
Art. XLV. —Dates on which Introduced Birds have been liberated, or have appeared, in different Districts of New Zealand.
[Read before the Philosophical Institute of Canterbury, Ist December, 1908.]
The following list has been prepared mainly from information supplied by means of a circular which I drafted two years ago, and which Mr. T. W. Kirk, F.L.S., Government Biologist, kindly issued for me through his Department. Copies of the circular were sent throughout the whole of this colony. The list of introduced birds, however, is not complete, as few records in regard to the introduction of small birds into New Zealand

have been kept. In some of the items in the list the dates are only approximate. The list must not be accepted as a record of all the birds introduced into the colony. There are several birds whose introduction has not been recorded. Some of those liberated have not succeeded in establishing themselves. The list, therefore, must be taken as a contribution to the subject, rather than as a full and comprehensive table. I have adopted the plan of giving the popular and scientific name of the bird, the name of the districts in which it is found, and the year in which it was liberated, or made its first appearance. The names of the districts are arranged in alphabetical order:—
Sparrow (Passer domesticus).—Auckland, 1867; Bay of Islands, 1872; Christchurch, 1867; Carnarvon, 1880; Cape Egmont, 1875; Dunedin, 1868; Glorit, Kaipara Estuary, 1893; Hawke's Bay, about 1870; Havelock North, about 1890; Hokianga, 1869; Kaukapakapa, Auckland North, 1875; Kawau Island, 1873; Kimbolton, about 1885; Komako, Upper Pohangina, 1895; Marton, 1869; Mackenzie Country, South Canterbury, 1870; Makuri, about 1895; Mangatawhiri Valley, about 1880; Mangonui County, North Cape, 1875; Mercury Bay, 1872; Motu. Poverty Bay, about 1888; New Plymouth, 1872; Ngatimaru Survey District, 1895; Opotiki, 1877; Otepopo Survey District, about 1875; Parua Bay, Whangarei, before 1885; Patutahi, Poverty Bay, about 1885; Prebbleton, Canterbury, about 1875; Raglan, about 1865; Remuera, 1869; Rongomai, Eketahuna, 1890; Streamlands, Rodney, 1873; Thames, 1872; Tauranga, 1874; Upper Wangaetu, Wairarapa, 1895; Waikouaiti, Otago, about 1885; Wairere, Wairarapa North, about 1885; Wairio, about 1885; Waitara West Road District, about 1885; Waituna, 1892; Wangannui, 1866; Waverley, 1875; Weber County, Hawke's Bay, 1893; West Takaka, Nelson, 1875; Woodside, West Taieri, 1875; Wyndham, 1875.
Hedge— sparrow (Accentor modularis). — Auckland, 1867; Christchurch, 1867; Dunedin, 1868; Marton, 1875; Motu, Poverty Bay, 1890; Woodside, West Oxford, 1875.
Song—thrush (Turdus musicus).—Auckland, about 1865; Awakino, South Auckland, 1890; Bay of Islands, 1880; Cape Egmont, 1880; Carnarvon, about 1890; Castle Point, 1889; Christchurch, 1866; Dunedin, 1865 (two), 1867 (four), 1868 (forty-nine), 1889 (eighty-four); Havelock North, 1895; Hawke's Bay, 1870; Hokianga, 1885; Kaitaia, 1887; Kaukapakapa, 1880; Kimbolton, 1898; Komako, Upper Pohangina, before 1890; Mackenzie Country, 1875; Makuri, 1896; Mangahao, 1899; Mangonui, 1885; Mangatawhiri Valley, 1885; Marton, 1895; Motu, Poverty Bay, 1890; Ngatimaru Survey

District, 1898; Opotiki, 1899; Otepopo, 1875; Parua Bay, Whangarei, 1889; Pukekohu, Manakau, 1893; Patutahi, Poverty Bay, 1890; Rongomai, 1900; Streamlands, Rodney, 1880; South Hillend, 1895; Upper Wangaetu, 1903; Taranaki, 1868; Te Rangitumau, 1895; Waiapu, East Coast, 1900; Waikouaiti, Otago, 1885; Wairio, 1895; Waituna, 1890; Waverley, 1893; Weber County, Hawke's Bay, 1897; Whareama, Masterton, 1891; West Oxford, North Canterbury, 1892; West Takaka, Nelson, 1870; Woodside, West Taieri, about 1875.
