Distribution. Mostly on the eastern side of the main divide of the South Island. Additional localities: Dun Mtn., Mt. Arthur, St. Arnaud Range, Mt. Isobel, Lead Hill, Mt. St. Mary, Humboldt Mtns., Maungatua. Homer Valley, Mount Peel (Canterbury), Takahe Valley.

The localities Mt. Rochfort and Mt. William recorded for this species (l.c., p. 687) should be transferred to D. densum.

Dracophyllum minimum F. v. Muell.

Dracophyllum minimum F. v. Muell: Oliver. Trans. N. Z. Inst., 59, 685, 1929.

There are two species mixed in my account of D. minimum. The specimens with upright stems (Fig. 1, top) are the true D. minimum. The lower specimen is a Sprengelia from Lake Dora, Tasmania. D. minimum forms cushions of upright branches 6–10 cm. tall. Leaves closely appressed, 6–7 mm. long, acute, with broad base 2 mm. or more across. Flowers terminal, corolla tube 4 mm. long, anthers included, lobes spreading. D. minimum is near D. prostratum, but is of much more compact growth and has broader leaves.

Type: From Mt. La Perouse, Tasmania, A. Oldfield, in the Melbourne Herbarium.

Distribution. Additional localities: Cradle Mountain, Elden Bluff, Mt. Victoria.

Dracophyllum densum Oliver sp.n.

Frutex humilis, saepe prostratus. multo ramosus. Rami foliis aridis vestiti Folia linearia, apice obtusa, basi supra concava, apice supra plana, subtus carinata, 12 mm. longa, viridia; vagina breve, margine ciliato Flores solitarii, terminales. Sepala ovata, ciliata. Corolla tubo 5 mm. longo, lobis imbricatis, triangularibus. Antherae sessiles Ovarium obconicum, truncatum, 5-loculare. Capsula truncata, 2 mm. diam.

A low, often prostrate, much branched shrub, with dense foliage. Branches rough, the lower ones ridged, dark grey to dark brown above, reddish-brown below, the branchlets usually covered with dead leaves. Leaves linear, obtuse, basal half of upper surface concave, apical half flat, under surface ridged, sheath short, one sixth the length of the leaf, margin sheared away from blade, minutely ciliate. Leaf blade green or olive green, sheath brown with white margin Length of leaf 12 mm. (including sheath 2 mm.). Flowers solitary, terminating short, leafy branchlets. Bracts and sepals narrowly ovate, scarcely overtopping the flowers, the sheath running gradually into the lamina, margin ciliate. Corolla tube 5 mm. long, lobes imbricate, triangular, with a central ridge on the inner face, 1 ½ mm. long. Anthers sessile, at the throat of the corolla tube. Ovary obconic, truncate, 5-lobed. Capsule about 2 mm. across, truncate.

Type from Mount Rochfort, collected by W. R. B. Oliver, March 2, 1949, in Dominion Museum.

In habit and size much like D. politum, but leaves smaller, with much smaller sheaths, and drying green or olive green.

From D. pronum it differs in its more contracted and its semi-erect habit, more dense foliage, and larger leaves with more acute tips. Whereas D. pronum trials over the ground for 30 to 60 cm. or more, D. densum forms a low shrub, the outer branches being prostrate, the central ones erect but short. On Mount Davy, in the Paparoa Range, in rock crevices, the stems grow to a height of five or six feet.

It differs from both pronum and uniflorum by its branchlets being clothed with dead leaves or their bases.

Distribution. Mt. Rochfort and Denniston Plateau, Mt. William, Mt. Davy.

Dracophyllum politum (Cheesem.) Ckne.

Dracophyllum politum (Cheesem.) Ckne.: Oliver, Trans. N.Z. Inst., 59, 687, 1929.

A stout, prostrate plant with rigid leaves whose old bases clothe the branches below the living leaves. In this respect it agrees with D. pearsoni, D. densum, D. prostratum, and D. muscoides to differ from D. pronum and the D. uniflorum group. Leaves slightly curved inwards, sheath large, without cilia or only odd ones, leaf blade concave above for about two-thirds, then flattened to the tip, which is rounded and flattened. Under surface obscurely keeled. Flowers solitary, subtended by very broad, blunt-pointed bracts. The leaves dry reddish-brown as they do in its near relative D. pearsoni. D. politum differs from D. densum in its stouter leaves with large sheaths, and in the reddish-brown bark and leaves.

Type: Mt. Maungatua, 3,000 ft. D. Petrie, in Auckland Museum.

Distribution. Additional localities: Wilmot Pass, Rock and Pillar Range.

Dracophyllum pearsoni Kirk

Dracophyllum pearsoni Kirk: Oliver, Trans. N.Z. Inst., 59, 687, 1929.

