Art. LII.—Revision of the Tertiary Brachiopoda of New Zealand.

By Captain F. W. Hutton, F.R.S.

Terebratula gravida.

T. tayloriana, Colenso, Tasmanian Journ. of Science, 1844 (not of Lea, 1841). Waldheimia gravida, Suess, Reise der “Novara,” Palæ., p. 56, taf. ix., f. 5

“Shell ovate, ventricose, very solid, smooth, concentrically and obsoletely striated, lamellar; margin apparently entire; summit of larger valve much produced, arcuated, subdeflexed, thick, very truncate; perforation large; horn or light mouse-colour. Length, 2½ in.; breadth, 1½ in.” (Colenso.)

The shell is much inflated, the valves nearly equally convex. Beak short, thick, not keeled; the foramen very large; deltidium small, hidden. Commissure even, or slightly sinuated. Interior unknown.

Measurements of the specimens in the Museum: Length, 57–84 mm.; width, 38–70 mm.; thickness, 38–53 mm.

Localities.—Ngapara, near Oamaru; Broken River.

Magellania lenticularis.

T. lenticularis, Deshayes, Mag. Zool., 1841, pl. xii. Waldheimia lenticularis, Adams, Gen. of Recent Moll., ii., 575.

Orbicular, inflated, the commissure nearly straight. Beak small, incurved, laterally keeled; foramen small or moderate; deltidium conspicuous, the internal margins of the two deltidial plates forming a groove.

Magellania lenticularis, var. ovalis. Plate XLV., fig. 2.

Waldheimia ovalis, Hutton, Trans. N.Z. Inst., vol. xviii., p. 335.

More elongated than the typical form.

Length, 44–53 mm.; width, 35–40 mm.; thickness, 21–28 mm.

Locality.—Wanganui (type).

Magellania novara. Plate XLV., fig. 3.

Wald. lenticularis, Suess, Reise der “Novara,” Palæ., p. 56, taf. x., f. 3–4 (not of Deshayes). M. novara, H. v. Jhering, Ann. del Mus. Nac. de Buenos Aires, ix., p. 337 (1903).

Orbicular, rather depressed, valves nearly equally convex, smooth, the greatest breadth rather behind the middle; commissure nearly straight. Beak moderate, laterally keeled; foramen small; deltidium conspicuous, the inner margins of the deltidial plates forming a groove.

Length, 49 mm.; width, 44 mm.; thickness, 25 mm. Interior unknown.

Localities.—Waipara; Weka Pass district.

Distinguished from the last species by being less inflated.

Magellania parki, sp. nov. Plate XLV., fig. 4.

Oval or suborbicular, smooth; valves nearly equal, rather depressed; beak short, sharply keeled laterally; the inner margins of the deltidial plates forming a groove. Ventral valve flattened at the sides. Commissure with a strongly marked downward (ventral) sinuation.

Length, 25–37 mm.; width, 26–29 mm.; thickness, 13–17 mm.

Localities.—Oamaru (type); Waipara.

The septum is thick and less than half the valve. Several specimens connect this with the last species, but the type is very different.

Magellania insolita. Plate XLV., fig. 5.

M. insolita, Tate, Trans. Phil. Soc. Adelaide, 1880, p. 12, pl. ix., fig. 6.

Medium, oval, the greatest breadth before the middle. Smooth except a few growth-lines, moderately convex, commissure nearly straight. Beak slightly incurved, obscurely keeled laterally; foramen complete, round, medium. Deltidium rather small, the two plates not united.

Length, 21–28 mm.; width, 17–24 mm.; thickness, 10–16 mm.

Localities.—Duntroon; Curiosity Shop.

Separated from M. novara by its shape, and from M. lenticularis by being depressed. It is also smaller than either: Doubtfully identified, as Professor Tate's description is insufficient, and I have no Australian specimens.

Magellania sufflata. Plate XLVI., fig. 1.

Wald. sufflata, Tate, Trans. Phil. Soc. of Adelaide, 1880, p. 18, pl. vii., fig. 3, and pl. viii., fig 4.

“Shell subovate, greatest width about the middle; lateral margins convex in the middle, becoming straight or slightly bisinuated (rarely biplicate) towards the narrow rounded front. Test thick, surface smooth, with numerous moderately strong lines of growth. Shell-structure minutely and closely punctate as viewed under a lens. Peduncular valve very convex in a longitudinal direction, and regularly convex transversely. Beak strongly incurved, slender; foramen minute. Deltidium of one piece, broadly triangular and deeply concave. Brachial valve very convex, faintly impressed or flattened medially, becoming gradually depressed in the middle towards the somewhat narrowed front. Septum a little less than half the length of the valve. Loop unknown.” (Tate.)

