exposed summit rocks, filling cracks, etc., Mount Moehau, 2,950 ft., L. B. Moore; dry steep bank under manuka, ca. 950 ft., Ongaroto Road; dry bank, partial shade, Old Mangaiti Road, both near Atiamuri; shady rock on hillside with south exposure, Kaingaroa Plains, all coll. K. W. Allison; Mount Maungapohatu, Urewera, ca. 4,000 ft., B. Teague.

South Island: Marlborough, J. H. McMahon; growing freely on damp rocks, foot of Otira Gorge; on dry rocky outcrop, Avalanche Creek, 3,000 ft.; near base of waterfall on rock, Avalanche Peak, 3,000 ft., Arthur's Pass, W. Martin; headwaters of E. Branch of Hawdon R., North Canterbury, H. M. Hodgson; Regina Valley, South Westland, B. Teague.

Summit rocks on Mount Anglem, 3,200 ft., Stewart Is., 1/3/46, W. Martin; Campbell Is., J. H. Sorensen, Jan., 1946; Mount Honey, Campbell Is., R. L. Oliver, 24/9/44; frozen ground and snow showers, Flat-topped Mt., Auckland Is., E. G. Turbott, 19/8/44.

A note in the Flora Antarctica is: “This is one of the most universally diffused species in the Southern Hemisphere.” Cape of Good Hope is the first of the localities mentioned in the Synopsis.

Jamesoniella sonderi (G.) St.

• Jungermannia sonderi Gott., Linnaea, 550, 1856,

• Jam. sonderi St., Hedwigia, 48, 1895; Spec. Hep., ii, 99, 1901–05; Rod., Tas. Bry., ii, 31, 1916.

• Jam. nervosa Berggr., N.Z. Hep., i, 15.

• Jam. hectori, ibid., 13.

Plants decumbent or erect, very variable, light brown to dark purple. Stem blackish, subflexuous, to 6 cm., but generally shorter, with few branches, apex not, or little curved, rarely flagelliferous. Leaves frequently shiny, imbricate, contiguous or remote, lower ones or occasionally all, may be squarrose, obliquely obovate, often whitening with age, ventral margin inflexed, i.e., towards the stem, decurrent. Cells variable in size and shape, but mainly quadrate with thick walls, mid-basal conspicuously rectangular. Invol. leaves hidden, variously laciniate, subinvol. rounded, spreading a little, stipule free, also laciniate. Perianth oblong-ovate, 6–12 plicate, mouth contracted sub-entire.

An unstable species, varying in colour size and in the texture of the leaves, but none of the forms seem able to be separated sufficiently satisfactorily to constitute another species. Berggren's J. nervosa and J. hectori, pieces of which have been sent by Dr. Verdoorn, are considered by Stephani to be the same, though nervosa is certainly more slender and with smaller and remote leaves. J. colorata is the most likely to be confused with J. sonderi, but it has a roughened leaf surface, while J. occlusa is much rarer and has the ventral margin curved outwards.

The following are the localities of the plants studied: Great Barrier, sub nomine Leioscyphus ansatus, T. Kirk, 6172 P. R. B. Herb.; Te Whau, 4889 P. R. B. Herb., also coll. T. Kirk; on paths, etc., Arikikapakapa Reserve, Rotorua, K. W. Allison; edge of paths, Whakarewarewa Thermal Reserve; shady roadside cutting, Mahia Peninsula, both coll. E. A. Hodgson; Whakapapa (1930); on rock,

Maungaturuturu, Mount Ruapehu (1932); in running stream on rock, Maungaturuturu Gorge (1929); in bed of creek, Mount Ruapehu (1932); edge of pool in open tussock, Mount Hauhangatahi, ca. 4,500 ft. (1932); also Mount Egmont, all coll. G. O. K. Sainsbury; Te Matawai, Tararuas, 24690 P. R. B. Herb.; Ruamahanga, 9256 P. R. B. Herb.; watercourse west of Kime Hut, 7661 P. R. B., Herb.; watercourse, north face of Mount Hector, 7410 P. R. B. Herb.; West Peak, Tararuas, ca. 4,600 ft., 7383 P. R. B. Herb., all coll. V. D. Zotov.

