The last eight species form a distinct group. They are smaller and have a more restrained apertural callus than the others The umbilicus is restricted and generally quite filled by the narrow funicle and callus. on which there are two almost parallel grooves (sometimes one or both obsolete). The arrangement of the umbilical callus is rather like that in the subgenus Mammilla, which, however, has a more distended aperture. It is possible that the relationship is closer to it than to Uber s. str.

Uber huttoni (von Ihering). (Plate 58, fig. 10.)

1873. Natica solida Sowerby: Hutton, Cat. Tert. Moll., p. 9 (not of Sowb.).

1886. Natica solida Hector, Outline of N.Z. Geol., p. 51, fig. 9, No. 19.

1886. Natica (Neverita) gibbosa Hutton, Trans. N.Z. Inst., vol. 18, p. 334 (not of Lea).

1907. Polynices huttoni v. Ihering, Ann. d. Museo Nac. de Buenos Aires, serie 3, tomo 7, p. 154, pl. 5, fig. 16.

1915. Polinices gibbosus (Hutton): Suter, N.Z. Geol. Surv. Pal. Bull. 3, p. 9, pl. 5, figs. 1, 2.

Type in Museo Nacional, Buenos Aires.

Height, 68 mm.; diameter, 64 m. (taken from Hutton's plesiotype of N. solida Sowb. = N. darwini Hutt.)

Localities.—Broken River, Trelissick Basin (type); 165, White Rock River, Pareora; Target Gully shell-bed, Oamaru; Tangarakau River, two miles below large waterfall (Mokau beds); Maungamatukutuku, Tutamoe (Tawhiti sandstone); Taumatamaire Hill (Mahoenui beds); 44, Conus beds, Brewery Creek, Mokihinui River; Chatton, Southland, sharp-spired form (R. A. Sutherland); Waikaia, sharp-spired form; 6b, 6c, 6d, 7b, 7c, 8a, Clifden, Southland.

Hutton recorded the species as occurring in the Pliocene at Matapiro, but his specimen, if correctly identified, was probably from some other locality. This type of Uber was extinct in New Zealand long before the deposition of the Matapiro beds (= Nukumaruian).

Suter generally applied the specific name huttoni to shells with a widely open umbilicus not invaded by callus, such as those (N. suteri) from locality 476, Kekenodon beds, Waitaki Valley. The shell figured by von Ihering, however, is from Broken River, Trelissick Basin, and has the heavy callus and cylindrical shape of Hutton's gibbosus. The two names are therefore synonymous; and, as N. gibbosa was already occupied by Lea for a North American Eocene fossil when Hutton proposed it, von Ihering's U. huttoni must be used.

Round U. huttoni are grouped a large number of variable forms, for which satisfactory specific divisions have not yet been found. Among the material available no absolute line could be drawn between such extreme forms as U. unisulcatus and U. intracrassus (= N. callosa Hutt.). At Chatton there is a large shell with a high, sharp spire; at Waikaia and in several horizons at Clifden are somewhat similar though smaller ones apparently grading into a much broader type with a low spire. Perhaps some of the differences are due to sex, but there is variation in shells from different localities. Both forms are represented at Target Gully with slight differences in outline. The shells of White Rock River, Pareora, are of more uniform character, being cylindrical in shape, with a low spire, and reaching a very large size (like the typical Broken River specimens). There is considerable variation, however, in the comparative length and callosity, a process carried to extreme in the U. intracrassus

of Lower Waipara Gorge, where greatly, elongated specimens are seen grading into typical intracrassus.

At many localities along the east coast of the North Island, in beds somewhat younger than the Awamoan, occur rather smaller shells, generally with a mucronate apex (U. mucronatus). Some are of an elongate-oval shape, while others are more like the typical U. huttoni. On the west coast (North Island) those of typical shape do not rise any higher than the Mokau beds, but in the Onairo fauna appears an acuminate-spired ovate shell (U. unisulcatus) only a little more slender than some of those from Waikaia and Clifden.

The forms which have been given specific rank are :—

• (1.) U. huttoni.

