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Volume 30, 1897
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Art. XLIII.—New Zealand Musci: Notes on the Genus Tortula, with Descriptions of New Species.

By R. Brown.

[Read before the Philosophical Institute of Canterbury, 4th August, 1897.]

Plates XXXV.–XL.

The genus Tortula is closely allied to Trichostomum, but may be readily distinguished from it, thus: First, the capsule of Tortula is nearly always stouter; second, the peristome consists of 32 filiform teeth spirally twisted to the left; and third, the cells of the operculum are also spirally arranged.

In the greater number of New Zealand species the teeth cohere towards the base, forming a tube varying in length. This fact will be found very useful in arriving at identification.

The range of this genus is very wide, extending from the sea-level to an altitude of between 2,000 ft. and 3,000 ft. At the sea-level plants are usually found on damp sand; inland on damp rocks, banks, and on the bark of trees.

As all the work previously done in this genus has been done outside the colony no authenticated specimens of those plants described in the “Handbook of the Flora of New Zealand” were available in the preparation of this paper, so that mistakes in the identification of some may very possibly have happened. Although I have collected a very large number of plants of this genus all over New Zealand I have failed

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altogether to identify T. chloronotos, T. torquatus, T. crispifolia, and T. australiœ.

The New Zealand plant which I have figured in this paper as T. papillosa, Wills (Plate XXXV., fig. 1), is the one which has generally been accepted as it. Although approaching closely to that moss, as described and figured in the “Bryologia Britannica,” it differs in the gemmæ being sessile, the nerve not being papillose, and the upper areola being dense, whilst in the British plant the gemmæ are stalked and the nerve papillose. Not having specimens of the typical plant, I am unable to determine whether the New Zealand species is a variety of T. papillosa or a distinct species. It is common near Dunedin and Christchurch, growing on the bark of trees, and in these situations has always been found barren.

Section A.
(Plants having piliferous leaves.)

Tortula acuta, sp. nov. Plate XXXV., fig. 2.

[The section below cannot be correctly rendered as it contains complex formatting. See the image of the page for a more accurate rendering.]

Plants perennial, monœcious, brownish-green, growing in small patches about ¼ in. high. Stems branching near the base, branches fastigiate. Leaves erecto-patent, imbricating round the stem, oblong-acute or shortly piliferous, slightly concave. Margins entire. Nerve excurrent. Areola: Upper dense, lower oblong, crisp when dry. Perichœtial leaves smaller than the upper ones, inner one smallest, oblongacute or mucronate. Acrocarpous. Fruitstalk erect or inclined, 5/16 in. long, red. Capsule cylindric, straight or slightly curved. Operculum conico-subulate, two-thirds the length of capsule. Peristome twisted, teeth 32, about twice the length of the tube. Calyptra cucullate.

Hab. Port Lyttelton hills, on rocks. Collected, August, 1890, by R. B.

Tortula pulvinata, sp. nov. Plate XXXV., fig. 3.

Plants perennial, monœcious, brownish-green, growing in small pulvinate tufts ¼ in. high. Stem branched near the base. Branches short, fastigiate. Leaves erecto-patent, imbricating all round the stem, oblong, rounded at the apex into a hyaline hair-point, concave. Margins recurved to near the apex. Nerve excurrent. Areola: Upper dense, subrotund; lower oblong near the base; crisp when dry. Perichœtial leaves smaller than the upper-stem ones, but otherwise similar in outline. Acrocarpous. Fruitstalk ⅜ in. long, reddish-brown. Capsule elliptic, small. Peristome twisted, teeth 32, without a tube, united at the base. Operculum stout, conico-subulate, half the length of capsule, oblique. Calyptra cucullate.

Hab. Damp rocks, Port Lyttelton hills; October, 1889. Collected by R. B.

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Tortula elliptotheca, sp. nov. Plate XXXV., fig. 4.

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Plants perennial, monœcious, brownish, growing in small pulvinate tufts ¼ in. high. Stem branched near the base. Branches fastigiate. Leaves imbricating all round the stem, erecto-patent, oblong-oval, with a hyaline hair-point, concave. Margins entire. Nerve stout, excurrent. Areola: Upper small, dense; lower oblong; crisp when dry. Perichœtial leaves oblong, subacute, with a hyaline hair-point. Acrocarpous. Fruitstalk 3/16 in. long, pale-brown. Capsule elliptic, short. Operculum stout, oblique, conico-subulate, two-thirds the length of the capsule. Peristome twisted, teeth 32, two and a half times longer than the tube. Calyptra cucullate.