The following are the dimensions of two New Zealand specimens. Length, 76–81 mm.; width, 53–63 mm.; thickness, 46–50 mm

Locality.—Weka Pass district.

Distinguished by its strongly incurved beak with minute foramen, and deltidium of a single piece. The beak is slightly keeled. Terebratella venter, Jhering, from the Miocene beds of Santa Cruz in Patagonia, is an allied form.

Magellania triangularis.

Wald. triangularis, Hutton, Cat. Tertiary Moll. of N.Z., p. 36. T. angulare, Hector, Outlines of Geol. of N.Z., p. 54, fig. 11.

Shell orbicular, smooth, inequivalve. Ventral valve with the sides more or less flattened. Anterior margin of the commissure with a broad downward (ventral) sinuosity. Beak much incurved, the former small. Deltidium small, almost hidden, of one piece; the beak slightly keeled.

Length, 51–53 mm.; width, 48 mm.; thickness, 29–32 mm.

Locality.—Waitaki Valley.

Distinguished from the last species by the flattened sides of the ventral valve and being less inflated. It differs from M. corioensis, McCoy, in the greater relative breadth and in the flatter dorsal valve.

Terebratella sanguinea.

T. sanguinea, Leach, Zool. Misc. p. 76. T. cruenta, Dillwyn; Reeve, Conch. Icon, fig. 20.

Ventricose, ornamented with radiating dichotomous ribs; about 25–30 in the centre of each valve in the adult. Margins crenulated; dorsal valve with a central longitudinal depression. Beak somewhat produced, laterally keeled. Foramen large, complete; deltidium large.

Length, 38 mm.; width, 38 mm.; thickness, 25 mm.

Localities.—Wanganui; Kakanui (?), small specimen.

Terebratella novæ-zealandiæ.

T. dorsata, Suess, Reise der “Novara,” Palæ., p. 57, taf. xiv., fig. 5 (not of Gmelin). T. novæ-zelandiæ, H. v. Jhering, Ann. Mus. Nac. de Buenos Aires, ix., p. 328, 1903.

This species is not represented in the Museum collection.

Terebratella radiata. Plate XLVI., fig. 2.

T. radiata, Hutton, Trans. N.Z. Inst. xix., p. 406 (1887).

Broadly ovate, with a deep ventral ridge and dorsal sinus. Surface with strong radiating ribs, about 18 on the ventral

valve, of which 4 or 5 are on the ridge; imbricated with coarse growth-lines. Punctuations fine, rather distant from each other. Beak prominent, acute; foramen subtriangular; the deltidial plates disunited.

Length, 13 mm.; width, 12 mm.; thickness, 8–10 mm.

Locality.—Broken River (type).

Distinguished from the last species by its strong rough ribs and more acute beak, as well as by the deeper sinus on the dorsal valve. Its general appearance is much like a Rhynchonella.

Terebratella rubicunda.

T. rubicunda, Solander, MS., Donovan, Nat. Rep., p. 56, figs. 2–5. T. sanguinea, Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. “Astrolabe,” Zool. iii., p. 556, pl. 85, figs. 6–7 (not of Leach).

“Shell somewhat triangularly ovate; beak tumidly produced, deltidium divided. Valves gibbous, flexuosely channelled in the middle.” (Roeve.)

Length, 19mm.; width, 18mm.; thickness, 10mm.

Locality.—Wanganui.

Recognised by its well-marked anterior sinuation.

Terebratella furculifera.

T. furculifera, Tate, Trans. Phil. Soc. Adelaide, 1880, p. 22, pl. xi., fig. 7.

Shell small, suborbicular, smooth, rather longer than wide rather depressed, valves equally convex, commissure nearly straight. Beak short, not much incurved, obtusely keeled. Foramen small, incomplete; deltidial plates well marked, disunited. Septum less than half the length of the valve.

Length, 16mm.; width, 13mm.; thickness, 8mm.

Localities.—Curiosity Shop; Weka Pass district.

I have compared New Zealand with Australian specimens, and can find no difference of sufficient importance to separate them.

Terebratella sinuata.

Wald. sinuata, Hutton, Cat. Tertiary Moll. of N.Z., p. 36.

Shell orbicular-trigonal, smooth, valves unequal; beak beak short, deltidium hidden. Ventral valve with a broad marginal sinus; dorsal valve convex, margin much sinuated.

Length, 25 mm.; width, 26 mm.; thickness, 13 mm.

Not represented in the collection in Canterbury Museum.