• (2.) U. intracrassus. The shell on which the name is founded is of such extreme development as to merit specific separation. There is no evidence that intermediate forms occur at the type locality; perhaps the Waipara Gorge is intermediate in age between Broken River and Castle Point. In any case, even when the shape is the same as that of U. huttoni, the apertural callus is noticeably thicker.

• (3.) U. unisulcatus. This is only slightly more slender than ovate specimens of U. huttoni from Waikaia. At the lower horizon, however, there is an intergradation with broader forms, but at the higher these are absent.

  (4.) U. mucronatus. Although depressed adult forms are equalled by high forms of young U. huttoni, the callus on the former is considerably thicker than that on the latter.

Tate (1893, p. 320, pl. 6, fig. 4) records Natica gibbosa Hutton from a “locality not actually known, but reported a well-sinking in the Murray Desert.” The disposition of the apertural callus is not the same as in the New Zealand species, for it is much wider over the umbilicus than on the parietal wall, where it is relatively narrow. It is most likely that a critical examination of the actual specimen would show other important differences, and that it should be classed as a distinct species.

Uber intracrassus (Finlay). (Plate 58, figs. 9, 11.)

1873. Natica (?) callosa Hutton, Cat. Tert. Moll., p. 9 (not of Sowerby).

1914. Polinices callosus (Hutton): Suter, N.Z. Geol. Surv. Pal. Bull. 2, p. 4.

1924. Polinices intracrassus Finlay, Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. 16, p. 101.

Shell large, subcylindrical, summit flatly convex; spire concealed by body-whorl, which has the left-to-right diameter much greater than that from back to front; apertural callus enormous, completely filling the umbilicus and for last half of body-whorl occupying suture and extending across flat summit to apex.

Holotype in collection of New Zealand Geological Survey.

Height, 37 mm. (estimated); diameter, front to back 29 mm., left to right 39 mm.

Localities.—Castle Point, Wellington (?) (type); County Council quarry, Maungapakeha Stream, six miles west-south-west of Tinui, Castle Point County; Lower Waipara.

The name N. callosa is preoccupied by Sowerby; therefore Finlay rightly changed Hutton's name to intracrassus. Hutton was uncertain about the locality of his types, but Castle Point is probably correct in a broad sense. The richly fossiliferous beds at Castle Point itself (Geol.

Surv. loc. 81) have a Wanganuian fauna; this type of Uber belongs to a lower horizon, and probably came from the “Taipo” beds in the neighbouring district.

Uber mucronatus n. sp. (Plate 58, fig. 7.)

Shell of moderate size, oval; spire short, acute or often mucronate; outer lip not greatly inclined; apertural callus large, sealing umbilicus, lower end of callus lobed and bounded by very deep gróove on apertural side; sometimes when the callus is not fully developed there remains slight umbilical opening which resembles that of U. propeovatus.

Type in collection of New Zealand Geological Survey.

Height, 29 mm.; diameter, 23 mm.

Localities.—1037, Hurupi Creek, Palliser Bay (type); 882, argillaceous sandstone, Waitomo; 862, head of Waimata River, Gisborne; 1121, Wharekahika River, East Cape; Muddy Creek, Arowhana; 1156, Awatere Mouth, East Cape; upper grey marls, south cliff, north branch of Dee River (= P. gibbosus of Suter, 1921, p. 82).

Uber unisulcatus n. sp. (Plate 58, fig. 4.)

Shell of moderate size, elongate, ovate; spire high, conic, slightly mucronate; apertural callus well developed, filling umbilicus with a somewhat narrow lobe bounded by deep broad groove which lies very close to inner margin of aperture, but is not quite parallel to it; outer lip slightly retracted to suture.

Type in collection of New Zealand Geological Survey.

Height, 31 mm.; diameter, 23 mm.

Localities.—1136, Mangare Road, near Mangaone Stream, Upper Waitara Survey District (type); 1128, Putiki Stream, Tongaporutu River; 1113, Rapanui Island, Taranaki (L. I. Grange).

Uber waipaensis n. sp. (Plate 58, fig. 1.)

Shell small, plump, ovate, of about five and a half whorls; spire acute; protoconch very small; outer lip inclined at 30° from vertical, retracted above to suture, but otherwise straight; apertural callus thick, completely covering umbilicus; a shallow groove ascends from base of callus near and parallel to apertural margin.

