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Volume 45, 1912
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Proceedings
of the
New Zealand Institute. 1912.

Tenth Annual Meeting.

Wellington, 29th January, 1913.

The annual meeting of the Board of Governors of the New Zealand Institute was held in the Dominion Museum Library on Wednesday, the 29th January, 1913.

Present: Mr. T. F. Cheeseman, President, in the chair, Mr. M. Chapman, Hon. H. D. Bell (Minister of Internal Affairs), Mr. A. Hamilton, Mr. G. M. Thomson, Dr. Cockayne, Mr. D. Petrie, Mr. J. Stewart, Mr. R. Speight, Professors H. B. Kirk, P. Marshall, C. C. Farr, Mr. John Young, Mr. K. Wilson, Mr. A. H. Turnbull, and Mr. H. W. Hesse.

Changes in the Representation.—The Secretary announced that the only changes in the personnel of the Board were the replacement of the Government nominee, Mr. Tregear, by Mr. A. H. Turnbull, and of Dr. Hilgendorf, who had resigned, by Professor C. C. Farr.

Roll.—The Secretary then called the roll.

Apologies for Non-attendance.—The President read apologies from Mr. C. A. Ewen, Hon. Treasurei, and Mr. H. Hill, who were unable to attend.

The President called upon Mr. G. M. Thomson to report what had been done in regard to two motions standing in his name which were carried at the last annual meeting.

Scientific Board of Advice.—Mr. Thomson read the following report and the order of reference (printed in parliamentary paper 1.–7) of the Museum and Scientific Departments Committee (of which he was Chairman):—

The Museum, and Scientific Departments Committee has the honour to report that, in accordance with the order of reference, it has met to consider the matters submitted to it, and has taken evidence in connection therewith. It now begs to submit the following recommendations, which have been agreed to unanimously:—

(1.)

That a Scientific Board of Advice be set up to which the publication of all scientific and historical work undertaken by Government Departments should be referred.

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(2.)

That the Board consist of the Minister of Internal Affairs (ex officio), three members to be nominated by the Governor, and three members to be elected annually by the Board of Governors of the New Zealand Institute.

(3.)

That the scientific and historical publications include the “Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute,” the Bulletins of the Geological Survey, the annual reports of all the scientific branches of the Government Departments, and such scientific and historical works as the Government may, on the recommendation of the Board from time to time, order to be printed.

(4.)

That these publications be brought out in certain uniform sizes to be agreed upon by the Board.

(5.)

That the Dominion Museum continue under the Minister of Internal Affairs.

(6.)

That the proposed national gallery of art be a department of the Museum.

(7.)

That there be established in connection with the Museum a national library of scientific worts, within which should be gathered all scientific literature available now belonging to Government Departments, and also, if possible, that of the New Zealand Institute.

(8.)

That a Board of Advice and Control be established for the combined institution, of which the Minister of Internal Affairs should be the President, and upon which nine other members should be appointed, including the Mayor of Wellington, the President of the New Zealand Institute, and such other persons as may be nominated by the Governor. All resolutions of the Board to be subject to the veto of the Minister, who shall be responsible to Parliament for the administration.

(9.)

That the Government be requested to promote legislation (if necessary) to give effect to the above recommendations.

(10.)

That the Committee regards the erection of a new Museum as a matter of great urgency.

Mr. Thomson moved, and Mr. Speight seconded, That this meeting respectfully requests the Government to give effect to the recommendations 1–4, inclusive, of the report of the Museum and Scientific Departments Committee of the House of Representatives, presented to the House 10th September, 1912, with the exception of the words in paragraph 3, “the ‘Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute.’” —Carried.

It was proposed by Professor P. Marshall, seconded by Mr. Hesse, That paragraphs 5–10, inclusive, of the report of the Museum and Scientific Departments Committee, with the substitution of the words “the library of the Board of Governors” in place of the word “that,” in the second line of paragraph 7, be adopted, except that in paragraph 8, line 4, after the word “President,” and before the words “of the New Zealand Institue,” there be inserted the words “and two representatives.”—Carried.

Mr. Thomson read letters from the Prime Minister (dated 23rd December, 1912) saying that the matter of the proposed Scientific Board of Advice would be considered by Cabinet at an early date; and from the Hon. the Minister of Internal Affairs (24th January, 1913) stating that the preparation of a Bill making provision for the conduct and control of the Dominion Museum, and separately for the control of the scientific publications published under authority in New Zealand, was contemplated.

Fishes of New Zealand.—With reference to the proposed catalogue of fishes, Mr. Thomson reported that on the 4th August, 1912, he asked the following question in the House of Representatives:—

Mr. G. M. Thomson asked the Minister of Marine, Whether he will take the requisite steps to have a full and illustrated catalogue of the fishes of New Zealand prepared and printed? (Note — The knowledge of this important group of the fauna of New Zealand is in a very imperfect and scattered condition, while the Dominion possesses in Mr. Waite, Curator of the Canterbury Museum, the most competent ichthyologist in the Southern Hemisphere.)

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The Hon. Mr. Fisher, replied: Mr. E. Waite, Curator of the Museum at Christchurch, who accompanied the trawler “Nora Niven” when that vessel was carrying out experimental trawling for the Marine Department, prepared drawings of New Zealand fish, which were published in book form, the cost of publication, amounting to £195 5s. 6d., being paid by the Department. The preparation and publication of a full and illustrated catalogue of the fishes of New Zealand would cost between £600 and £700. Such a catalogue would be valuable, but in view of the fact that a considerable sum of money is being expended in the introduction into the Dominion of food fishes, and that the money available for fishery purposes is limited, it is suggested that the preparation and publication of a catalogue is a matter that might stand over for the present.