South Island: damp ground, forest margin, near Bealey Glacier; dry rock outcrop, 3,000 ft., near Avalanche Peak, Arthur's Pass; Upper Bealey Forest, all coll. Wm. Martin; Arthur's Pass, H. M. Hodgson; Arthur's Pass, A. L. Hodgson; Bealey R. (J. nervosa) Bealey R. (J. hectori), S. Berggren, 1874; Regina Valley, South Westland, B. Teague; Silver Peak, Dunedin, 24689 P. R. B. Herb., G. Simpson; rock crevice on east face of Maungatua Range, Otago, ca. 1,200 ft., K. W. Allison; near Summit on open ground on gully side, Maungatua Range, Otago, ca. 2,500 ft., 11/1/46, K. W. Allison; on dripping rock face, waterfall, Head of Glory Harbour, Stewart Is., 3/46, W. Martin.

Also found in Tasmania, where the type was probably collected.

Mention must here be made of Jamesoniella nigrescens St., Hedwigia, 1895, Spec. Hep., ii, 48, Syn. Jam. patula St. The drawing of this plant does not differ essentially from J. sonderi, but according to the description, the antical margin is broadly incurved, and the trigones are sub-nodulose: No Jamesoniella with incurved dorsal margins has yet come to hand, and I am inclined to think that this is an error on Stephani's part, and that J. nigrescens St. is J. sonderi, especially as the latter does have patulous leaves.

^*Jamesoniella occlusa (Tayl.) St.

Jung. occlusa Tayl., in Lond. Journ. of Bot., 1844, 369; Fl. Antarct., 1847.

Alicularia occlusa G., L. et N., Syn. Hep., 619 (Supp.), 1847.

Jamesoniella occlusa St., Spec. Hep., ii, 102, 1901–05.

Plants sterile, varying shades of brown, in bogs or watery places. Stems to 10 cm., simple or branched, branches lying in the same direction as the stems, scarcely flexuous. Leaves imbricate, appressed, dorsally secund, broader than tall, 1.2 mm. tall by ca. 1.9 mm. broad, sub-reniform, the greater part of the leaf on the dorsal side of the stem, ventral margin markedly reflexed, the actual margin itself again finely but definitely reflexed (in Ohakune specimen). Cells varying in size, round about 20 μ, marginal smaller, basal longer with trigones more in evidence, walls thick.

We are indebted to Dr. Herzog for this identification. The measurements given are those of the Ohakune plant, which is by far the most robust and aquatic-looking of the three, the stems being matted and many of the leaves waterworn. It differs from J. sonderi in the leaves being subrcniform, and broader than tall, and in the ventral margin being recurved, i.e., curved away from the stem, which makes it at once recognisable.

The known localities are: near Ohakune Mountain Hut, 4,500 ft., G. O. K. Sainsbury; bog near Kime Hut, Tararuas, L. B. Moore; watercourse on north face of Mount Hector, 4,300 ft., V. D. Zotov, 7495 P. R. B. Herb.

The original plant was from Campbell Island, leg. Hooker.

Jamesoniella kirkii St.

Jung. flexicaulis Nees, in Handb. N.Z. Fl., ii, 502, 1867.

Jam. scolopendrina Berggr., in Hep. Nov. Zel., i, 16.

Jam. kirkii, Spec. Hep., ii, 94.

Plants in broad flattish tufts, robust, pale brownish green. occasionally rose-tinted, seldom fruiting. Stems very flexuose, apex usually arcuate towards the dorsal surface, to 4 or 5 cm. when straightened out, simple or sub-dichotomously branched, branches lateral or postical, sometimes with minute leaves, rhizoids sometimes present. Leaves closely imbricate, dorsally secund, obliquely inserted, obliquely ovate; dorsal margin may be undulate, basal marginal portion sometimes inflexed; each ventral leaf-base, in turn, overlapping a portion of the nearest opposite leaf, thus producing a plaited effect along the whole length of the stem. Cells marginal, ca. 15 μ, increasing inwards to ca. 35 μ, basal still larger, trigones large, confluent. Invol. leaves broadly concave, plicate, with the folds fitting into those of the perianth. Stipule shortly bifid, with segments acuminate also with 2 smaller lateral segments also acuminate. Perianth ovate, plicate with folds inflated, mouth contracted, finely ciliate.

An outstanding and constant species, always knowable by the flexuose stem and the dorsally conniving ovate leaves.