Hab. On damp rocks, Port Lyttelton hills; October, 1889. Collected by R. B.

Tortula oblongifolia, sp. nov. Plate XXXV., fig. 5.

Plants perennial, monœcious, growing in small pulvinate tufts ¼ in. to ½ in. high, brownish-green. Stems branched near the base. Branches fastigiate. Leaves imbricating all round the stem, erecto-patent, slightly recurving, oblong-oval, ending in a hyaline hair-point, concave. Margins entire, plain. Nerve excurrent. Areola: Upper small, dense; lower oblong; crisp when dry. Perichœtial leaves erect, sheathing, similar in outline to the stem ones. Acrocarpous. Fruitstalk ⅜ in. long, reddish. Capsule cylindric. Peristome twisted, teeth 32, two and a half times longer than the tube. Operculum not found. Calyptra cucullate.

Hab. Damp rocks, Port Lyttelton hills; October, 1889. Collected by R. B.

Tortula maudii, sp. nov. Plate XXXVI., fig. 6.

Plants perennial, monœcious, growing in irregular tufts, brownish-green, ¼ in. to ½ in. high. Stem branched near the base. Branches fastigiate. Leaves imbricating all round the stem, erecto-patent, oblong-oval, with a toothed hyaline hair-point, incurving near the apex and very concave, base erect. Margins entire, flat. Nerve excurrent. Areola: Upper dense, subrotund; lower oblong; crisp when dry. Perichœtial leaves erect, sheathing, smaller than the upper ones, innermost smallest, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, with a toothed hyaline hair-point. Acrocarpous. Fruitstalk dark-red, ½ in. long. Capsule large, cylindric, unequal near the base, slightly curved. Peristome twisted, teeth 32, three times longer than the tube. Operculum conico-subulate, nearly one-half the capsule. Calyptra cucullate.

Named after Mrs. Leonard Cockayne.

Hab. In crevices of damp rocks, Port Lyttelton hills; October, 1886. Collected by R. B.

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Tortula binnsii, sp. nov. Plate XXXVI., fig. 7.

Plants perennial, monœcious, growing in small dark patches ¼ in. to ½ in. high. Stems branched. Branches short. Leaves spreading from an erect base, imbricating, oblong-oval, with a hyaline hair-point, minutely papillose, slightly concave. Margins recurved to near the apex. Nerve excurrent. Areola: Upper dense, subrotund; lower oblong near the base; crisp when dry. Perichœtial leaves slightly narrower than the upper ones, otherwise similar to them. Acrocarpous. Fruitstalk ½ in. long, brownish. Capsule cylindric, slightly curved. Peristome twisted, teeth 32, tube very short. Operculum conico-subulate, one-third the length of the capsule, oblique. Calyptra cucullate.

Hab. On damp, banks, near Christchurch; November, 1882. Collected by R. B.

Tortula synecia, sp. nov. Plate XXXVI., fig. 8.

Plants perennial, synœcious, growing in small brownish-green tufts ⅓ in. to ¼ in. high. Stems branched near base. Branches fastigiate. Leaves imbricating all round the stem, erecto-patent, upper and middle ones subspathulate, with a hyaline hair-point, concave. Margins recurved to near the apex. Nerve excurrent. Areola: Upper dense, subrotund; lower oblong; crisp when dry. Perichœtial leaves oblongoval, with a hair-point, erect, sheathing. Acrocarpous. Fruitstalk ¼ in. long, brown. Capsules subcylindric, unequal. Peristome twisted, teeth 32, tube very short. Operculum conico-subulate, about one-half the length of capsule. Calyptra cucullate.

Hab. Damp rocks, Port Lyttelton hills; October, 1892. Collected by R. B.

Tortula panduriforma, sp. nov. Plate XXXVI., fig. 9.

Plants perennial, monœcious, growing in loose patches ¼ in. to ½ in. high, green or brownish. Stems branched near the base. Branches fastigiate. Leaves imbricating all round, erecto-patent, panduriform, with a hyaline hair-point, slightly toothed. Margins entire, recurved at the middle. Nerve stout, excurrent. Areola: Upper dense, lower oblong, crisped when dry. Perichœtial leaves, inner one smallest, otherwise similar to the stem ones. Acrocarpous. Fruitstalk pale-brown, ¼ in. long. Capsule cylindric, straight or curved. Peristome twisted, teeth 32, twice as long as the tube. Operculum stout, half the length of the capsule. Calyptra cucullate.

