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Volume 49, 1916
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E. spiniger Schiner.

E. spiniger Schiner, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 17, p. 309 (1867); Hutton, Trans. N.Z. Inst., vol. 33, p. 4 (1901). Xylophagus spiniger Wied., Ausser-Europ. Zweif. Ins., 2, p. 618 (1830); Hutton, Cat Dipt. N.Z., p. 35; Hudson, Man. N Z. Entom., p. 56, p1. vi, fig. 5. Beris servillei Macq., Dipt. Exot., 1, p. 176, p1. 21, fig. 1 (1838). Diphysa spiniger Macq., l.e., p. 172.

Walker (Cat. Dipt. B.M., p. 1152) considers Beris albimacula to be a probable variety of this species.

A large elongate blue-black fly, the legs with white bands. The head slightly broader than the thorax at the humeri; eyes bare, dichoptic, more so in the ♀, in profile occupying the whole side of head, facets of uniform size, no transverse depression. Front widening toward the antennae, dark shiny blue-black with short and scattered silvery reclinate hairs not affecting the ground-colour; a medio-longitudinal depression and two narrow longitudinal grooves, one on each side toward the orbits; immediately above the antennae and occupying the first third of the front is a dense silvery-white proclinate pile which in certain lights gives a dull-black reflection; there is a distinct transverse line separating the rechnate hairs of the front from the pile. Ocellar triangle circular and bare but surrounded by delicate and small hairs more distinct in the ♂; ocelli brownish-yellow. Occiput with dense silvery hairs, longer below.

Face silvery-white due to tomentum, widening below, with a median fissure, the angles of the epistome bare, bluish-black, and slightly projecting; the silvery tomentum lengthens towards the epistome; facial orbits without hairs but with a dense silvery-white tomentum.

The mouth-parts retracted, of a brownish colour with a few scattered black hairs. The palpi, as far as I am able to discern, are 2-jointed, but Schiner says that they are apparently 3-jointed. The penultimate is elongate and restricted, while the ultimate is clavate; the former is bare but for long and scattered hairs arising from distinct pits, while the latter is clothed by dense and short hairs, among which may be seen innumerable minute pits more distinct in the ♀ palp (fig. 1). In the ♂ the 1st joint is about twice as long as the 2nd, brownish but tawny distally; the 2nd is tawny except for a brown band toward the base, and terminates in 4 distinct and stiff hairs which are apparently hollow. The 1st joint in the ♀ is not much longer than the 2nd, which is without a transverse band and completely tawny. In the ultimate joint of the ♂ palp the hairs are less distinct posterior to the transverse band, and the pits are here absent.

Antennae situated a little below the middle line of head, elongate, being about half the width of head in the ♂ and longer in the ♀, the whole fusiform (fig. 2); 1st and 2nd joints and first third of 3rd joint reddish-brown but with a darker reflection, the remainder of the 3rd joint dark brown; 1st and 2nd joints bristly, the latter about two-thirds the length of the former; 3rd joint bare, about three times the sum of the 1st and 2nd, composed of 8 segments, and terminating in a tuft of apical hairs, the ultimate segment is about one-third the length of the whole, the 1st segment is a little longer than the 2nd joint and broader than any other part of the antenna.

Thorax longer than broad, shiny bluish-black, with short and sparse golden tomentum on the dorsum which becomes longer and silvery on the pleurae; a tubercle before the articulation of the wing and a brown and shiny ridge along the dorso-pleural suture interrupted in the middle; the tomentum on the humeri is denser. Scutellum large, coloured and

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Picture icon

Fig 1 —Palp of E spiniger.
Fig 2 —Antenna of E spiniger
Fig 3 —Wing of E spiniger.
Fig 4 —Wing of E apicalis
Fig 5 —Antenna of E straznitzkii (♀)
Fig 6 —Wing of E straznitzkii
Fig 7.—Right wing of E seolforalis n. sp.
Fig 8 —Wing of E hoheria n. sp.
Fig 9 —Wing of A opposita
Fig 10 —Wing of A simmondsii n. sp
Fig 11 —Head profile of B alpina
Fig 12 —Part of wing of B alpina
Fig 13 —Abdomen of B alpina

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clothed as the dorsum; 4 large and hairy spines, black toward the base and reddish-brown distally. In one specimen (♀) close to the base of and beneath both the 2 left-hand spines is a supernumerary spine not much shorter in length. In the ♂ the spines are lighter in colour. Halteres pale grey, sometimes with darker heads.