Mr. Thomson stated that he would bring up the matter again in the House next session.

Finances of the Institute.—Mr. Thomson reported that an additional £450 was promised by Mr. Allen, Minister of Finance, but only £250 had been voted. He moved, That this meeting respectfully recommends to the Government that section 10 of the New Zealand Institute Act be amended in the direction of omitting the words “five hundred pounds,” with the object of substituting the words “seven hundred and fifty pounds.”

Mr. Speight seconded the motion, which was carried.

The Hon. H. D. Bell here stated that some remission of the Government Printer's account against the Institute might yet be made.

The Hon. the Minister later addressed the meeting as follows: With regard to the increase of the grant, he had no doubt that would be dealt with next session of Parliament, So far as his memory went, it was not necessary to limit the allowance for last year to £250, because there was a sum due to the Government that might be the subject of further representations. The matter of immediate exigencies of finance, however, could, he thought, be disposed of to the satisfaction of the Board and the Government. The control of the Museum was distinct from the construction of the building and the establishment of the Museum in a suitable home. The Government was in unison with the Governors of the Institute and the Committee of Parliament, and he did not doubt that a measure would be introduced next session that would be satisfactory to the Institute. He was not satisfied, personally, with the Board of Control proposed by the Committee of the House. There could be no doubt that the Scientific Board of Advice for Government publications would be attended to. Numbers of matters would require the consideration of all Departments of State in order that a satisfactory decision might be arrived at. The size of the volume at present published by the Institute might not suit all Government Departments. He hoped that an agreement between the Departments might be arrived at. He should like to ask the Judges of the Supreme Court to elect one of their number to sit on the Scientific Board of Advice, and also on the Board of Control of the Museum. He was now collecting information with a view to having a measure drafted to put before the House next session.

President's Address.—The President then delivered his annual address. (See page 420.)

Incorporated Societies' Reports.—The report for the last financial year of each Society was laid on the table.

Standing Committee's Report.—The following annual report of the Standing Committee was received:—

Four meetings have been held during the past year, the attendance being as follows: Mr. Cheeseman, 2; Mr. Ewen, 3; Mr. Petrie, 1; Mr. Young, 3; Mr. G. M. Thomson, 2; Mr. Hamilton, 3; Professor Kirk, 3; Mr. Chapman, 1.

Hector Memorial Award.—The presentation of the award to Dr. Cockayne was made at the celebration of the Jubilee of the Philosophical Institute of Canterbury, on the 30th August, 1912. A supply of ten medals has been received from Messrs. Wyon, and one, suitably inscribed, has been forwarded to the first recipient of the prize.

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Award for 1913.—The Committee of Award — Professors Orme-Masson, F. D. Brown, Evans, and Mr. G. M. Thomson, M.P. (convener)—have forwarded their recommendation in a sealed envelope, to be opened at the annual meeting on the 29th January, 1914. The Hector Memorial Declaration of Trust has been duly executed by the Institute and the Public Trustee, and deposited with the latter.

Hutton Memorial Fund.—The last award was made in 1911, and, unless under exceptional circumstances, the medal may not be awarded oftener than once in every three years. The next award may therefore be made in 1914, the Committee appointed to recommend a recipient being Professors David and Benham and Mr. Maiden. No applications for grants from the fund have been received during the year.

Dr. Chilton reports that, following on his former report of the expenditure of a grant from the fund, he has had several additional drawings prepared, some of which have been used in papers already published; that he has been working out some Antarctic Amphipoda, and, as a result, has been able to clear up several points in regard to New Zealand species.

Publications of the Institute.—Copies of Vol. 44 of the Transactions for 1911 were laid on the tables of both Houses of Assembly on the 2nd July, 1912. The volume was posted to every member of the Institute entitled to it during the week ending 10th July, 1912. The Secretaries of incorporated Societies of the Institute are requested to see that the full postal addresses of members are supplied to the Secretary. The Institute cannot be expected to supply additional volumes of Transactions when the originals have been lost owing to faulty or incomplete addresses supplied.

Proceedings: At the last annual meeting it was resolved that the publication of the Proceedings should be discontinued in the event of the Government declining to increase the statutory grant. The receipt by the Institute of an additional grant for the year has necessitated that the matter shall be further considered Mr. Hamilton has given notice to move, “That the publication of the Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute be continued in the annual volume, and not published separately, and the Editor be requested to severely edit the publication.”

Finance. — The efforts of the Standing Committee, which have been ably seconded by Messrs. G. M. Thomson and A. Myers, Ms.P., to obtain an increase in the annual grant derived from the Government have been at last successful; an additional £250 was placed upon the supplementary estimates this year, and that sum has now been received by the Institute. It has been found impossible, in the present unsatisfactory condition of the library, to determine what books are owned by the Institute and what by the Museum and Wellington Philosophical Society. It is hence not possible to prepare a complete statement of assets. Any estimate of the value of the assets would, moreover, be of such a vague nature as to be practically valueless. A statement of liabilities will, however, be prepared in addition to the usual statement of receipts and expenditure.

The attention of the Standing Committee has been called by the Treasurer to the excessive cost of some papers in the Transactions. It was resolved, That after 1913 the Publication Committee submit to the Board of Governors at the annual meeting an estimate from the Government Printer of the cost of publishing each paper selected for the annual volume.