In the Handbook this species is represented under the name of Jungermannia flexicaulis. Nees, a Javan species, and the Flora Novae Zelandiae remarks that “the specimens agree entirely with authentic ones from Java and also from the Sandwich Islands”. Having examined Javan plants kindly sent by Drs. Verdoorn and Herzog respectively, I am inclined to agree with the Flora Novae Zelandiae, though the New Zealand plants are, if anything, more rigid than the Javan.

Localities of specimens examined are:—

North Island: North Auckland, H. B. Matthews; on fallen lim [ unclear: ] of rimu, Roto-a-kui bush, E. of Taupo, ca. 2,500 ft., K. W. Allison; Wairaumoana, Waikaremoana, Mrs. G. O. K. Sainsbury; Waikaremoana, 2,000 ft., E. A. H.; Mount Holdsworth, W. Martin.

South Island: Marlborough, J. H. McMahon; in forest, watershed of Kaituna Creek, Nelson, G. Simpson and S. Thomson; tree trunk with Hymenophyllum demissum, Ten Mile Creek, Greymouth, E. B. Ashcroft; Taylorville, M. Berry; Teremakau, S. Berggren,

1874, comm. Fr. Verdoorn; common on trees, Kelly Range, 2,700 ft., Arthur's Pass, W. Martin; headwaters E. Branch of Hawdon R., North Canterbury, H. M. Hodgson.

The Handbook gives Canterbury, Travers, and Tararuas, Colenso, as localities.

Jamesoniella tasmanica (Tayl.).

Jung. tasmanica Tayl., in Lond. Journ. of Bot., 274, 1846; G., L. et N., Syn. Hep., 678 (Supp.), 1867; Fl. Tas., 1860; St., Spec. Hep., ii, 100; Rod., Tas. Bry., ii, 31, 191.

Plants light green, sometimes tinged with red, in matted patches on logs, stumps, earth and humus. Stems 2–3 cm., decumbent, not wiry, considerably branched, rhizoids abundant. Leaves imbricate, ovate to broadly ovate, obliquely spreading, decurved, margins may be somewhat uneven, apex obtuse, or maybe retuse. Cells rather obscure, ca. 25–30 μ, trigones small or negligible. Invol. leaves and stipule toothed or laciniate. Perianth 3–4 mm., more tubular than ovate, mouth plicate, fimbricate-ciliate, grooves rarely extending downwards. Involucre sometimes enclosing archegonia with an undeveloped perianth. Androecia terminal or intercalary, in about 6–10 pairs, bracts saccate but otherwise scarcely different from the ordinary leaves.

A definite species, differing from all the others in New Zealand in its striking similarity to the entire-leaved species of Lophocolea, that is, of course, from the dorsal aspect. From Plagiochila gregarïa it can be distinguished by the more ovate leaves, with the dorsal margins not revolute from the base as in that species, and by the radicellose stems.

Specimens are from the following places:—On ground and old logs in clearing in taraire forest, Waiwera, north of Auckland, L. B. Moore; on stumps and humus, Waipoua Forest, 2 gatherings; on log in damp, heavy bush, Trounson Kauri Park, north of Dargaville, K. W. Allison; beech forest, N.E. Ruahines, ca. 2,500 ft., A. P. Druce, 2 gatherings; a1714 and a1655, Herb. Colenso; Ruahines foothills, Dannevirke, A. L. Hodgson; Stewart Island, Mrs. J. D. Smith; also on earth bank, ± 2,500 ft., Roto-a-kui bush, E. of Taupo, K. W. Allison.

Jamesoniella inflexo-limbata Herz.

J. inflexo-limbata Herz., New Sp. N.Z. Hep., 2, Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z., vol. 68, p. 41, 1938.

Plants small, forming loosely woven, widely extended mats on sloping rocks of crater rim, Mount Tongariro, greenish when fresh, drying to cream and pale shades of brown. Stem to about 2 cm., flexuous, filiform, a little branched, partly or sometimes wholly julaceous. Leaves minute, imbricate or not, oval, entire, strongly concave, margins hyaline, showing signs of weathering, usually appressed to the stem, but the upper ones may be erecto-patent and somewhat larger. Cells ca. 20 μ, quadrate to hexagonal, trigones 0 or negligible. Invol. leaves and stipule appressed to the perianth and hard to discern, irregularly toothed or lobed. Perianth ca. 1.5 mm., usually ovate, may be oblong-ovate, or even oblong-obovate, grooved, or inflated with just the apex plicate, mouth lobed with the laciniae generally elongate.