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Art. XXII.—Some Hitherto-unrecorded Plant-habitats (VI).
[Read before the Philosophical Institute of Canterbury, 7the December, 1910.]
A Number of the following records are from Westland, the flora of which district is probably less known than that of any other part of the New Zealand biological region. A number of quite common species are noted from Mount Greenland, as it seems well to give some idea of the florula of a comparatively low mountain (904 m.) situated only a few miles from the coast. It is clad with dense forest, except near the flattish summit, where there is a small patch of grass land and scattered shrubs.
To Messrs. Johannes C. Andersen, H. Hamilton, D. L. Poppelwell, W. Willcox, and W. Wilson I tender my hearty thanks for many specimens, some of which are recorded below.
Abrotanella linearis Bergg.
South Island: Westland—Mount Greenland, near summit, in boggy ground. L. C.
Apium prostratum Labill.
South Island: Nelson—Near Westport, in salt meadow. L. C.
Ascarina lucida Hook. f.
South Island: Westland—An extremely common member of the low land taxad forest of northern and central Westland, ascending probably to about 180 m. L. C.
Carmichaelia grandiflora Hook. f.
South Island: Westland—Common on lowland river-beds, and attaining a great size. L.C.
Carpha alpina R. Br.
South Island: Westland—Mount Greenland, in boggy ground near the summit. L. C.
Celmisia Armstrongii Petrie.
South Island: Westland—Mount Willberg, subalpine. P. Hende!
Celmisia coriacea (Forst. f.) Hook. f.
South Island: Westland—Styx Saddle, at 760 m. and upwards. H. Hamilton.
Celmisia incana Hook. f. var. petiolata T. Kirk.
South Island: Westland—Mount Greenland, near summit. L. C.
I think it would be better to unite this widely spread form with C. discolor, or to constitute it a species, restricting C. incana to the series of forms with lax, soft, snow-white tomentum on both sides of the leaf.
Celmisia longifolia Cass. var. alpina T. Kirk.
South Island: Westland—Mount Greenland, in boggy ground near the summit. L. C.
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Coprosma rigida Cheesem.
South Island: (1) Nelson—Common in swampy forest in vicinity of Westport; L. C. (2) Westland—Common in similar situations; L. C.
Coprosma Banksii Petrie.
South Island: Westland—Mount Greenland, in subalpine scrub. L. C.
Coprosma Colensoi Hook. f.
South Island: Westland—Mount Greenland, in subalpine scrub. L. C.
Coprosma cuneata Hook. f.
South Island: Westland—Mount Greenland, in subalpine scrub. L. C.
Coprosma rugosa Cheesem.
South Island: Westland—Common on lowland river-bed. L. C.
Cordyline indivisa (Forst. f.) Steud.
South Island: Westland—Mount Greenland. L. C.
This is probably the so-called nikau-palm of the district.
Cyathea Cunninghamii Hook. f.
South Island: Westland—Hende's Ferry, in shady gullies at base of the Willberg Range. L. C.
Cyathea medullaris (Forst. f.) Sw.
South Island: Westland—Neighbourhood of Hende's Ferry. P. Hende!
According to the late Mr. J. G. Roberts, it occurred only on sea-coast slopes from Pakorari to Teremakau, and from Paringa to the Cascade River (“Forestry in New Zealand,” p. 57, 1909).
Dacrydium Bidwillii Hook. f.
South Island: Nelson—Mount Rochfort. L. C.
Dacrydium biforme (Hook.) Pilger.
South Island: Westland—Mount Greenland, in the subalpine scrub. L. C.
Dacrydium laxifolium Hook. f.
South Island: Nelson—Mount Rochfort. L. C.
Discaria toumatou Raoul.
South Island: Westland—Wataroa. W. Wilson.
Mr. Wilson, District Surveyor, informs me that he has observed this species in only the one locality in Westland, and that he is of opinion it has been introduced from Canterbury by travelling stock. Roberts (loc. cit., p. 57) states that the shrub has been found in only one or two places in Westland, and always as an isolated plant, but never in mass.
Dodonaea viscosa Jacq.
South Island: Westland—North of Greymouth, on gravelly beach. L. C.
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Donatia novae-zelandiae Hook. f.