Blackbird (Turdus merula).—Auckland, 1867; Bay of Islands, 1885; Cape Egmont, 1880; Castle Point, 1890; Christchurch, 1866; Dunedin, 1865 (two), 1867 (six), 1868 (thirty-nine), 1869 (twenty-one); Gisborne, Poverty Bay, 1878; Glorit, Kaipara Estuary, 1893; Hamilton, 1878; Hawke's Bay (Tutira), 1889; Hororata, Canterbury, about 1882; Havelock North, 1895; Hokianga, 1885; Kaitaia, 1887; Kaukapakapa, 1885; Komako, Upper Pohangina, before 1890; Kimbolton, 1898; Mackenzie Country, 1875; Makuri, 1896; Mangahao, Pahiatua, 1903; Mangonui, 1880; Mangatawhiri Valley, 1880; Marton, 1895; Motu, Poverty Bay, 1890; Ngatimaru Survey District, 1898; Opotiki, 1899; Otepopo, 1875; Parua Bay, Whangarei, 1901; Pukekohu, 1890; Rongomai, 1900; South Hillend, 1895; Streamlands, Rodney, 1880; Takapuna, 1872; Taranaki, 1868; Te Rangitumau, 1895; Upper Wangaetu, 1903; Waiapu, East Coast, 1900; Waikato, 1874; Waikouaiti, about 1885; Wairio, 1895; Waituna, 1891; Waverley, 1893; Weber County, Hawke's Bay, 1896; West Oxford, North Canterbury, 1880; West Takaka, Nelson, 1875; Whareama, 1891; Woodside, West Taieri, 1875.
Greenfinch (Ligurinus chloris).—Auckland, 1867; Cape Egmont, about 1887; Christchurch, 1866; Dunedin, 1868 (eight); Epsom, 1868; Havelock, about 1895; Kaitaia, about 1887; Kimbolton, about 1898; Marton, 1885; Mangatawhiri Valley, about 1885; Mackenzie Country, South Canterbury, about 1870; Opotiki, about 1883; Parua Bay, before 1885; Poverty Bay, 1876; Pukekohu, about 1895; Tauranga, 1876; Te Rangitumau, 1892; Waiapu, 1876; Waikato, 1876; Waikouaiti, Otago, about 1885; Waverley, 1885; West Oxford, North Canterbury, 1890; West Takaka, Nelson, about 1875; Whareama, 1893; Woodside, West Taieri, 1875.
Chaffinch (Fringilla cœlebs). — Auckland, 1867; Bay of Islands, 1876; Cape Egmont, 1888; Castle Point, 1900; Christchurch, 1867; Dunedin, 1868 (twenty-seven), and 1869 (six); Hawke's Bay (Tutira), 1902; Havelock North, 1895; Kaukapakapa, 1885; Kimbolton, 1878; Komako, 1899; Mac-

kenzie Country, South Canterbury, 1870; Mongonui, 1868; Motu, 1890; Ngatimaru Survey District, 1897; Pukekohu, 1895; Tauranga, 1876; Waituna, 1895; Waverley, 1893; Weber County, Hawke's Bay, 1902; West Oxford, North Canterbury, 1890; West Takaka, Nelson, about 1875; Woodside, West Taieri, 1875.
Goldfinch (Carduelis elegans).—Auckland, 1867; Bay of Islands, 1895; Cape Egmont, about 1888; Carnarvon, about 1890; Castle Point, 1886; Christchurch, 1866; Dunedin, 1867 (three), 1868 (thirty), 1869 (fifty-four); Glorit, Kaipara Estuary, 1897; Hawke's Bay, 1875; Havelock North, 1895; Hokianga, 1892; Kaitaia, 1887; Kaukapakapa, 1885; Kawau Island, 1876; Kimbolton, 1898; Komako, 1895; Makuri, between 1895 and 1898; Mangatawhiri Valley, 1885; Mangonui, 1880; Marton, 1885; Mackenzie Country, South Canterbury, 1875; Motu, Poverty Bay, 1890; Ngatimaru Survey District, 1897; Otepopo Survey District, 1875; Parua Bay, 1889; Pukekohu, 1887; Rongomai, 1898; Thames, 1876; Tauranga, 1876; Te Rangitumau, 1885; Waikato, 1876; Waikouaiti, about 1885; Waituna, before 1892; Waverley, 1889; Weber County, 1894; West Oxford, North Canterbury, 1880; West Takaka, Nelson, 1875; Whareama, 1893; Woodside, West Taieri, 1875; Wyndham, 1875.