Hab. On damp rocks, Port Lyttelton hills; October, 1893. Collected by R. B.

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Tortula searlii, sp. nov. Plate XXXVIII., fig. 10.

Plants perennial, monœcious, growing in dense patches from ½ in. to 1 in. high, green above, brown below. Stems branching, fastigiate. Leaves imbricating all round the stem, erecto-patent, subspathulate, with a hyaline toothed hair-point. Margins flat, minutely crenate. Nerve excurrent. Areola: Upper dense, lower oblong. Perichœtial leaves spathulate, with a toothed hyaline hair-point, smaller than the comal ones, inner smallest. Acrocarpous. Fruitstalk yellowish, ⅜ in. long. Capsule more or less curved, cylindric. Peristome twisted, teeth 32, slightly longer than the tube. Operculum conico-subulate, about half the length of the capsule. Calyptra cucullate.

Hab. Damp rocks, Port Lyttelton hills; October, 1893. Collected by R. B.

Tortula bealeyensis, sp. nov. Plate XXXVII., fig. 12.

Plants perennial, monœcious, growing in loose patches 1 in. to 1 ½ in. high, yellowish-green above, brown below. Stems branched, fastigiate. Leaves imbricating all round, spreading, recurving from an erect base, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, with a short hair-point, concave. Margins entire, flat or recurved in the middle. Nerve excurrent. Areola: Upper small, dense; lower oblong; crisp when dry. Perichœtial leaves similar to the upper ones, hair-point longer. Acrocarpous. Fruitstalk reddish, ⅜ in. long. Capsule cylindric, sometimes swollen near the base. Peristome twisted, teeth 32, short, tube twice as long as the teeth. Operculum conico-subulate, about half the length of the capsule. Calyptra cucullate.

Hab. On wet banks, Bruce's Creek, near the Bealey; February, 1889; Otarama, 1895. Collected by R. B.

Tortula gulliverii, sp. nov. Plate XXXVIII., fig. 13.

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Plants perennial, monœcious, growing in small tufts 3/16 in. to ¼ in. high, green. Stems nearly simple. Leaves imbricating all round the stem, erecto-patent, ligulate-acute or rounded into a hyaline hair-point, concave. Margins recurved from near the base unto the apex. Nerve excurrent. Areola: Upper small, dense; lower oblong; incurved when dry. Perichœtial leaves smaller than the comal ones, but otherwise similar. Acrocarpous. Fruitstalk nearly erect, ½ in. long, red. Capsule cylindric, straight or slightly curved. Peristome twisted, teeth divided to the base, 32. Operculum subulate, two-fifths the length of the capsule. Calyptra cucullate.

Hab. On stones, near Greymouth; 1896. Collected by Mr. Gulliver.

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Section B.
(Plants having the leaves acute or acuminate.)

Tortula minuta, sp. nov. Plate XXXVIII., fig. 14.

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Plants perennial, monœcious, growing in small loose patches, dark-green, 1/10 in. high. Leaves imbricating all round the stem, erecto-patent, slightly incurved near the apex; upper ones shortly ovate-lanceolate, acute; middle lanceolate-acute or apiculate, concave. Margins entire. Nerve stout, continued to the apex. Areola: Upper small, dense; lower oblong near the base; appressed when dry. Perichœtial leaves smaller, lanceolate-acute, nerved to the apex. Acrocarpous. Fruitstalk yellowish, 3/16 in. long. Capsule ovate. Peristome twisted, tube extremely short. Operculum stout, oblique, conico-subulate, nearly half the length of the capsule. Calyptra cucullate.

Hab. On damp banks, Port Lyttelton hills; August, 1892. collected by R. B.

Tortula lancifolia, sp. nov. Plate XXXVIII., fig. 15.

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Plants perennial, monœcious, growing in small dark-brown tufts ¼ in. to ½ in. high. Stem branched near the base, fastigiate. Leaves erecto-patent, imbricating all round, oblonglanceolate, acute or ligulate-acute, concave. Margins entire. Nerve continued to the apex. Areola: Upper small, dense; lower oblong near the base; crisp when dry. Perichœtial leaves lanceolate-acute, about the size of the comal ones. Acrocarpous. Fuitstalk 3/16 in. long, reddish-brown. Capsule cylindric, subventricose. Peristome twisted, tube very short. Operculum conico-subulate, half the length of the capsule. Calyptra cucullate.

