μ; epispore pallid olivaceous, 1 μ thick, densely covered with fine round-topped warts which are 0.25 μ in length and often arranged in broken striae, appearing areolate.

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Spore length μ/Frequency (N):5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14/11 57 38 40 21 17 2 11 1 2 =200spose.

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Spore breadth μ/Frequency (N):4 [ unclear: ] 6 7/25 00 2

Type Locality: France, on Carex riparia Curt.

Hosts: Carea dipsacea Berggr.

Auckland: Helensville, January, 1924, E. H. Atkinson;

Tapuwai, Hokianga, December, 1923, E. H. A.

Wellington: Seatoun coast, December, 1923, J. C. Neill-G. H. C.

Carex riparia Curt.

Wellington: Wanganui, February, 1943, I. W. Davey.

Carex ternaria Forst. f.

Auckland: Piha, January, 1944, Joan M. Dingley.

Distribution: Europe; Great Britain; North and South America; Ceylon; Japan; Africa; Australia; Tasmania; New Zealand.

Characters of the species are the frequently oblong spores, nodose hyphae of the fascicles, and finely warted, thin, light-coloured epispore. Most sori are olivaceous, with fine yellowish fascicles; others are fuscous and partly covered with a conspicuous torn fungous membrane. Spore size varies in the collections listed, the spores on C. ternaria being shorter and slightly narrower, with a mean (100 spores) of 6.45 ×5μ24 μ. Not infrequently spores occur in chains, and may extend in length to 16 μ. Hyphae of the fascicles are thin-walled, inflated at the septa, and frequently nodose, a condition confined to this species and therefore useful in diagnosis.

2. Farysia merrillii (P. Hennings) Sydow, Fig. 3.Annales Mycologici, vol. 17, p. 41, 1919.

Ustilago merrillii P. Henn., Hedw., vol. 47, p. 250, 1908.

Farysia javanica Racib., Bull. d′ l'Acad. Sci. Cracovie, p. 354, 1909.

Cintractia merrillii (P. Henn.) Sacc. & Trott., Syll. Fung., vol. 21, p. 510, 1912.

Sori in occasional ovaries, long remaining compact, when globose or pulvinate, to 2 mm. diameter, black, fungous membrane scanty; fascicles yellowish, delicate, seldom extending more than 2–3 mm. beyond the sori, round, equal, to 20 μ diameter, hyphae thin-walled, 3 μ. Spores broadly elliptical or subglobose, less commonly globose, 6–13 ×6–11 μ, mean 8.9 ×8.5 μ; epispore dark olive, 2–2.5 μ thick, covered with closely arranged irregular warts about 0.5 μ tall, areolate.

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Spore length μ/Frequency (N):6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13/3 8 32 25 22 5 4 1=100 spores.

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Spore length μ/Frequency (N):6 7 8 9 10 11/3 9 39 37 9 3

Type Locality: Luzon, Philippine Islands, on Carex sp.

Host: Carex virgata Sol.

Wellington: Pencarrow, February, 1921, E. H. Atkinson; Wainuiomata, February, 1924, J. C. Neill.

Distribution: Philippine Islands; Borneo; Java; New Zealand.

Sydow ascertained by examining type specimens that Farysia javanica was identical with Ustilago merrillii. New Zealand collections agree with specimens from Java, on Carex sp., kindly forwarded by Dr. Boedijn. The species may be recognised by the compact sori, delicate short fascicles and thick-walled, broadly elliptical, finely areolated spores.

Fig. 1.—Spores of Farysia olivacea from Carex [ unclear: ] . FIG. 2.—Spores of Farysia olivacea from Carex dipsacea. Fig. 3.—Spores of Farysia merrillii from Carex virgata. Fig. 4.—Spores of Farysia endotricha from Gahnia xanthocarpa. Fig. 5.—Spores of Farysia pseudocyperi from Carex dissita. Fig. 6.—Spores of Farysia nigra from Carex dipsacea. All ×700.

3. Farysia nigra G. H. Cunningham, Fig. 6.Trans. N.Z. Inst., vol. 56, p. 78, 1926.

Elateromyces niger G. H. Cunn., Trans. N.Z. Inst., vol. 55, p. 416, 1924.