Redpoll (Linota rufescens).—Auckland, 1872; Christchurch, 1868; Dunedin, 1868 (ten); Hawke's Bay (Tutira), 1902; Mackenzie Country, South Canterbury, 1875; Waikato, 1873; West Oxford, North Canterbury, 1890; Whareama, 1893; Woodside, West Taieri, 1875.
Yellow-hammer (Emberiza citrinella).—Auckland, 1867; Bay of Islands, 1880; Cape Egmont, 1888; Castle Point, 1884; Carnarvon, 1890; Dunedin, 1868 (eight); Hawke's Bay, about 1875; Havelock North, 1895; Hokianga, 1890; Kaukapakapa, 1885; Kimbolton, 1898; Komako, 1895; Mangatawhiri Valley, 1885; Mangonui, 1885; Makuri, between 1895 and 1898; Marton, 1887; Matakohe, 1873; Mackenzie Country, South Canterbury, 1870; Motu, Poverty Bay, 1890; Ngatimaru Survey District, 1897; Opotiki, 1883; Parua Bay, before 1885; Rongomai, 1898; Upper Wangaetu, 1895; Waituna, 1892; Waverley, about 1883; Weber County, Hawke's Bay, 1890; West Oxford, North Canterbury, 1890; West Takaka, Nelson, about 1875; Whareama, 1893.
Cirl-bunting (Emberiza cirlus).—Dunedin, 1870 (seven); Mackenzie Country, South Canterbury, 1875.
Starling (Sternus vulgaris).—Auckland, 1867; Awakino, 1887; Bay of Islands, 1885; Cambridge, 1878; Carnarvon, 1897; Castle Point, 1898; Christchurch, 1867; Coromandel,

1869; Dunedin, 1867 (three), 1868 (eighty-one), 1869 (eighty-five); Epsom, 1868; Glorit, 1895; Hamilton, 1878; Hangaroa, 1902; Hawke's Bay, 1870; Havelock North, 1895; Hokianga, 1869; Hororata, Canterbury, 1885; Kaukapakapa, 1880; Kawau Island, 1874; Kimbolton, 1898; Komako, 1890; Makuri, between 1895 and 1898; Mangare, 1869; Mangonui, 1890; Mongonui, 1868; Mangatawhiri Valley, 1878; Marton, 1895; Mackenzie Country, South Canterbury, 1875; New Plymouth, 1872; Motu, Poverty Bay, 1890; Napier, Hawke's Bay, 1876; Ngatimaru Survey District, 1900; Opotiki, 1880; Otepopo Survey District, 1875; Parua Bay, 1895; Pahiatua, 1900; Piako, 1878; Poverty Bay, 1874; Pukekohu, 1882; Rongomai, 1898; Upper Wangaetu, 1901; Taranaki, 1876; Te Rangitumau, 1887; Tauranga, 1874; Thames, 1872; Waikato, 1874; Waikouaiti, about 1885; Waikato, 1876; Waituna, 1890; Waverley, 1883; Weber County, Hawke's Bay, 1894; West Oxford, North Canterbury, 1892; West Takaka, Nelson, 1875; Whareama, 1895; Woodside, West Taieri, 1875; Wyndham, 1875.