Type in collection of New Zealand Geological Survey.

Height, 15 mm.; diameter, 13 mm.

Localities.—1029, one mile north-north-east of limestone-crushing plant, Alexandra Survey District; Pourakino, Riverton (H. J. Finlay).

The disposition of the callus is much the same as that of U. unisulcatus, but the shell is more globose and the protoconch as well as the whole shell is much smaller. There is also considerable resemblance to U. mucronatus, which, however, is larger and has a more nearly vertical outer lip.

Uber lobatus n. sp. (Plate 58, fig. 2.)

Shell of moderate size, elongate, ovate; spire acuminate; apertural callus comparatively narrow, but sealing umbilicus by a lobe bounded below by deep groove which is inclined at about 45° to apertural margin; somewhat higher there is a wider and shallower groove at right angles

to apertural margin where it meets lower groove, space between the two being occupied by lobe of callus; the inner margin of aperture noticeably sinused about top of funicle.

Type in collection of New Zealand Geological Survey.

Height, 30 mm.; diameter, 22 mm.

Localities.—165, White Rock River, Pareora (type); Target Gully, Oamaru; 1075, argillaceous sandstone, 12 chains north-north-west of Rangiriri Trig., Piopiotea West Survey District (Mohakatino base); 649, Paparoa Rapids, Wanganui River; 475, Mount Harris, South Canterbury (= P. gibbosus and P. ovatus of Suter, 1921, p. 64); 958, Rifle Butts, Oamaru, bed A, overlying Oamaru stone (= P. gibbosus of Suter, 1921, p. 86); 458, Pareora (= P. gibbosus of Suter, 1921, p. 58); Awamoa (H. J. Finlay); Wharekuri? horizon (H. J. Finlay).

Uber sagenus (Suter). (Plate 58, figs. 5, 6, 8.)

1917. Polinices (Neverita) sagenus Suter, N.Z. Geol. Surv. Pal. Bull. 5, p. 10, pl. 3, fig. 3.

The holotype has a widely open umbilicus which reaches up to apex of shell, but no other specimen has been seen which agrees exactly with this shell. The large species, so common in the Lower Wanganuian beds at Waipipi, Hawera, Waingongoro, &c., and identified by Suter (1921, p. 25), also by Marshall and Murdoch (1920, p. 125; 1921, p. 87), as P. sagenus, is in this paper named U. waipipiensis; for, while it resembles sagenus in umbilical development, its shape is quite different. The most important difference, however, is in the inclination of the outer lip. In U. waipipiensis it is inclined at about 26° from the vertical, while in U. sagenus the angle is 37°.

The specimen figured on Plate 58, fig. 6, is a topotype of U. sagenus, and, as may be seen, has the same outline and same disposition of callus. The inclination of outer lip is also about 37° from the vertical. There can therefore be little doubt that the two shells are conspecific. One important difference exists, however: in the type specimen the umbilicus is wide and deep, extending almost to the spire; in the other it is quite shallow, and when the shell was a quarter of a whorl younger must have been completely closed. The only other specimen seen which agrees with these two in outline, aperture, and callus is from Trelissick Basin. In this specimen the umbilicus is for the most part shallow, as in the second Pareora specimen, but there is a very small chink at top penetrating upwards perhaps ⅛ in. Despite these differences the actual appearance of the apertural callus is similar in all cases, and with the great inclination of outer lip justifies specific recognition.

Localities.—165, White Rock River, Pareora; 226, Porter and Thomas Rivers, Trelissick Basin.

Uber chattonensis n. sp. (Plate 58; fig. 3.)

Shell fairly large, ovate; spire sharp, about one-third height of aperture (including callus); whorls 5, rapidly increasing, surface with growth-lines; suture tangential; aperture semilunar; outer lip sinuous, slightly concave in middle, and retracted above to suture; inner lip with thick parietal callus nearly covering umbilicus (which, however, is penetrating), and cemented to parietal wall along its whole outer side; umbilicus with funicle coalescing with callus, line of junction not marked by distinct groove.