South Island: Westland—Mount Greenland, in boggy ground near summit. L. C.
Dracophyllum Traversii Hook. f.
South Island: Westland—Mount Greenland, in subalpine scrub. L. C.
Although not many actual records are available, this tree appears to be very common in the subalpine belt of Westland, while at the Franz Josef Glacier it descends to less than 300 m.
Drosera arcturi Hook.
South Island: Westland—Mount Greenland, in boggy ground near the summit. L. C.
Drosera spathulata Labill.
South Island: Westland—Mount Greenland, in bog near the summit. L. C.
Elaeocarpus Hookerianus Raoul.
South Island: Westland—From lowland to subalpine belts, where it is common on Mount Greenland. L. C.
Evidently not a common tree in Westland, as it is not mentioned in Roberts's paper.
Exocarpus Bidwillii Hook. f.
South Island: Canterbury—Puketeraki Mountains, at about 600 m. L. C.
Freycinetia Banksii A. Cunn.
South Island: Westland—Common as liane of the lowland forest, and as creeping plant on rocks near high water. L. C.
Gahnia procera Forst.
South Island: Westland—Mount Greenland, in upper forest and subalpine scrub. L. C.
Gaimardia ciliata Hook. f.
South Island: Westland—Mount Greenland, in bog near summit. L. C.
Gaultheria perplexa T. Kirk.
South Island: (1) Nelson—Reefton; L. C. (2) Otago—Dunedin, open ground on Signal Hill; L. C.
Griselinia lucida Forst. f.
South Island: Westland—Epiphytic on various trees in the low forest close to sea between Greymouth and Kumara. L. C.
Hoheria sexstylosa Colenso.
South Island: Nelson—Vicinity of Westport. L. C.
This is probably Hoheria populnea A. Cunn. var. angustifolia Hook. f. of Townson's list of Westport plants (Trans. N.Z. Inst., vol. 39, p. 406, 1907). It extends southwards to Greymouth, but I have not noted it south of the Teremakau Valley in Westland.
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Lycopodium varium R. Br.
South Island: Nelson—Charleston, near sea. L. C.
Mariscus ustulatus (A. Rich.) C. B. Clarke.
South Island: Westland—Gravelly beach between Greymouth and Kumara. L. C.
Melicytus lanceolatus Hook. f.
South Island: Canterbury—Mount Peel, in forest. L. C.
Metrosideros Colensoi Hook. f.
South Island: Nelson—Between Westport and Charleston. L. C.
Metrosideros florida (Forst. f.) Sm.
South Island: Westland—Lowland forest; common as far south as the Waiho River, and perhaps further. L. C.
Myosotis Goyeni Petrie.
South Island: Otago—Queenstown, on rocks near the cemetery. W. Willcox!
Nothofagus apiculata (Colenso) Cockayne comb. nov. = Fagus apiculata Col. in Trans. N.Z. Inst., vol. 16, p. 335, 1884.
South Island: Marlborough—Mount Fyffe, Seaward Kaikoura Mountains, 150 m. altitude, growing in company with N. fusca. W. M. Goodall!
The specimens were not in flower, but they correspond to the description in Cheeseman's Flora, except that the leaves generally are less than ¾ in., and the pubescence on the branchlets is very scanty.
Nothofagus Blairii (T. Kirk) Cockayne comb. nov. = Fagus Blairii T. Kirk in Trans. N.Z. Inst., vol. 17, p. 297, 1885.
South Island: Marlborough—Mount Fyffe, Seaward Kaikoura Mountains, about 150 m. altitude. W. M. Goodall!
The specimens bore a few damaged male flowers. As far as I could make out, they are in pairs upon a short common peduncle, the perianth is 4-toothed, and the stamens vary from 8 to 14; but the material was insufficient for an accurate description.
Nothofagus cliffortioides (Hook. f.) Oerst.
South Island: Nelson—Charleston, close to sea, where exposed to full force of wind. L. C.
Nothofagus Menziesii (Hook. f.) Oerst.
South Island: Westland—Near River Paringa. W. Wilson!
Nothopanax anomalum (Hook.) Seem.
South Island: Nelson—Buller Gorge and neighbourhood. L. C.
Olearia Colensoi Hook. f.
South Island: Westland—Mount Greenland, in subalpine scrub. L. C.