Like the last species in general shape, but distinguished from it by the flatness of the ventral valve, which is not so convex as the dorsal valve.

Terebratella neglecta, sp. nov. Plate XLVI., fig. 3.

T. aldingæ, Hutton, Trans. N.Z. Inst., xix., p. 406 (not of Tate).

Shell small, ovate, the greatest breadth usually before the middle, smooth, rather depressed; dorsal valve but slightly convex; commissure straight. Beak moderate, not much incurved, without lateral keels. Foramen moderate, complete, round; deltidium small, almost hidden, but solid. Interior unknown.

Length, 12 mm.; width, 9 mm.; thickness, 6 mm.

Locality.—Curiosity Shop (type).

I formerly confused this with T. aldingæ of Tate, but after comparison with specimens of that species, kindly sent me by Professor Tato, I find that it is narrower, and that the beak is not so much produced.

Terebratella kakanuiensis, sp. nov.

Small, ovate, the sides nearly straight, smooth, rather inflated. Both valves considerably curved longitudinally. Commissure straight. Beak moderate, incurved, not laterally keeled. Foramen moderate; deltidium hidden. Interior unknown.

Length, 10mm.; width, 8mm.; thickness, 6mm.

Locality.—Kakanui (type).

Distinguished by its inflated form and much incurved beak.

Terebratella gaulteri. Plate XLVI., figs. 4 and 5.

T. gaulteri, Morris, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vi., p. 329.

“Shell subtriangular, smooth, both valves nearly equal and rather depressed; lateral margins sinuous; ventral valve with an acute and slightly recurved beak, the foramen below it; the anterior margin with a broad sinus, producing a corresponding arched elevation in the smaller valvo.” (Morris.)

Length, 21 mm.; width, 20mm.; thickness, 10mm.

Ovato-trigonal, greatest breadth before the middle. Commissure with a strong upward (dorsal) sinuation at the anterior end. Beak very small, slightly keeled; foramen minute; deltidium obscure. Interior unknown.

Locality.—Curiosity Shop; Cobden limestone.

Easily recognised by its small beak and the upward anterior sinuation.

_{Terebratella oamarutica}.

T. oamarutica, Boehm, Zeitsch. d. Deutsch Geol. Ges. 1904, p. 149, pl. xv., f. 9

Described from the loop only.

_{Bouchardia tapirina}. Plate XLVI., fig. 6.

Wald. tapirma, Hutton, Cat. Tertiary Moll. of N.Z., p. 36.

Wald. sp., Hector, Outlines of Geol. of N.Z., p. 56, f. 8.

Shell suborbicular, smooth; valves depressed, nearly equally convex. Beak produced, slightly curved, laterally keeled. Foramen minute; deltidial area large and solid. Interior unknown.

Length, 22–40 mm.; width, 20–36 mm.; thickness, 13–16 mm.

Localities.—Mount Somers limestone; Curiosity Shop; Oamaru.

B. zittelli, Jhering, from Santa Cruz in Patagonia, differs in having a well-marked anterior sinuation.

Bouchardia rhizoida, sp. nov. Plate XLVI., fig. 7.

Shell ovato-pentagonal or oval, longer than wide, smooth. Dorsal valve more inflated posteriorly than the ventral, but anteriorly they are equally flattened. Commissure nearly straight. Beak much produced, slightly incurved, laterally keeled; foramen small; deltidium large, triangular, solid. Interior unknown.

Length, 32–44 mm.; width, 24–32 mm.; thickness, 17–23 mm.

Localities.—Weka Pass district (type); Oamaru.

Distinguished from the last species by its shape and greater thickness.

Rhynchonella nigricans.

R. nigricans, Sowerby, Davidson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, abstr., p. 7, pl. i., figs. 30, 31; Suess, Reise der “Novara,” Palæ., p. 60, taf. xiv., fig. 4.

Shell thin, wider than long, but very irregular in shape; margin crenulated, commissure sinuated. Longitudinal ribs about 20–25 in each valve.

Length, 19 mm.; width, 21 mm.; thickness, 10 mm.

Localities.—Wanganui; Curiosity Shop.

Rhynchonella squamosa.

R. squamosa, Hutton, Cat. Tertiary Moll. of N.Z., p. 37; Tate, Phil. Soc. Adelaide, 1880, p. 27, pl. ix., fig. 9. R. nigicrans, var. pixydata, Davidson, “Challenger Reports,” vol. i., p. 59, pl. iv., f. 14.

Shell irregular, more or less orbicular, generally transverse. Valves unequal, the ventral flatter and with a deep sinus; dorsal valve very convex; both with fine radiating scaly striæ.