British Association Australasian Meeting, 1914.—The Institute's Committee was not reappointed at the last annual meeting, but the British Association Reception Committee, on which the Institute is well represented, is carrying on the work of organizing a visit to New Zealand by some of the British Association members at the Australasian meeting, as well as by a number of Canadian and American men of science. The meeting in New Zealand will, it is anticipated, be held in September, 1914.

Exchange List.—The Committee was not reappointed at the last annual meeting of the Board, but the Standing Committee has carried out the recommendations of the late Committee (Messrs. Hamilton and Easterfield), as follows: Sixty recipients of the Institute's Transactions on the B revised list of the Committee's report have been circularized, and informed that the Institute could not continue to send the annual volumes unless something was received in exchange. Of these sixty, some twenty have replied, and after discussion the Standing Committee adopted, with some alterations, the Librarian's recommendations, the result being that some forty-five names will be removed from the list of those who now receive the volume.

Formulation of Rules and Regulations.—The Committee was not reappointed at the last annual meeting of the Board. It was not found possible to carry out the wish of the Board to gazette the new seal of the Institute.

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Decisions of the Standing Committee. — The only further decision of any importance which requires the sanction of the Board is that concerning the Hawke's Bay Philosophical Society, “That the Hawke's Bay Society be supplied with as many copies of Vol. 44 of the Transactions as the subscriptions for the year represent guineas.” This arose out of the action of the Hawke's Bay Society in reducing its subscription to 10s. 6d. per annum. On communicating the Committee's decision a strong protest was received from the Society, and the matter was temporarily adjusted to the mutual satisfaction of the Standing Committee and of the Society. The same difficulty will, however, arise when Vol. 45 is distributed. The matter is therefore referred to the annual meeting of the Board.

Another decision, of less importance, was to the effect that all outside orders for the Institute's publications coming from the Northern Hemisphere should be supplied through the London agents (Messrs. W. Wesley and Son, 28 Essex Street, Strand, W.C.).

Certificates of Incorporation.—The following form of certificate was adopted on the advice of the Board's solicitors, Messrs. Chapman, Skerrett, and Wylie:—

In the matter of the New Zealand Institute Act, 1908, and the Regulations made thereunder. No.

Certificate of Incorporation.

This is to certify that ———— is this day incorporated with the New Zealand Institute, subject to the provisions of the said Act and the regulations made thereunder. Dated ———— this day of, ———— 19 ——. The Seal of the New Zealand Institute was affixed in the presence of ————.

Certificates of incorporation were issued on the 18th November, 1912, to the Manawatu Philosophical Society (No. 1), incorporated 6th January, 1905; and to the Wanganui Philosophical Society (No. 2), incorporated 2nd December, 1911.

Annual Reports of Societies.—The reports and balance-sheets of the following Societies have been received: Manawatu Philosophical Society, for year ending 31st October, 1912; Wanganui Philosophical Society, for year ending 30th September, 1912; Auckland Institute, for year ending 21st February, 1912; Otago Institute, for year ending 29th November, 1912; Philosophical Institute of Canterbury, for year ending 31st October, 1912; Hawke's Bay Philosophical Institute, for year ending 13th October, 1912; Nelson Institute, for year ending 31st December, 1912.

Southland and Westland Societies.—From inquiries made it would seem that there is no hope of resuscitating these Societies, the names of which, according to the Board's decision, will cease to appear as incorporated Societies one month after the next annual meeting (29th January, 1913).

Separate Publication of the Proceedings.—It was resolved to discontinue the separate publication of the Proceedings, Mr. G. M. Thomson recording his dissent.

Estimates from Government Printer.—The proposal, “That after 1913 the Publication Committee submit to the Board of Governors at the annual meeting an estimate from the Government Printer as to the cost of publishing each paper selected for the annual volume” was not adopted.”

More frequent Publication of Transactions.—On motion of Mr. Speight, seconded by Professor Kirk, it was resolved, That as soon as possible the volume of Transactions be issued at more frequent intervals.

Hawke's Bay Society.—Proposed by Mr. Petrie, and seconded by Professor Farr, That the Hawke's Bay Philosophical Society be supplied with as many copies of the annual volume of the Transactions as their subscriptions for the year, as shown in their annual balance-sheet, represent guineas.—Carried.

Finance.—The following statement of receipts and expenditure, liabilities and assets, certified to by the Hon. Treasurer and audited by the Auditor-General, was adopted:—

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Statement of Reoceipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1912.

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Receipts. £ s. d. Expenditure. £ s. d.
Balance in Bank of New Zealand 389 18 8 Travelling-expenses 60 9 4
Government grant for year ending 31st March, 1913 500 0 0 Secretary's salary to 31st December, 1912 35 8 4
Supplementary Government grant 250 0 0 Museum Custodian's services 5 0 0
Sale of “Maori Art” 23 3 4 Bank charge 0 10 0
Sale of Transactions 30 6 0 Compiling catalogue scientific literature 10 0 0
Sale of Index to forty volumes 7 16 11 Insurance of library, premium 9 0 0
Sale of Brown's Manual 2 7 8 Law-expenses, Hector Trust 4 19 6
Postage refunded 25 12 7 Customs duty on Hector Medal 1 2 0
Typing 10 0 0
Petty cash: Secretary, £33; Editor, £3 36 0 0
Purchase of books for library 1 9 7
Cases for Transactions 5 12 6
Government Printer—Vol. 43 648 12 6
Vol. 44 250 0 0
Balance in Bank of New Zealand 151 1 5
£1,229 5 2 £1,229 5 2