Olearia ilicifolia Hook. f.
South Island: Westland—Lowland river-beds; common. L. C.
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Olearia lacunosa Hook. f.
South Island: Westland—Mount Greenland, in subalpine scrub; not abundant. L. C.
Olearia lineata (T. Kirk) Cockayne sp. nov.=O. virgata Hook. f. var. lineata T. Kirk in “The Students' Flora of New Zealand,” p. 276, 1899.
South Island: Westland—Near River Wanganui. W. Wilson!
Olearia mollis (T. Kirk) Cockayne sp. nov. = O. ilicifolia Hook. f. var. mollis T. Kirk in “The Students' Flora of New Zealand,” p. 269, 1899.
South Island: Westland—Head of Otira Gorge, in the low forest. L. C. If it be right to separate O. ilicifolia and O. macrodonta although their inflorescences and heads are virtually identical—and in so doing there is the authority of Hooker, Kirk, and Cheeseman—then the variety mollis of O. ilicifolia may be equally considered a valid species. The differences between the two plants are sufficiently noted by Cheeseman (Manual, p. 286).
Olearia moschata Hook. f.
South Island: Westland—Balfour, Fox, and Karangarua Rivers, in sublapine scrub. C. E. Douglas!
This is the “incense-plant” of Roberts (loc. cit., p. 58) and of various reports on survey of Westland.
Oreobolus pectinatus Hook. f.
South Island: Nelson—Charleston, near sea. L. C.
Oreobolus strictus Berggr.
South Island: Westland—Mount Greenland, in boggy ground near the summit. L. C.
Ourisia glandulosa Hook. f.
South Island: Otago—Ben Lomond, 1,500 m. altitude. W. Willcox!
Ourisia macrophylla Hook.?
South Island: Nelson—Vicinity of Reefton. L. C.
Pennantia corymbosa Forst.
South Island: Westland—One of the members of the low forest of low-land river-beds. L. C.
The Westland settlers must surely have some local name for this tree, so conspicuous when in bloom; but, at any rate, it is not known by its Maori name, kaikomako (see Roberts, loc. cit., p. 56).
Pimelea longifolia Banks & Sol.
South Island: Westland—Paparoa Range, near the Blackball Mine. W. Wilson!
This extends the recorded range a little further to the south.
Pittosporum divaricatum Cockayne sp. nov. ined.
South Island: Westland—Mount Greenland, in the subalpine scrub. L. C.
This is the common South Island form, which I consider quite distinct from the type which grows in various parts of the Central Botanical Province. I hope to publish a description shortly.
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Poa pusilla berggr.
South Island: Nelson—Charleston, near the sea. L. C.
Pseudopanax lineare (Hook. f.) C. Koch.
South Island: Westland—Mount Greenland, in the subalpine scrub. L. C.
Quintinia acutifolia T. Kirk.
South Island: Westland—From sea-level to 900 m. altitude; a most characteristic forest-tree. L. C.
Rubus parvus Buch.
South Island: Westland—(1) Open ground near the Otira Railwaystation; L. C. (2) Styx Saddle; subalpine; H. Hamilton.
Rubus schmidelioides A. Cunn.
South Island: Nelson—Westport district; abundant. L. C.
Rubus schmideliodes A. Cunn. var. coloratus T. Kirk.
South Island: Nelson—Westport district. L. C.
Senecio bellidioides Hook. f.
South Island: Otago—Common near Gore, at altitude of 75 m. D. L. Poppelwell!
Cheeseman gives 2,000 ft. as the lowest altitudinal limit (Manual, p. 371).
This is by no means typical, the bristles, which are considered a specific mark, being altogether wanting or extremely few in number.
Senecio elaeagnifolius Hook. f.
South Island: Westland—(1) Mount Greenland, in the subalpine scrub; L. C. (2) Common in scrub of lowland river-beds; L. C.
Triodia exigua T. Kirk.
South Island: Canterbury—Waimakariri River bed, at less than 30 m. altitude. L. C.
Urtica ferox Forst. f.
South Island: Westland—Wataroa. J. G. Roberts.
Veronica tetrasticha Hook. f.
South Island: Canterbury—Mount Burnett, 1,650 m., on rock. Johannes C. Andersen!