Hab. On rocks, Port Lyttelton hills; October, 1882. Collected by R. B.

Tortula linearifolia, sp. nov. Plate XXXVIII., fig. 16.

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Plants perennial, monœcious, growing in small dense pulvinate tufts, pale-brown, 3/16 in. to 5/16 in. high. Stems branched, fastigiate. Leaves erecto-patent, imbricating all round the stem, ligulate-acute, concave, deeply towards the apex. Margins entire, with a pellucid border disappearing near the apex. Nerve stout, upper portion minutely toothed, upper half of leaves papillose on the back. Areola: Upper small, dense; lower large, oblong; crisp when dry. Perichœtial leaves smaller than the comal ones, ligulate-acute, very concave at the apex. Acrocarpous. Fruitstalk ¼ in. long, reddish. Capsule elliptic. Operculum conico-subulate, oblique, two-fifths the length of the capsule.

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Hab. On rocks, Port Lyttelton hills; November, 1883. Collected by R. B.

Tortula brevitheca, sp. nov. Plate XXXIX., fig. 17.

Plants perennial, monœcious, dark-green, growing in pulvinate tufts ¼ in. to ½ in. high. Stems branched, short, fastigiate. Leaves erecto-patent, imbricating all round the stem, oblong-lanceolate-acute, base erect, slightly concave. Margins entire. Nerve continued to the apex. Areola: Upper small, dense; lower oblong; crisp when dry. Perichœtial leaves, inner smallest, oblong-lanceolate-acute. Acrocarpous. Fruitstalk ⅛ in. to ¼ in. long, red. Capsule subelliptic. Peristome twisted, teeth about six times longer than the short tube. Operculum subulate, about half the length of the capsule. Calyptra cucullate.

Hab. Limestone rocks, near Castle Hill; January, 1897. Collected by R. B.

Tortula stevensii, sp. nov. Plate XXXIX., fig. 18.

Plants perennial, monœcious, growing in loose patches 1 ½ in. high, brownish - green, subdichotomously branched. Leaves spreading, recurved, imbricating all round the stem, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, base erect, concave. Margins recurved from the base to the middle, entire. Nerve stout, red, excurrent. Areola: Upper small, dense; lower oblong; crisp when dry. Perichœtial leaves small, inner smallest, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. Acrocarpous. Fruitstalk ½ in. long, red. Capsule cylindric, slightly curved. Peristome twisted, teeth four times longer than the tube. Operculum stout, conico-subulate. Calyptra cucullate.

Hab. Damp banks and rocks, Port Lyttelton hills; October, 1893. Collected by R. B.

Tortula bellii, sp. nov. Plate XXXIX., fig. 19.

Plants perennial, monœcious, growing in tufts, yellowishgreen, ¼ in. to ½ in. high. Stems branched, fastigiate. Leaves erecto-patent, imbricating all round the stem, ovate-lanceolate, long acuminate, base erect, concave. Nerve ending near the apex. Margins recurved. Areola: Upper small, dense; lower oblong near the base; very crisp when dry. Perichœtial leaves longer and narrower than the comal ones, inner one narrowest, linear-lanceolate, tapering into a slender point. Acrocarpous. Fruitstalk red, ½ in. long. Capsule cylindric, straight or curved. Peristome twisted, teeth 32, tube very short. Operculum oblique, conico-subulate. Calyptra cucullate.

Hab. Damp banks, Weka Pass; November, 1886. Collected by R. B.

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Tortula dioica, sp. nov. Plate XL., fig. 22.

Plants perennial, diœcious, growing in loose patches, yellowish - brown, 2 in. high. Stems slender, simple or branched slightly. Leaves spreading, recurving from an erect base, imbricating loosely, oblong or narrowly lanceolateacuminate, keeled, concave. Margins toothed towards the apex. Nerve continuous or excurrent. Areola: Upper small, lower oblong, crisp when dry. Perichœtial leaves, inner one smallest, oblong or lanceolate - acuminate. Acrocarpous. Fruitstalk red, 1 in. long. Capsule stout, cylindric. Peristome twisted, teeth one and a half times the length of the tube. Operculum stout, conico-subulate. Calyptra cucullate.