Sori in occasional ovaries, at first compact and partly enclosed within a fungous membrane, elliptical, to 6 mm. long; black and semi-pulverulent when exposed; fascicles numerous, conspicuous, about 10 mm. long, dark olivaceous, to 30 μ diameter, tapering, hyphae thin-walled, 2.5–3 μ thick. Spores subglobose, elliptical, fusoid, or less commonly globose, 6–12 ×5–10 μ, mean 8.7 ×7.7 μ; epispore fuscous, 1–1.5 μ thick, covered with fine, irregular warts about 0.25 μ tall, which may be joined to form irregular broken striae; endospore yellow, 1–1.5 μ thick, irregular.

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Spore length μ/Frequency (N):6 7 8 9 10 12/2 25 59 53 53 7 1=200 spores.

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Spore length μ/Frequency (N):5 6 7 8 9 10/4 18 63 66 41

Host: Carex dipsacea Berggr.

Wellington: Pencarrow coast, February, 1921, E. H. Atkinson, type collection.

Distribution: New Zealand.

Separated from the preceding by the prominent olivaceous fascicles and different colour and markings of the spores; from F. pseudocyperi by the copious dark fascicles and larger spores. The spore wall is composed of two evident layers, a dark verruculose epispore and irregular yellow endospore which together are 2.5–3 μ in thickness.

4. Farysia pseudocyperi (de Toni) Zundel, Fig. 5.Mycologia, vol. 23, p. 297, 1931.

Ustilago olivacea f. pseudocyperi de Toni, in Sacc. Syll. Fung., vol. 7, p. 463, 1888.

Sori in occasional ovaries, enclosed in an evident membrane, soon pulverulent when dark olive, almost black, elliptical, to 3 mm. long; fascicles scanty, yellowish, extending 2–3 mm. beyond the sorus, from 8 to 32 μ thick, not tapering, hyphae not nodose, thin-walled, 3 μ diameter. Spores broadly elliptical, fusoid, obovate, sub-globose or globose, 5–12 ×5–9 μ, mean 7.5 ×6 4 μ; epispore olivaceous, 1–1.5 μ thick, covered with round-topped evenly spaced verrucae, 0.25 μ or less, sometimes more prominent on one side, often in lines; [ unclear: ] ndospore yellow, 1–1 5 μ thick.

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Spore length μ/Frequency (N):5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12/5 52 50 54 14 21 2=200 spores.

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Spore length μ/Frequency (N):5 6 7 8 9 /26 95 54 23 2

Type Locality: Argentine, on Carex pseudocyperus L.

Host: Carex dissita Sol.

Auckland: Cowes Bay, Waiheke Island, January, 1945, Joan M. Dingley.

Distribution: South America; China; India; New Zealand.

The species resembles F. nigra in general shape and markings of the spores, and especially in the presence of a conspicuous yellow endospore; but is separated by the yellow scanty fascicles and smaller, more finely sculptured spores. Spore measurements agree closely with those given by Mundkur (1940) for a collection on C. condensata Nees from India.

5. Farysia endotricha (Berkeley) Sydow, Fig. 4.Annales Mycologici, vol. 17, p. 41, 1919.

Ustilago endotricha Berk., Fl. N.Z., vol. 2, p. 196. 1855.

Elateromyces endotrichus (Berk.) G. H. Cunn., Trans. N.Z. Inst., vol. 55, p. 416, 1924.

Sori on peduncles and main axes of inflorescences, not in ovaries, black, at first compact and enclosed within a greyish fungous membrane, to 20 mm. long; fascicles numerous, to 15 mm. long, forming prominent tufted masses, to 50 μ thick at the base, tapering, flattened, olive, hyphae thick-walled, 3 μ. Spores broadly elliptical or sub-globose, obovate, or less commonly globose, 9–17 ×9–15 μ, mean 12.7 ×11.7 μ; epispore dark olivaceous, 2–3 μ thick, densely clothed with irregular flat-topped deciduous tubercules, 0.5 μ tall, strongly areolated.