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Volume 73, 1943-44
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Genus Chiloscyphus.

Cheilosoyphus Corda in Opiz, Beitr., I, 1829; emend. Schiffn., Oest. bot. Zeit, 1910.

Plants pale to dark green or brown, usually of a creeping habit, on earth, decaying wood or humus. Stems simple or more often irregularly branched, rhizoids present at the bases of the stipules. Leaves succubous, i.e., the ventral margin of each leaf lies underneath

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the dorsal of the one above it, not on top of it as in Bazzania; opposite or alternate, contiguous or imbricate, usually horizontally spreading, sometimes connivent, entire or toothed both apically or laterally. Stipules always present, variously shaped, rarely entire, connate with leaves on one or both sides, seldom free. Perianths on very short lateral branches, campanulate or cup-shaped, mouth three-lobed, rarely entire, usually coarsely dentate. Involucral leaves in few pairs, usually smaller than the cauline. Androecia spicate on short lateral branches, or intercalary on the stem or on long branches, bracts usually larger when intercalary, in few or many pairs, saccate, each containing an antheridium.

Key to Species.
1. Leaf apices entire 2.
Leaf apices dentate 10.
2. Stipules reniform (broadly or narrowly) 3.
Stipules shaped otherwise 6.
3. Stipules entire 4.
Stipules notentire 5.
4. Stipules convex, cucullate, papillose, leaves deltoid-ovate decipiens
Stipules broad with saccate lobes, leaves quadrate with saccate lobes cymbaliferus
5. Leaves ovate, vential margin straight or slightly undulate, at right angles to the stem, stipules lacerate supinus
Leaves triangular-ovate, stipules toothed ammophilus
6. Stipules bifid, connate with leaf on one side only, leaf apex variable compactus
Stipules connate with leaf on both sides, leaf apices not or scarcely variable 7.
7. Stipules short, more or less quadrate 8.
Stipules neither short nor quadrate 9.
8. Leaves ovate-lingulate, stipules 3–4 toothed beckettianus
Leaves triangular-ovate, stipules bispinose conistipulus
Leaves oblong, stipules with wide and shallow sinus normalis
9. Stipules deeply cut into 5–6 spreading laciniae, leaves pale, ovate-lingulate polycladus
Stipules ovate, shortly bifid, leaves dark, half-orbicular, or broadly ovate menziesii
10. Leaf apex bidentate 11.
Leaf apex pluridentate 21.
11. Leaf margin toothed 12.
Leaf margin entire or almost so 14.
12. Leaves toothed on both margins, broadly triangular, stipules reniform, toothed billardieri
Leaves toothed on ventral margin only, stipules not reniform 13.
13. Ventral margin 3–5 spinose, leaves oblong-ovate, cells ca. 30–35 μ multispinus
Ventral margin 1–5 spinose, leaves trapezoid-ovate, cells ca. 40–45 μ lyallii
14. Leaves sub-orbicular, often connivent, stipules broadly ovate bidentatus
Leaves not orbicular 15.
15. Leaves densely crowded, triangular-ovate 16.
Leaves not so dense, not triangular-ovate 17.
16. Stipules 5–6 partite, as tall as, or taller than broad, ventral margin undulate sinuosus
Stipules broader than tall, sinus shallow, ventral margin not undulate cuneistipulus
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17. Leaf apex truncate or nearly so, leaves large 18.
Leaf apex not truncate, leaves smaller 20.
18. Leaves ovate-quadrate, stipules short, four-toothed, broadly connate on both sides to leaf coalitus
Leaves oblong, stipules more or less small, bifid, connate with leaf on one side, narrowly so or free, on the other side 19.
19. Stipules very small, bifid to base, segments lanceolate allodontus
Apical teeth smaller, occasionally obsolete, stipules not bifid to base, with one or two lateral teeth oblongifolius
20. Leaves oblong-ovate, stipules bifid physanthus
Leaves ovate, stipules ovate chlorophyllus
21. Plants small 22.
Plants medium to robust 24.
22. Plants glaucous when fresh, leaves contiguous 23.
Plants with metallic sheen, leaves distant, apex unequally 3–4 toothed, cells large laxus
23. Leaves muricate, apices 3-spinulose, middle spine the longest, stipules bifid with 2–3 small lateral teeth echinellus
Leaves not muricate, apices 3-dentate or variable, stipules bifid but wider, laciniae each with a smaller lateral segment tridentatus
24. Leaves opposite, stipules reniform-lacerate, connate on both sides with leaf 25.
Leaves more or less alternate, apex 3-spined, stipules not reniform, many-spined, one side more longly and narrowly connate with the leaf than the other triacanthus
25. Leaves ovate-barrel-shaped, apex 3–4 toothed, ventral margin arched fissistipus
Leaves ovate-triangular, apex 3-spinose, dorsal margin decurved renistipulus
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