Type in collection of Mr. H. J. Finlay.

Height, 32 mm.; diameter, 27 mm.

Locality.—Chatton, near Gore.

This species is very like U. propeovatus and U. ovuloides. It is distinguished from the former by the absence of deep groove at junction of funicle and callus, also by rather narrower umbilicus; from the latter by the disposition of callus, which is cemented to parietal wall along its whole length.

Uber propeovatus n. sp. (Plate 59, fig. 1.)

Shell large, ovate; spire short, pointed; spire-whorls slightly convex, body-whorl very large; suture tangential; aperture semilunar; outer lip almost straight; umbilicus of moderate width but shallow, and nearly closed by large funicle and apertural callus which projects across and down on to parietal wall; lowest lobe of callus bounded below, where it crosses funicle by deep groove.

Type in collection of New Zealand Geological Survey.

Height, 43 mm.; diameter, 35 mm.

Localities.—1135, Tirangi Stream, Ngatimaru Survey District, Taranaki (type); 895, Rapanui River mouth, and many other localities in the Tongaporutu and Onairo areas; 679, Waihou, Bay of Plenty;? 996, Kaawa Creek, south of Waikato River; Marshall's Road, Mangaehu Creek, Waimata River (Tawhiti beds);? Target Gully (one broken specimen).

Uber waipipiensis n. sp. (Plate 59, fig. 11.)

Shell large, ovate: spire short and broad but pointed; whorls on spire lightly convex, body-whorl very large; suture tangential; aperture semilunar; outer lip slightly sinuous; umbilicus widely open and deep, extending directly up towards spire; funicle large but not extending more than half-way across umbilicus; apertural callus overlapping funicle above on to parietal wall but not below.

Type in collection of New Zealand Geological Survey.

Height, 49 mm.; diameter, 47 mm.

Localities.—1101, Waipipi Beach, north of Wairoa Stream, Waverley (type); 875, 1172, mouth of Waingongoro River, Taranaki; 876, 1173, Waihi Stream, Hawera Beach; 126 (? Thomson coll.), Awatere Valley, decorticated and fragmentary (= A. suturalis of Suter, 1921, p. 30); New River, Westland;? 154, Kanieri;? Motunau beds, Weka Pass, B3; 857, above waterfall, Starborough Creek, Awatere (= P. huttoni of Suter, 1921, p. 30); 858, below waterfall, Starborough Creek, Awatere (= P. huttoni of Suter, 1921, p. 31).

Uber pateaensis n. sp. (Plate 59, fig. 10.)

Shell large, ovate; spire short and broad but pointed; whorls on spire lightly convex, body-whorl very large; suture tangential; aperture semilunar; outer lip slightly sinuous; umbilicus wide but shallow; funicle narrow below but widening suddenly above; apertural callus moderate, extending down over top of funicle as short rounded lobe bounded below by deep groove

Type in collection of New Zealand Geological Survey.

Height, 50 mm.; diameter, 45 mm.

Locality.—1171, Patea.

Uber ovuloides n. sp. (Plate 59, fig. 7.)

1873. Natica (Mamilla) ovata Hutton, Cat. Tert. Moll., p. 9, in part (not of Klipstein).

1886. Natica ovata Hector, Outline N.Z. Geol., p. 5, fig. 9, No. 15.

1893. Natica (Mamilla) ovata Hutton, Macleay Mem. Vol., p. 55, pl. 7, fig. 40.

Shell large, ovate; spire acuminate; umbilicus with large funicle; apertural callus thick, projecting slightly over funicle but not reaching across umbilical depression, thus leaving a diagonal umbilical slit; a groove in callus above lower part of funicle meets apertural margin at angle of 45°.

Type in collection of New Zealand Geological Survey.

Height, 50 mm.; diameter, 38 mm.

Localities.—1171, Patea; 1172, Waingongoro Mouth.