Hab. Damp banks, Craigieburn, West Coast Road; March, 1891. Collected by R. B.

Tortula walkeri, sp. nov. Plate XL., fig. 24.

Plants perennial, monœcious, growing in dense brownish-green patches ½ in. to 1 in. high. Stems branched, short, fastigiate. Leaves erecto-patent, imbricating all round the stem, ovate or oblong-lanceolate, acute, concave. Margins entire. Nerve stout, continued to the apex. Areola: Upper small, dense; lower linear-oblong; crisp when dry. Perichœtial leaves convolute, sheathing, with a short acuminate apex. Acrocarpous. Fruitstalk slender, 1 in. long. Capsule small, elliptic. Peristome twisted, teeth seven times longer than the tube. Operculum subulate, as long as the capsule. Calyptra long and narrow, cucullate.

Hab. On sandy soil near Mason's Bay, Stewart Island. Collected by R. B.

Tortula kowaiensis, sp. nov. Plate XXXVII., fig. 26.

Plants perennial, monœcious, growing in loose patches ½ in. to 1 ½ in. high. Stems scarcely branched. Branches fastigiate. Leaves erecto-patent, imbricating all round the stem, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, erect at the base, middle ones oblong, acute, concave. Margins recurved in the middle of the leaf, upper part flat, entire. Nerve excurrent. Areola: Upper small, dense; lower oblong; crisp when dry. Perichœtial leaves oblong - lanceolate, acuminate. Acrocarpous. Fruitstalk red, ½ in. to 1 in. high. Capsule cylindric, swollen near the base. Peristome twisted, teeth about the same length as the tube. Operculum conico-subulate. Calyptra cucullate.

Hab. Damp rocks near the river-course, Mount Torlesse; January, 1886. Collected by R. B.

Tortula torlessensis, sp. nov. Plate XL., fig. 27.

Plants perennial, monœcious, growing in brownish patches ¼ in. to ½ in. high. Stems branched. Leaves erecto-patent, im-

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bricating all round the stem, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, concave. Margins with a border of yellowish oblong cells, and minutely serrated towards the apex. Nerve stout, excurrent. Areola: Upper small, dense; lower large, oblong; crisp when dry. Perichœtial leaves smaller than the comal ones, the inner smallest, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, acuminate. Acrocarpous. Fruitstalk ½ in. long, reddish. Capsule cylindric, straight or slightly curved. Annulus small, persistent. Peristome twisted, teeth short, 32, tube twice the length of the teeth.

Hab. On damp bank, Mount Torlesse, and near Broken River; March, 1891. Collected by R. B.

Explanation of Plates XXXV.–XL.

Plate XXXV.

Fig. 1. Tortula papillosa, Wills.

1.

Upper leaves.
2.

Middle leaf.
3.

Lower leaf.

Fig. 2. Tortula acuta, sp. nov.

1.

Capsule.
2.

Peristome.
3.

Perichætial leaves.
4.

First leaf outside perichætial.
5.

Upper and middle leaves.

Fig. 3. Tortula pulvinata, sp. nov.

1.

Capsule.
2.

Peristome.
3.

Perichætial leaves.
4.

First leaf outside perichætial.
5.

Upper leaf.

Fig. 4. Tortula elliptotheca, sp. nov.

1.

Capsule.
2.

Peristome.
3.

Perichætial leaves.
4.

First leaf outside perichætial.
5.

Upper leaf.
6.

Middle leaf.

Fig. 5. Tortula oblongifolia, sp. nov.

1.

Capsule.
2.

Perichætial leaves.
3.

Upper leaf.
4.

Middle leaf.

Plate XXXVI.

Fig. 6. Tortula maudii, sp. nov.

1.

Capsule.
2.

Peristome.
3.

Perichætial leaves.
4.

First leaf outside perichætial.
5.

Upper leaf.
6.

Middle leaf.

Fig. 7. Tortula binsii, sp. nov.

1.

Capsule.
2.

Peristome.
3.

Perichætial leaves.
4.

First leaf outside perichætial.
5.

Upper leaf.
6.

Middle leaf.

Fig. 8. Tortula synecia, sp. nov.

1.

Capsule.
2.

Peristome.
3.

Perichætial leaves.
4.

First leaf outside perichætial.
5.