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Statement of Liabilities and Assets at 31st December, 1912.
Liabilities. £ s. d. Assets. £ s. d.
Balance due Government Printer on account of Vol. 44 292 1 0 Balance in Bank of New Zealand 151 1 5
Cash in hand 3 0 8
Amount due—
Minnesota University 15 0 0
Friedlander 0 16 10
Auckland Institute* 4 10 10
Authors' reprints 2 18 3
Sundry small accounts 0 10 6
Deficiency 114 2 6
£292 1 0 £292 1 0
*

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Cahter Bequest.—Statement of Accounts, 31st December, 1911, to 31st December, 1912.
Cr. £ s. d. Dr. £ s. d.
Balance at 31st December, 1911 3,123 19 11 Public Trust Office. commission 0 0 3
Interest, N.Z. Loan and Mercantile Agency Company 0 10 0 Balance 3,264 8 7
Interest, Public Trust Office 139 18 11
£3,264 8 10 £3,264 8 10

[Footnote] * Since paid.

[Footnote] † Against this deficiency the Institute has a large stock of Transactions for sale and a very valuable library.

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Hutton Memorial Research Fund.—Statement of Accounts, 31st December, 1911, to 31st December, 1912.
Cr. £ s. d. Dr. £ s. d.
Balance as at 31st December, 1911 660 10 10 Balance 690 4 10
Interest, Public Trust Office 29 14 0
£690 4 10 £690 4 10

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Hector Memorial Fund.—Statement of Accounts, 31st December, 1911, to 31st December, 1912.
Cr. £ s. d. Dr. £ s. d.
Balance at 31st December, 1911 1,130 12 1 Beneficiary's Account, New Zealand Institute 150 0 0
Interest, Public Trust Office 50 3 0 Balance 1,030 15 1
£1,180 15 1 £1,180 15 1

Hector Memorial Award.—Mr. G. M. Thomson, convener of the Award Committee, reported that it was the unanimous opinion of the Committee that the award of the Hector Medal for 1913 should be to Professor Easterfield, of Victoria College, Wellington, for his distinguished work in chemical research, especially in connection with New Zealand products.

He said this work had a direct as well as an indirect bearing on the scientific knowledge, the health, and the prosperity of the community. He read a letter from Professor Evans, expressing the opinion that the original intention of the Trust was to make the award for work done in New Zealand, whether it had a bearing upon New Zealand or not. Professor Orme-Masson agreed with this.

The recommendation of the Hector Award Committee was adopted.

Hector Deed of Trust.—It was proposed by Dr. Cockayne, seconded by the Hon. H. D. Bell, That the opinion of counsel be obtained as to—(1) Whether the deed of trust, which is drawn in contravention of the report of the Hector Memorial Committee, advocated by the Board of Governors, can be altered so as to accord therewith; (2) if not, whether the deed or the resolution of the Board of Governors prevails as defining the objects of the award.—Carried.

Publication Committee Report.—The following annual report of the Publication Committee was received:—

The Publication Committee begs to submit the following report for the year:—

Fifty-five papers were forwarded for consideration; of these, forty were printed in the Transactions, eight were printed in the Proceedings along with abstracts of three others, two were held over, and two others were definitely declined. The authors of some of the papers were requested to shorten them considerably, and this was done without any serious detraction from their merit.

A long paper by Major Broun on the New Zealand Coleoptera was divided into two parts, and the first part alone printed, while the second part was reserved for next year's volume, this step being taken owing to the great length of the paper and the somewhat straitened finances of the Institute. The second half is now in the hands of the printer. The Committee recommends that another long paper by Major Broun on the same subject, already in hand, as well as others to follow, should be issued in bulletin form.

Mr. H. N. Dixon, of Northampton, has been revising the moss material collected by the late Robert Brown, and deposited in the Canterbury Museum. The first part of this work has been forwarded, and the Committee recommends that this also should be published in bulletin form, and that subsequent parts, as they are finished, should be issued in like manner, and paged in sequence, so

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that when the work is complete the bulletins may be bound together, and thus be practically equivalent to a moss flora for the Dominion. Mr. Dixon is doing the work of revising Brown's collection without payment, and the country is very fortunate in thus securing a valuable monograph by an eminent specialist for the mere cost of publication.

Included in the Appendix to. Vol. 44 (1912) of the Transactions is a list of earthquakes recorded in New Zealand for the years 1906–11. This list was accepted under a misapprehension, and without knowledge that there was on record a resolution of the Board disapproving of their inclusion in the Transactions. An arrangement was therefore made with Mr. Hogben whereby the Education Department bore the cost of printing the list. The Committee is of opinion that the Board might well reconsider its decision as to publishing these lists. They are certainly the results of original investigation, which should find a place in a publication which aims at giving a record of the scientific work done in the Dominion, providing that they are not published elsewhere.

It has been customary up to the present to publish photographs in the Transactions without any indication on the print as to its author. Your Committee thinks that it would be of advantage to give the author's name, if he does not expressly object. It increases the value of certain photographs if the author has either taken or supervised the taking of the picture, or if it has been taken by a person of experience in the subject under consideration, and it also allows of a simple means of acknowledgment if the author is indebted to another for the print.

