male of Pseudo-squilla ciliata is said to be more brilliantly coloured than the female, and that the female of Lysiosquilla excavatrix is larger and darker than the male. Of Lysiosquilla spinosa I have seen one female only, all the rest being males; but, as the males were all closely alike in colour, and differed markedly from the female, I am inclined to think that the difference is normal: and it is worthy of note that in this species, unlike Pseudosquilla ciliata, it is the female that is more brilliantly coloured. In this specimen the thorax and abdomen are also slightly broader in proportion than in the male (see measurements below); but whether this is accidental or normal I can-

not say. The raptorial claws were missing in my single female specimen, but Mr. Hamilton tells me that those of the female differed to some extent from those of the male in his Napier specimens. The males are greyish in colour, the general surface of the body being of a semi-transparent white, and varyingly covered with dark spots, so as to give a grey appearance. There is generally a well-marked line of these along the posterior margin of the segments of the thorax and abdomen, and a much broader but lighter band along the anterior margin. The carapace, raptorial limbs, and uropods are more sparingly marked with dots; the telson is much darker, but has white stripes along the median and submedian ridges, and the margins are also white. In most of these respects the female is similar-coloured, but the carapace is darker, and the grey colour is more distinct on the sides of the thorax and abdomen, and does not extend across the centres of the segments so much as in the male; the grey portions, which are rather darker than in the male, have also a slight greenish tint; and, in addition to this, the whole of the central part of the segments of the abdomen is coloured a bright red. This description of the colours of the animals was taken originally from fresh specimens, but very little change has as yet taken place in the spirit specimens, the bright red of the female in particular being just as brilliant as in the fresh specimen.

Nothing is known as yet of the habits of this species. Although widely distributed, it is, probably owing to its habits, not very often taken, and most of the specimens known have been taken from the stomachs of fish. Both my specimens, one of Mr. Thomson's, and Professor Hutton's, were obtained in this way, Professor Hutton's being from the stomach of Notothenia microlepidota. Most species of the group are burrowing animals; and Lysiosquilla excavatrix, the habits of which have been fully described by Brooks, lies in wait for prey in its burrow, and seldom ventures far from the burrow.

Much interest attaches to the larval forms of the Squillidæ. These are transparent pelagic animals, very different in appearance and in habits from the adults; but nothing special is as yet known of the larval forms of Lysiosquilla spinosa.

For convenience of comparison I have appended a table of measurements of both male and female, similar to those given by Brooks for Lysiosquilla excavatrix. I have made these measurements as carefully as possible; but it must be borne in mind that some of the parts are not easy to measure accurately, and that they may vary to a considerable extent even on the two sides of the one specimen: thus, in the male specimen