Upper leaf.

Fig. 9. Tortula panduriforma, sp. nov.

1.

Capsule.
2.

Peristome.
3.

Perichætial leaves.
4.

First leaf outside perichætial.
5.

Upper leaf.
6.

Middle leaf.
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Plate XXXVII.

Fig. 11. Tortula muelleri, Br.

1.

Capsule.
2.

Peristome.
3.

Perichætial leaves.
4.

First leaf outside perichætial.
5.

Upper leaf.

Fig. 12. Tortula bealeyensis, sp. nov.

1.

Capsule.
2.

Peristome.
3.

Perichætial leaves.
4.

First leaf outside perichætial.
5.

Upper leaf.
6.

Middle leaf.

Fig. 23. Tortula serrulata, Hook. and Grev.

1.

Capsule.
2.

Perichætial leaves.
3.

First leaf outside perichætial.
4.

Upper stem leaf.
5.

Middle stem leaf.

Fig. 26. Tortula kowaiensis, sp. nov.

1.

Capsule.
2.

Operculum.
3.

Perichætial leaves.
4.

Leaf outside the perichætial, enclosing antheridia.
5.

Upper leaf.

Plate XXXVIII.

Fig. 10. Tortula searlii, sp. nov.

1.

Capsule.
2.

Peristome.
3.

Perichætial leaves.
4.

First leaf outside perichætial.
5.

Upper leaf.
6.

Middle leaf.

Fig. 13. Tortula gulliverii, sp. nov.

1.

Capsule.
2.

Operculum.
3.

Perichætial leaves.
4.

First leaf outside perichætial.
5.

Upper leaf.

Fig. 14. Tortula minuta, sp. nov.

1.

Capsule.
2.

Peristome.
3.

Perichætial leaves.
4.

First leaf outside perichætial.
5.

Upper leaf.
6.

Middle leaves.

Fig. 15. Tortula lancifolia, sp. nov.

1.

Capsule.
2.

Peristome.
3.

Perichætial leaves.
4.

First leaf outside perichætial.
5.

Upper leaf.
6.

Middle leaves.

Fig. 16. Tortula linearifolia, sp. nov.

1.

Capsule.
2.

Perichætial leaves.
3.

First leaf outside perichætial.
4.

Upper leaf.
5.

Middle leaf.

Plate XXXIX.

Fig. 17. Tortula brevitheca, sp. nov.

1.

Capsule.
2.

Operculum.
3.

Perichætial leaves.
4.

First leaf outside perichætial.
5.

Upper leaf.
6.

Middle leaves.

Fig. 18. Tortula stevensii, sp. nov.

1.

Capsule.
2.

Peristome.
3.

Perichætial leaves.
4.

First leaf outside perichætial.
5.

Upper leaf.
6.

Middle leaf.

Fig. 19. Tortula bellii, sp. nov.

1.

Capsule.
2.

Operculum.
3.

Perichætial leaves.
4.

First leaf outside perichætial.
5.

Upper leaf.

Fig. 20. Tortula knightii, Mitten.

1.

Capsule.
2.

Peristome.
3.

Perichætial leaves.
4.

First leaf outside perichætial.
5.

Upper leaf.
6.

Middle leaves.
– 409 –
Plate XL.

Fig. 21. Tortula rubra, Mitten.

1.

Capsule.
2.

Operculum.
3.

Perichætial leaves.
4.

First leaf outside perichætial.
5.

Upper leaf, serration enlarged.

Fig. 22. Tortula dioica, sp. nov.

1.

Capsule.
2.

Peristome.
3.

Perichætial leaves.
4.

First leaf outside perichætial.
5.

Upper leaf.
6.

Middle leaf.

Fig. 24. Tortula walkeri, sp. nov.

1.

Capsule.
2.

Operculum.
3.

Calyptra.
4.

Perichætial leaves.
5.

First leaf outside perichætial.
6.

Upper stem leaves.

Fig. 25. Tortula calycina, Schwægr.

1.

Capsule.
2.

Operculum.
3.

Perichætial leaves.
4.

First leaf outside perichætial.
5.

Upper leaves.
6.

Middle leaf.

Fig. 27. Tortula torlessensis, sp. nov.

1.

Capsule.
2.

Perichætial leaves.
3.

First leaf outside perichætial.
4.

Upper leaf.
5.

Middle leaf.
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