There appears in the minds of some an uncertainty as to what year should be cited in reference to back numbers of the Transactions of the Institute; the difficulty arises from the fact that the year printed on the title-page of the volume is that of the year in which the papers are read, and not the date of publication. It should be clearly understood that the latter date is, according to convention, the only correct one, and it would save the Editor and the Printing Office much trouble if this convention were generally observed by all authors. It has been suggested that this mistake might be prevented by omitting the date from the title-page.

It has been further suggested that the authors who desire their papers to be illustrated by a larger number of blocks than the state of the finances allows should be permitted to supply further illustrations on the payment of the additional cost, subject to the approval of the Editor for the time being. As this procedure introduces a principle foreign to the usual practice of the Institute, the Committee would be glad to receive from the Board an expression of opinion on the point.

Your Committee would also like to emphasize the necessity for authors eliminating from their manuscript all useless verbiage and irrelevant matter, and further to emphasize the uselessness of submitting for publication material which neither brings forward fresh scientific facts nor suggests new ways of looking at old ones. In this connection it might be as well to adopt rules for the guidance of referees to whom papers are submitted for report, and your Committee would suggest that the following instructions, as used by the Linnaean Society be formally approved and adopted by this Institute: (1.) Is it desirable that the paper as it stands should be published by the Society as contaming facts, or new views of the bearing of admitted facts, not already published? (2.) Is it desirable that any part of the paper should be omitted, altered, or abridged, as merely general observations, as unnecessarily controversial, as containing expressions liable to give just cause of offence by reason of their personality, or for any other reason? If so, you will please mark in pencil the parts which in your opinion may be so omitted, altered, or abridged. (3.) If illustrations accompany the paper, can any of them be dispensed with? (4.) Would an abstract only give all that is important in the paper, and would such abstract require any woodcut or other illustration, regard being had to previous publications?

R. Speight, for the Committee.

The following resolutions, arising out of the report, were carried:—

Moss Flora.—Mr. Speight moved, and Mr. Hamilton seconded, That Mr. Dixon's material on the New Zealand Mosses be published in bulletin form.—Carried.

Major Brown's Papers on Coleoptera.—Mr. Speight moved, and Mr. Petrie seconded, That the second half of Major Broun's paper be published in this year's Transactions, and that future papers be published in bulletin form as funds allow.—Carried.

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Seismological Returns.—It was proposed by Mr. Petrie, seconded by Mr. G. M. Thomson, That lists of earthquakes recorded in New Zealand should be included in the annual Transactions of the Institute.—Carried.

Mr. Suter's Paper on Mollusca.—Mr. Petrie proposed, and Mr. G. M. Thomson seconded, That the incoming President be directed to communicate with the Geological Survey Department with a view to having the cost of printing Mr. Suter's paper on the Tertiary Mollusca paid for by that Department.—Carried.

Citation of the Transactions.—It was agreed that the Hon. Editor should insert a short instruction to authors showing how to correctly quote the volumes, and that the size of the letters showing the date of issue be increased.

Cost of Illustrations.—It was resolved to allow authors of papers to contribute towards the cost of publishing such illustrations as were approved by the Hon. Editor.

Instructions to Referees.—It was decided that the Linnean Society's instructions be adopted.

Librarian's Report.—The following report was read and received:—

I have the honour to report that the library remains much in the same condition as in my last report.

I think it is time that some decided steps were taken in regard to this important collection of books. It must be remembered that the exchanges of the “Transactions of the New Zealand Institute” have been received from various parts, and also a large number of what may be called complimentary presentations. During the whole of that time no competent person has been placed unreservedly in charge of the collection, and it has suffered accordingly. It certainly requires the whole time of a competent individual to put in order the works now in the library, and to ascertain how far they are complete, and to add with regularity the books that are received in exchange. I would draw the attention of the Board of Governors to the recommendations of the Committee which sat during the last session of Parliament, and which strongly recommended the formation in Wellington of a library of scientific books, under the care of the Government. I think that, so far as the Institute is concerned, they should do all in their power to push forward such a scheme, to have a proper library properly supervised and kept together. With regard to the actual property of the books themselves, I may draw your attention to the fact that the Gazette notice that restores the property of the Museum by the present Act of 1903 only gives a certain number over which the Institute are to have a claim as property. These, however, have never been set aside or distinguished from the others, which remain the property of the Government just as much as those which are not so included.

From another point of view, the library of the Institute is not arranged in an accessible manner, and cannot be under the present conditions. I may also point out for your consideration that the Institute have no other right than the permission of the Minister to use the room. I hope that some steps will be taken either to support the proposed scientific library or to take some steps as may be deemed desirable for the better arrangement and custody of the books.

The cards of the receipts have been carefully kept during the year, and the number received during the year is 982.

Separate copies of the Transactions have been forwarded to those on the exchange list.

A catalogue is in existence, printed in 1900, but it is of little use, because it does not indicate the completeness or otherwise of the items included.