Great confusion has arisen over this species through the non-designation of a definite holotype. Hutton's original description gave as localities “Shakespeare Cliff; Callaghan's Creek; Motunau (L); Kanieri; Broken River (U and L); Weka Pass (M); Oamaru; Awamoa; Lyndon,” and the specimen preserved in the collection illustrating the Catalogue is labelled “Shakespeare Cliff.” This shell was figured by Suter and designated by him “holotype.” Although Thomson (preface to Pal. Bull. 2) thought it possible that Hutton selected holotypes for his species, the writer cannot agree with this. In addition to the contrary evidence cited by Thomson, the following points are also important: No mention is ever made by Hutton of the word “type”; in many cases a number of specimens were preserved; the illustrating specimen often does not agree with the dimensions quoted. It would thus be better to consider the types revised by Suter as lectotypes, except where only one locality and one specimen are represented. The use of “Shakespeare Cliff” in this instance is in a very wide sense, because the large Uber spp. do not reach any higher in the stratigraphical column than the Waitotara series, and Hutton's specimens probably came from Patea. In any case, Suter's type was wrongly attributed by him to the Wanganui district; a microscopic examination of the matrix shows that it is from locality 227, Kanieri, Westland. Moreover, it is specifically distinct from any of the Waitotaran Uber, and in the collection from 227 there are about fifty specimens agreeing in all essentials with this one. The dimensions given by Hutton are 1.45 m. × 1.25 in. (= 37 mm. × 32 mm.), but those of Suter's type are 36 mm. × 28 mm. The form that has generally been considered as the typical P. ovatus is the one from Patea which has the umbilicus almost filled by a large funicle and apertural callus, leaving always a narrow, slightly inclined penetrating slit. Both Hector's and Hutton's figures show this type of shell, so that on these grounds alone Suter's choice of a type could have been upset. The position is, however, simplified by the fact that Natica ovata is preoccupied by Klipstein (Beitrage zur geologischen Kentniss der ostlichen Alpen, 1843), so that we can start again with fresh specific names.

Uber finlayi n. sp. (Plate 57, figs. 8, 12, 13.)

Shell fairly large, ovate; spire sharp but not high; whorls about 6, slightly convex in spire; surface with numerous growth-lines; suture tangential, aperture semilunar; outer lip lightly sinuous, retracted to suture, inclined about 35° from vertical; inner lip sinuous with fairly thick callus coalescing with and little wider than funicle, which almost or quite fills the rather narrow umbilicus.

Type in collection of Mr. H. J. Finlay.

Height, 37 mm.; diameter, 34 mm.

Localities.—Boulder Hill, near Dunedin (type); Wangaloa.

This species presents such a variety of form that it is difficult to give an adequate description embracing the whole. In youth the shape is very broadly ovate or oval and funicle relatively narrow, being merely a thickening of the whole front part of inner margin; the parietal callus is wider and contracts suddenly to funicle (see Plate 57, fig. 8). This stage is represented at a higher horizon by U. incertus of Target Gully. The umbilicus is a shallow scarcely-penetrating groove. Later the shell becomes more ovate, and the sharp angle showing junction between parietal callus and umbilicus disappears, and a condition not unlike U. modestus is produced where umbilicus is quite filled. A continuation of this stage to the adult is represented by the holotype, but in many cases the funicle narrows with growth so that an umbilical groove is again formed. The top of this groove is sometimes penetrating. This form (Plate 57, fig. 13) is extremely like U. obstructus. Suter classed the species under P. gibbosus, presumably because umbilicus was sealed; but the disposition and manner of growth of callus and funicle are quite different. The well-marked sinus at posterior end of inner margin is also distinctive of the older species.

The great inclination of outer lip separates U. finlayi from U. obstructus and U. incertus; also absence of grooves across callus.

Uber senisculus n. sp. (Plate 57, fig. 6.)

Shell very small, ovate, solid; spire one-half height of aperture; whorls 5, slightly convex on spire, suture tangential; aperture semilunar to ovate; outer lip straight or slightly concave, gently retracted to suture; inner lip with moderate callus, coalescing below with large funicle; umbilical opening a rather shallow groove bounding funicle, but penetrating above.

Type in collection of Mr. H. J. Finlay.

Height, 6 mm.; diameter, 5 mm.

Locality.—Boulder Hill.

This shell looks like a miniature U. finlayi, but is certainly not the young of that species, for it has too many whorls; also, the young of U. finlayi are more globose and do not have such a wide funicle or umbilical opening.