Posterior legs much longer than the others, their femora club-shaped being distally thickened, bluish-black but for the whitish proximal part; the middle and anterior femora not much more than half the length of the posterior, proximally whitish but otherwise of a more brownish black, the knees tending to brown. Posterior tibiae robust but not distally enlarged, bluish-black and proximally whitish; the remaining tibiae brownish-white, especially distally. Protarsi fully half as long as the whole tarsus; anterior and middle tarsi brownish-white, darker distally, the posterior of a smoky-grey colour. The posterior protarsus of the ♂ is almost white in colour and has a dark spot at the origin; the remaining joints are darker.

Wings deeply clouded with brown between a line through the base of the discal cell and the apex of the wing; axillary angle not sharply curved. The clear spaces are as follow: the articulation; costal cell, except distally at the costa; 1st basal cell, except the spurious vein when present, and 2nd basal cell; a space across the 1st submarginal cell from the costa to the 3rd vein, the proximal edge of which space being in line with termination of 2nd vein and the distal edge in line with origin of anterior branch of 3rd vein, 1st posterior cell slightly lighter along the centre, 2nd to 5th posterior cells distinctly lighter in the centre; discal cell with a faintly lighter space just below the middle line. The anal and axillary cells slightly clouded, the marginal cell very dark, the remainder of the colouring lighter. Costa along the costal cell but slightly outcurved, this cell is thus not widened to any extent; 2nd longitudinal vein gently curved except distally where it meets the costa; anterior cross-vein and 3rd longitudinal having a common origin from the 2nd longitudinal, the 1st section of which being about as long as the anterior cross-vein, which is almost straight and a little posteriorly oblique; 3rd longitudinal distinctly upcurved and in the last section downwards, which is about three-quarters the length of the 1st section (fig 3); in consequence of the curve of the 3rd vein the anterior branch is comparatively short, being twice as long as the anterior cross-vein; this branch is oblique, arising at an acute angle and more or less distinctly curved to the costa. The 1st submarginal cell is proximally both acute and narrow. Vein between discal and 5th posterior cells straight and about one and a half times the length of anterior cross-vein. A spurious longitudinal vein, sometimes represented by a delicate cloud, along the middle of the 1st basal cell. Of the 4 posterior veins from the discal cell the 3rd reaches three-quarters of the distance to the posterior margin of the wing. The confluence of the 5th and 6th longitudinal veins about three times the length of the anterior cross-vein from the margin.

The abdomen is elongate, fusiform in the ♀, linear and restricted along the middle in the ♂; in the former as broad as thorax beyond the middle, but not broader or as broad as the thorax in the latter; the whole deep shiny-blue with a faint tinge of purple in certain lights. There is a short vestiture of silvery hairs, longer laterally, and so arranged on the posterior margin of each segment as to present a banded appearance. In the ♂ those bands are more or less brown. The abdomen is 7-segmented.

The ♀ genital organs are represented by a pair of 2-jointed tawny styles projecting slightly upwards and arising from the sides of a central dome-shaped tawny plate.

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The ♂ genitalia consist above of a pair of short tawny claw-like hairy styles arising from a plate as in the ♀, and beneath this plate is a pair of stout claws being opposed to each other and each arising from a protuberance upon which they apparently articulate.

♂. Length, 7–12.5 mm.; wing, 6–10 mm.

♀. Length, 14 mm.; wing, 12 mm.

Habitat.—Throughout New Zealand, but more abundant in Auckland than elsewhere. It is by no means often found as far south as Otago, and is not as common in the South Island as in the North Island, except at Nelson, where the climate is exceptionally warm. The principal localities are Auckland, Napier, Wellington, and Nelson; and it is seen in the months of December. January, and February.

This species is common to Australia and New Zealand.