If a bank is very hard or stony the spider is unable to pierce the ground deep enough. In this case many kinds of curious nests are seen. The spider generally scrapes out a shallow groove, and makes her silken tube in it. Hence a good deal of the nest is exposed, and to cover it the spider uses an earthy cement-like mixture of mud and stones (fig. 10, c). This is spread over the silk until the projecting unprotected side of the tube closely resembles a rounded stone or piece of earth. The work is marvellously executed, and until the door is discovered it is impossible to detect the artificial side of the tube. The door is discovered on account of the round rim. Sometimes the groove cannot be scraped deep enough, and then the spider makes a small nest like a nut, the door being on one side. This protrudes from the bank, and is covered so as to resemble a stone.

Another curious form of nest is that with two doors, one at each end of the tube (fig. 13). These two-doored nests are met with in tubes built under stones, on cliffs, and sometimes on trees. Sometimes both doors are large enough for the spider to pass through, but more frequently only one door is the proper size, the other one being too small. I believe that when the young spider builds the nest both doors are large