Uber kaawaensis n. sp. (Plate 57, fig. 5.)

Shell very small, broadly ovate; spire less than half the height of aperture; whorls 4 ½, slightly convex on spire; suture tangential; aperture semilunar; outer lip almost straight, antecurrent to suture; inner lip with fairly thick callus, which has a convex parietal boundary and is much wider over umbilicus, where it coalesces with funicle and generally completely fills the opening.

Type in collection of New Zealand Geological Survey.

Height, 6 mm.; diameter, 5.5 mm.

Locality.—996, Kaawa Creek, Waikato (Dr. J. Henderson).

This species strongly resembles U. senisculus, but the umbilicus is typically much more calloused; also the parietal boundary of the callus is convex, not straight as in Boulder Hill species. It is the P. amphialus and probably the N. australis of Bartrum (1919, p. 105).

Uber esdailei n. sp. (Plate 57, fig. 9.)

Shell small, broadly ovate; spire moderate; spire-whorls convex, somewhat depressed below suture which is almost tangential; outer lip much inclined; apertural callus relatively narrow; umbilicus almost filled by funicle, but there is a narrow shallow depression; a deep groove crosses callus about top of funicle, and above this the apertural margin inclines well forward.

Type in collection of New Zealand Geological Survey.

Height, 14.5 mm.; diameter, 13 mm.

Localities.—1100, conglomerate band in Waiarekan tuffs, quarter-mile west of Lorne, North Otago (probably the same as Geol. Surv. loc. 831, collected from by T. Esdaile); Trig. M, Totara (Suter, 1921, p. 88, P. gibbosus).

Remarks.—Distinguished from others of the group by the well-inclined aperture, and single transverse groove on callus.

Uber incertus n. sp. (Plate 57, fig. 10.)

Shell of only moderate size, ovate; spire short, acuminate; suture tangential; aperture semilunar; outer lip inclined; apertural callus moderate, extending down and covering umbilicus, bounded below by a groove traversing a very narrow funicle, and projecting above this groove over to outer wall of umbilicus.

Type in collection of New Zealand Geological Survey.

Height, 22 mm.; diameter, 18 mm.

Localities.—Target Gully (type); 1161, Pakaurangi Point.

The Polinices ovatus of Suter (1921, p. 51) from “tuffs interbedded with chalk marls, Trelissick Basin,” is related to this species, but is too imperfect for definite identification.

Uber modestus n. sp. (Plate 57, fig. 7.)

Shell somewhat small, ovate, sometimes elongate; spire acuminate; outer lip much inclined except near suture, which it meets almost at right angles; apertural callus moderate; umbilicus completely filled by funicle and apertural callus; the outer margin of this callus slightly concave along most of its length, and anterior end somewhat suddenly rounded off, but not forming prominent lobe; there are sometimes two faint transverse grooves converging midway along callus.

Type in collection of New Zealand Geological Survey.

Height, 18 mm.; diameter, 13.5 mm.

Localities.—Target Gully (type); Awamoa; Pukeuri; 1150, Mokau beds, Tongaporutu River, near junction with Papakino River; 919, Mahoenui beds, Awakino Valley (= P. gibbosus of Suter); 476, Kekenodon beds, Waitaki River (= P. gibbosus of Suter); 483, “Hutchinson Quarry” beds, Wharekuri (= P. gibbosus and P. ovatus of Suter); 1065, grit band, Kururau Road, Taumarunui; 7c (? 6b,? 8a), Clifden, Southland (H. J. Finlay); All Day Bay, Kakanui (H. J. Finlay).

Uber obstructus n. sp. (Plate 57, fig. 14.)

1873. Natica (Mamilla) ovata Hutton, Cat. Tert. Moll., p. 9, in part (not of Klipstein).

1914. Polinices (Mamma) ovatus (Hutton): Suter, N.Z. Geol. Surv. Pal. Bull, 2, p. 21, pl. 17, fig. 1 a, b.

Shell of moderate size, ovate; spire acuminate; outer lip well inclined but bending above to meet suture; umbilicus narrow, almost or