A. Hamilton, Librarian.

Exchange List.—The report of the Librarian on the exchange list was adopted, as follows:—

The Exchange List Committee begs to recommend that of those institutions which have replied to the Committee's circular:—

A. The following be struck off the list of exchanges: The Geological Survey of Australasia, Queensland Branch; Adelaide University; Royal Asiatic Society,

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London; School, Library, Eton College; Institute of Jamaica; Entomological Society of London; Society of Natural Science, Batavia; National Library, Honolulu; College of Literature, Imperial University of Japan; Philippine Museum, Manila; Natural History Museum, Central-Park, New York; American Museum of Natural History, New York; Societá Africana d'Italia, Naples; Museo di Geologia e Paleontol. del R. Inst. di Studi, Fl.; Biblioteca ed Archivio Tecnico, Rome; Société de Géographie, Paris; Société Entomologique de France, Paris; Musée d'Histoire Naturelle de Bordeaux; Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris; Musée d'Histoire Naturelle de Genève; Redaktion des Biologischen Central-Blatts, Erlangen; University of Christiania; Public Library of Tasmania, Hobart; Victorian Institute of Surveyors; Gordon Technical College; Geelong; Royal Geographical Society of Australasia, New South Wales Branch; Public Library, Sydney; Botanic Gardens, Brisbane; South African Museum, Cape Town; South African Philosophical Society, Cape Town; Free Public Library, Cape Town; Ottawa Literary and Scientific Society, Ottawa; Literary and Historical Society of Quebec; Victoria College, Manchester; University Library, Edinburgh; School Library Committee, Rugby; Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh; Philosophical Society of Leeds; Norfolk and Norwich Naturalist Society; Natural History Society, Marlborough College, England; Linnean Society, London; Leeds Geological Association; Geological Magazine, London; Clifton College, Bristol

B. The Transactions be sent to the following institutions, notwithstanding that no direct return is received from them. Sydney University; Rautenstrauch-Joest Museum, Coln, Germany; Bodleian Library, Oxford University; International Catalogue of Scientific Literature, 34 Southampton Street, Strand, London.

G. The following be added to the list, having promised to exchange: North of England Institute of Mining Engineers, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; Nederlandsche Entomologische Nereeniging, Rotterdam; Zoologisch Museum, Berlin; Geological Survey of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia: University of Melbourne; Public Library and Museum of South Australia; Engineering Institute of New South Wales; Stazione Zoologica di Napoli, Naples.

D. The following be retained on the list Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain; 50 Russell Street, W C., London; Royal Geographical Society of London, 1 Savile Row West, London; Geological Society of London; Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago; American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia; Stanford University, California; Museo Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Royal Institution, Liverpool; University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America; Patent Office. 25 Southampton Buildings, W.C., London; Nature, London; Imperial Institute, London; Colonial Office, London; Norfolk and Norwich Naturalist Society, Norwich; High Commissioner for New Zealand, London

E. That the following, suggested by Mr. Cotton, be communicated with and asked if they are agreeable to exchange: Geological Society of America, New York; Société Géologique de la France, Paris; Department of Geology, University of California; Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft, Berlin; Geological Institute, University of Upsala, Sweden; Geological Survey of Scotland, Edinburgh; Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, Service de la Carte Géologique de la France; Service de la Carte Géologique de la Suisse; Royal Scottish Geographical Society, Edinburgh; National Geographic Society, Washington; Geographical Society of Philadelphia; Justus Perthes' Geographische Anstalt, Gotha; Carnegie Institute, Washington; American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Boston.

That all those who have not taken any notice of the communication be erased from the original B list in addition to the present A list.

A. Hamilton

Correspondence.—Letters were read and received from the ex Minister of Internal Affairs, Mr. G. W. Russell, with reference to the offices for the New Zealand Institute; and from Dr. Hilgendorf, resigning his position on the Board.

Hector Medal.—The report of the Committee for obtaining the Hector Medal was received, as follows:—

On behalf of the Hector Medal Committee, I beg to report that nearly twelve months late Messis. Wyon have duly forwarded the medal. The medal appears to be well executed, and the likeness is a fairly good rendering of the photograph supplied. We have to thank Professor Thorpe for generally supervising the design and attending generally to the matter. The medal awarded in January last has been engraved with the following inscription—“To Leonard Cockayne, Ph.D.,

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F R.S., for his researches in botanical ecology”—and forwarded to Dr. Cockayne. The award was formally presented to him on behalf of the Institute by Mr. G. M. Thomson on the occasion of the Canterbury Philosophical Society's Jubilee, on the 30th August, 1912.

The Custom officials insisted on the payment of duty on the value of the medals themselves, on the ground that the medal could have been produced in this Dominion. I think the Board of Governors may be congratulated upon having within their bestowal two such fine medals as the Hutton and Hector Medals

A. Hamilton.

Resolved, That Professor Thorpe be thanked for the trouble he had taken in connection with the medal.

On the motion of Professor Farr, seconded by Dr. Cockayne, it was resolved, That a refund of the amount charged by the Customs officials on the Hector Medal be applied for, on the ground that the medal could certainly not have been produced in New Zealand.

Notice of Motion.—Dr. Cockayne gave notice that at the next meeting he will move certain alterations in the Hutton Memorial Research Regulations.

British Association Reception Committee.—Professor Kirk detailed the steps taken when in Australia to further a visit from some members of the British Association to New Zealand.

Election of Officers.—President, Professor Chilton; Hon. Treasurer, Mr. C. A. Ewen; Hon. Editors, Mr. R. Speight and Dr. Chilton; Hon. Librarian, Mr. A. Hamilton; Publication Committee, Professors Benham, Chilton, and Farr, and Messrs. Speight and G. M. Thomson; Secretary, Mr. B. C. Aston. Hector Award Committee for 1914, Professor Baldwin Spencer, Melbourne; Mr. R. Etheridge, Sydney; and Mr. T. F. Cheeseman, of Auckland.

Secretary's Salary.—It was resolved that the Secretary's salary for the year be £30.