House-mynah (Acridotheres tristis).—Awakino, South Auckland, about 1893; Brightwater, Nelson, 1880; Cape Egmont, about 1882; Carnarvon, about 1893; Christchurch, 1879; Dunedin, 1875; Havelock North, about 1885; Hawke's Bay, 1877; Kimbolton, about 1902; Marton, 1895; Motu, Poverty Bay, about 1890; Ngatimaru Survey District, 1895; Patutahi, Poverty Bay, about 1890; Rongomai, 1900; Te Rangitumau, 1895; Upper Wangaetu, 1900; Waituna, 1899; Waiapu, 1889; Waikouaiti, about 1885; Waverley, about 1883; Weber County, Hawke's Bay, about 1896.
Rook (Corvus frugilegus).—Auckland, 1870; Christchurch, 1868.
Australian Magpie (Gymnorhina leuconota). — Auckland, 1867; Bay of Islands, about 1880; Carnarvon, about 1900; Christchurch, 1868; Dunedin, 1865 (three), 1866 (twenty), 1867 (thirty-two), 1868 (twenty), 1869 (six); Epsom, 1868; Glorit, Kaipara Estuary, about 1897; Havelock North, 1880; Kaukapakapa, Auckland North, 1885; Kimbolton, about 1902; Komako, 1902; Marton, 1887; Motu, Poverty Bay, about 1890; Upper Wangaetu, 1901.
Skylark (Alauda arvensis).—Aramoho, Waitotara, about 1885; Auckland, 1867; Awakino, 1880; Bay of Islands, 1880; Castle Point, 1879; Christchurch, 1867; Dunedin, 1867 (four), 1868 (thirty-five), 1869 (sixty-one); Epsom, 1868; Glorit, Kaipara Estuary, about 1897; Hawke's Bay, 1870; Hokianga, 1890; Hororata, Canterbury, 1872; Havelock North, 1890; Kaukapakapa, Auckland North, 1880; Kimbolton, 1885; Komako, 1895; Lower Rangitikei, 1875; Makuri, 1895; Mangata-

whiri Valley, 1880; Mangonui, 1890; Marton, 1875; Mackenzie Country, South Canterbury, 1870; Motu, Poverty Bay, 1890; Ngatimaru Survey District, 1900; Opotiki, 1899; Otepopo Survey District, 1875; Parua Bay, Whangarei, 1882; Pukekohu, 1878; Rongomai, 1894; Tuapeka West, 1880; Upper Wangaetu, 1904; Waikouaiti, about 1880; Waitara West Road District, 1875; Waverley, 1885; Weber County, Hawke's Bay, 1894; Woodside, West Taieri, 1875.
The following are other birds, some of which have failed to become acclimatised:—
White Swan (Cygnus olor).—Auckland, 1867; Christchurch, 1866; Dunedin, 1868 (three), 1869 (one); Takapuna Lake, 1874.
Black Swan (Cygnus atratus).—Auckland, 1867; Christchurch, 1866; Kaitangata Lake (near Dunedin), 1860 to 1870; Poverty Bay, 1895.
Swamp Quail (Synœcus australis).—Auckland, 1867; Chrischurch, 1866; Green Island, near Dunedin, 1868 and 1870.
Californian Quail (Callipepla californica).—Auckland, 1867; Bay of Islands, 1885; Christchurch, 1866; Dunedin, 1868 and 1871; Nelson, 1868; Ohinemuri, 1876; Poverty Bay, 1868; Waikato, 1868.
Common Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus).—Auckland, 1867; Bay of Islands, 1875; Christchurch, 1866; Dunedin, 1865 to 1874; Poverty Bay, 1875; Tauranga, 1868; Tolago Bay, 1869.
Lapwing (Vanellus cristatus).—Auckland, 1870; Westland, 1904.
Grey Linnet (Linota cannabina).—Auckland, 1867; Dunedin, 1867-68.
Pee-wee, Mud-lark, or Magpie-lark (Grallina picata).—Auckland, 1900; Hawke's Bay, 1900; Wellington, 1900; West Coast, North Island, 1897.
Robin Redbreast (Erithæcus rubecula).—Auckland, 1872 (three); Christchurch, 1879.
Nightingale (Danlius luscinia).—Christchurch, 1879.
Siskin (Carduelis spinus).—Christchurch, 1899.
Java Sparrow (Munia oryzivora).—Auckland, 1867; Christchurch, 1867.