Honorary Members.—A ballot for the two vacancies on the list of honorary members caused by the deaths of Sir Joseph Hooker and H. W. Eve resulted in the election of W. B. Hemsley, of England, and Professor W. M. Davis, of Harvard University.

Travelling-expenses.—It was resolved that the travelling-expenses (including hotel expenses) of the Governors should be paid.

Votes of Thanks.—Votes of thanks to the Honorary Editors and Librarian, and to the Hon. Mr. Bell, Minister of Internal Affairs, for attending the meeting, were carried; and on the motion of Mr. G. M. Thomson, seconded by Professor Kirk, it was resolved that a hearty vote of thanks be passed to Mr. T. F. Cheeseman, retiring President, for the able manner in which he had conducted the business of the Institute during his term of office.

Date and Place of next Annual Meeting.—It was resolved that the next annual meeting be held at Wellington, on Friday, the 25th January, 1914.

T. F. Cheeseman, President

Read and confirmed. 30th January, 1913.

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Presidential Address.

The following is the presidential address delivered at the annual meeting of the Board of Governors of the New Zealand Institute at Wellington, 29th January, 1913, by Mr. T. F. Cheeseman, F.L.S., F.Z.S., Curator of the Auckland Museum:—

Gentlemen of the Board of Governors,—The expiry of another year has again made it necessary for me to prepare a short address dealing with the position of the Institute and the work which it has performed since we last met. And, as this is the last occasion on which I shall occupy this chair, I wish to thank you for the kindly support that has been awarded to me, and for the considerate indulgence shown to my many shortcomings.

In the address which I had the honour of placing before you last year I stated that the financial position of the Institute was causing great anxiety to those who had the management of its affairs; that it was no longer possible to print the Transactions for the amount of the annual grant of £500; and that the Institute was practically in debt to the Government Printer for a sum which I estimated at £155, but which proved to be nearer £250. The obvious cure for this unsatisfactory condition of affairs was to obtain a permanent increase of the statutory grant, but as this cannot be done without an amendment of the New Zealand Institute Act it was decided to apply to Parliament for a supplementary grant of £250. In support of this application a deputation waited upon the Premier, and fully explained the position of affairs. It was shown that the statutory grant still stood at the amount fixed on the formation of the Institute in 1868, when the circumstances of the Dominion were very different from what they are now, and when the total membership amounted to only 178, a number widely different from the present roll of nearly 1,000. It is satisfactory to state that the deputation was sympathetically received, and that the proposed sum was placed upon the supplementary estimates, and, having received the sanction of Parliament, has since been duly paid to our Treasurer. I trust that this welcome addition to our funds may be shortly followed by a permanent enlargement of the annual grant.

The financial statement, which has already been circulated among you, shows that the total receipts of the Institute, including the balance of £389 18s. 8d. in hand at the beginning of the year, have been £1,229 5s. 2d. The total expenditure has been £1,078 3s. 9d., the two chief items being a sum of £648 12s. 6d. in payment of the cost of Vol. 43 of the Transactions, and one of £250 on account of Vol. 44. The balance in hand is given at £151 1s. 5d., but against this has to be placed the amount of £292 1s. due to the Government Printer on account of Vol. 44 of the Transactions. The Institute is thus in debt to the amount of £140 19s. 7d. But on the 31st March the annual subsidy of £500 will be payable, extinguishing the debt, and leaving a surplus of about £350. If the Institute is successful in obtaining a permanent addition to the statutory grant, or if a special grant be procured of equivalent amount to that voted during the last session of Parliament, funds will be available for the issue of a volume of Transactions of average size; but without additional income there will still remain an indebtedness to the Government Printer.

Vol. 44 of the Transactions, which has been issued during the year, is considerably smaller than its predecessor, the reason being the necessity of reducing our printer's bill as much as possible. I find that the volume contains 594 pages, of which 460 belong to the Transactions and 134 to the Proceedings, including in this latter term all matter supplementary to the Transactions. The number of separate papers is forty, but seventeen short communications appear in the Proceedings, making a total of fifty-seven. In the index the number of plates is given as twenty-four, but many illustrations appear in the text which are not included in that total. The previous volume (43) contained 808 pages, of which 680 are referable to the Transaction and 128 to the Proceedings. The number of articles (including twenty-five notes or abstracts given in the Proceedings) amounted to eighty-two, and the plates numbered thirty-two. It will therefore be noticed that the reduction in the size of Vol. 44 is entirely confined to the Transactions, which contains 220 pages fewer than in Vol. 43. I think we all regret that the necessary economy in publication has been effected at the expense of the most important portion of the volume; but, in justice to the Editors, I must state that the reason for this is that the greater part of the Proceedings were in type before the financial position of the Institute was fully known. As for the total cost of the volume, the financial statement shows that the amount charged by the Government Printer has been £542 1s. So far as I can ascertain, this shows

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a saving of slightly over £100 on the cost of the volume for the previous year, which was £648 12s. 6d.

At the last meeting of this Board a motion was adopted to the effect that the separate publication of the Proceedings should be discontinued if the Government declined to increase the statutory grant. As no decision of the Government was available until the month of October, it was found impossible to issue any part of the Proceedings in advance of Vol. 45 of the Transactions, now being printed, and they will consequently appear together, as was the uniform practice until a few years ago. Personally, I trust that no attempt will be made to revive the plan of issuing the Proceedings in parts in advance of the Transactions proper, especially as it inevitably leads to greatly increased expenditure on the least important part of the Institute's publications. As I remarked in my address of last year, the greater part of the material printed therein is of ephemeral value. No particular interest and no scientific importance can be attached to the minutes of the meetings of the various incorporated Societies; and the abstracts given of scientific papers printed outside the Dominion need not be nearly so long as many of those which have been printed. In most cases the title of the memoir and the name of the publication in which it appears is all that is required. And any short papers which possess permanent value should form part of the Transactions proper, and should not be consigned to the comparative obscurity of the Proceedings. Almost a quarter of the last-issued volume is composed of the Proceedings, a proportion which appears to be extravagantly large. In my opinion, it would be far better to cease publishing the Proceedings altogether, and to apply the funds thus saved to the quarterly or half-yearly publication of the Transactions.

The report of the Publication Committee, which has been duly placed before you, contains several matters which require careful attention. I quite agree with the Committee in considering that the list of earthquakes recorded in New Zealand in each year should find a place in the Transactions, in which such lists were printed for many years in succession. Their absence from recent volumes has to my own knowledge caused inconvenience to several inquirers.

The suggestion made that Mr. H. N. Dixon's papers on the Mosses of the Dominion should be published in bulletin form will, I hope, be favourably entertained by the Board. The opportunity of having a practical review of our moss flora made by an acknowledged authority at no expense beyond the cost of publication is not one which should be allowed to pass by. The proposal to print Major Broun's papers in bulletin form stands in a precisely similar position. After the highly favourable report on the character of his work placed before the Board last year it is certainly desirable that his papers should be printed as rapidly as the funds of the Institute will allow.

The reference made to the uncertain practice of authors in citing the annual volumes of Transactions should be followed by some definite action. Why should not a clause drawing attention to the facts be inserted in the “Memorandum for Authors of Papers” which is now regularly prefixed to the Transactions? As matters are at present, the incorrect practice of quoting the year during which the paper is read, instead of the year of publication, causes much unnecessary trouble, and gives rise to wrong ideas on questions of priority.

Among the reports presented to you is one from Mr. Hamilton, as Librarian of the Institute. Now, I need say but little about the condition of the library. We all know that it is most inadequately housed and inconveniently arranged; that it is stored in a wooden building that might any day be destroyed by fire; that it requires the constant care and attention of some competent person. To my mind, the present state of the library is a disgrace to both the Government and the Institute, and should be rectified as soon as possible. Mr. Hamilton has suggested that the Institute should support the proposal made to Parliament in the report of the Museum and Scientific Departments Committee, where it is recommended that the whole of the scientific literature belonging to the Government, together with the library of the Institute, should be conjoined to form a general library of scientific works. There is much to be said in favour of such a scheme, for the Institute is without any funds from which it could erect a library building of its own; in fact, it cannot even provide for the proper superintendence of its library. The subject is a little complicated on account of the number of independent libraries which it is proposed to include in the scheme, and also from the uncertainty respecting the ownership of some of the books; but these are difficulties which tact and careful negotiation would probably remove. In any case, the subject has to be faced, and I commend the report to your earnest consideration.

I regret that I have no fresh information of my own respecting the proposed visit of the British Association in 1914. I understand, however, that two members of this Board who have recently visited Sydney have had an interview with the

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Commonwealth Government on the subject, and that the matter has also been discussed at the meeting of the Australasian Association. I hope that these gentlemen may be able to furnish us with some idea of the shape that the proposed visit will eventually take. It is possible, however, that the final arrangements will not be made until the meeting of the British Association to be held in Birmingham next September.

In the report of the Standing Committee there is a reference to the excessive cost incurred in printing certain papers in Vol. 43 of the Transactions, and a suggestion is made that after this year the Publication Committee should submit to the annual meeting an estimate of the cost of publishing each paper selected for the annual volume. While not desirous of unduly hampering the actions of the Publication Committee, I am decidedly of opinion that it is the duty of this Board to exercise a closer superintendence over the expenditure on the annual volume. To make the reason for this clear, I will remark that Vol. 43 of the Transactions cost £648; that in the same year the printing of the general index to the first forty volumes cost £60; and that there was an additional payment of £28 for part of the Proceedings. In other words, the printer's bill for the year amounted to no less than £736, or £236 in excess of the annual subsidy Now, I do not say that the printing represented by this large sum was not of advantage to the Institute, or that the material printed was unworthy of publication; but I do hold that no committee, without previous authority from the Board of Governors, should incur an expenditure so largely in excess of the revenue of the Institute. In making this statement I am anxious that it should be fully understood that I am quite sensible of the services that successive Publication Committees have rendered to the Institute, and that I am fully convinced that they have acted with a sincere desire to further its objects. But granting all that, there are so many objections which can be raised to unauthorized expenditure of the kind that I have mentioned that it appears highly desirable that the Board of Governors, at each of its annual meetings, should vote some specified sum, or in some way indicate what amount should be expended in the publication of the annual volume.

Another important reason can be urged in support of this conclusion. The annual meeting of the Board of Governors is the only meeting where the representatives of the whole of the incorporated Societies can unite in discussing the affairs of the Institute and take part in the management of its work. In the interval between the annual meetings the conduct of affairs is entrusted partly to the Publication Committee, which is usually—and, I think, quite unnecessarily—confined to members of two, or at the most three, Societies, and partly to the Standing Committee, which is even more limited in its composition, for it practically consists of Wellington residents. No doubt there are difficulties in providing any other form of management, but these difficulties make it highly desirable that as much as possible of the work of the Institute in all its departments should be arranged for and ordered at the annual meeting of the Board of Governors.