This species is close to D. politum, both of which differ from all other species of Dracophyllum in their branchlets being covered with reddish-brown leaves.

Type: According to Kirk, collected by W. L. Pearson on Stewart Island, exact locality doubtful, in Dominion Museum.

Distribution. Additional localities: Near South Cape, Rakiahua, Table Hill, all in Stewart Island. Facile Harbour, Dusky Sound.

Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium (Forst. f.) R. Br.

Epacris rosmarinifolium Forst. f., Fl. Ins. Austr. Prodr., 13, 1786. Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium (Forst. f.) R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl., 556, 1810. Richard, Fl. Nouv. Zel., 220, 1832 (Forster's full description). A. P. DeCandolle, Prodr. Syst. Nat. Veg., 7,770, 1938. Oliver, Trans. N.Z. Inst., 59, 690, 1929 (Mount Barber specimen only). Allan, Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z., 69, 272, 1939.

The synonymy given in my former paper (p. 689) under the heading D. rosmarinifolium should be allocated to the three species there named as here accepted.

In 1786 G. Forster described Epacris rosamarinifolia in a very brief diagnosis, but a fuller description by the same botanist was published in Richard's work on the flora of New Zealand, 1832. The species has been misunderstood by botanists dealing with the New Zealand flora mainly because it was not collected after Forster's visit until 1887, when Reischek brought back some scraps from Chalky Inlet. In 1912 Petrie collected it on the Takitimu Mountains. But in neither of these cases was it recognised as Forster's species. In 1927, that is 140 years after Forster's visit, I brought back a short series of specimens from Mt. Barber, above Wilmot Pass, and these enabled me to recognise it as the plant described by Forster, although I mistakenly united it (l.c., p. 689) with the widely distributed species described by Hooker as uniflorum. Allan (l.c.) after inspecting Forster's specimens in the British Museum, declared that my account included two distinct subspecies or species. With this I agree, and so in this paper have restricted Forster's rosmarinifolium to the plant now known to occur only in the Fiordland region and some of the mountain ranges to the eastward. In Cheesman's Flora

(1906 and 1925 editions), following Hooker, the name rosmarinifolium is applied to the species herein called pronum. On a similar erroneous identification, Cockayne synonymized politum with rosmarinifolium in the Vegetation of New Zealand, 1928, and Simpson (Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z., 75, 191, 1945), argued that he was correct. The true rosmarinifolium, however, is an upright form entirely different from the prostrate species politum and pronum.

All this confusion is really due to the fact that Forster's species was not again collected for more than a hundred years after he visited Dusky Sound and was not recognised for another forty years.

It is necessary to give a description of D. rosmarinifolium, as all accounts under that name are either inadequate or confused.

An erect shrub, 50 cm. or more tall, with rather stout, upright stems terminated by a cluster of 10 to 15 branches arising at acute angles. Branches 1 ½ to 2 ½ mm. in diameter, clear for 4 to 5 cm., with regular transverse leaf scars, and terminated by a narrow bunch of leaves. Leaves linear, gradually tapering to an acute, sometimes blunt, point. Sheath with the sides meeting only a short distance from the base, upper portion slightly angled or cut away, light reddish-brown with paler ribs, margins minutely ciliate. Leaf blade 30 to 35 mm. long, 2 to 2 ½ mm. wide at base, sheath 7 mm. long. On non-flowering specimens, presumably young, leaf blade 50 by 2 ½ mm., sheath 12 mm. Flowers single, terminating short, stout branchlets clustered near the tops of the branches. The leaves or bracts beneath the flowers are short and broad, the sheaths of the upper ones being longer than the blades. Sepals narrowly ovate, margin pale and minutely ciliate. Corolla tube 6 mm. long with five broad, triangular, imbricate lobes. Stamens within the top of the corolla tube. Capsule depressed, splitting widely into five valves.

Although this species is nearest to D. uniflorum, it differs appreciably in the stoutness of all its parts. This is especially noticeable in the broad, robust bracts surrounding the flowers. The leaves are much wider and are blunter at the apex than in uniflorum.

Type: Dusky Sound, G. Forster, 1773, in British Museum or Gottingen University.

Distribution: On mountains at altitudes of 3,000 to 4,000 ft. or more in the south-west of the South Island. Dusky Sound, G. Forster, 1773; Chalky Inlet, A. Reischek, 1887; Takitimu Mountains, D. Petrie, 1912; Copland River, A. Wall, 1923; Mtns. above Hay River, W. A. Thomson, 1926; Mt. Barber, W. R. B. Oliver, 1927; Mt. Pakiri, G. Simpson, 1944; Garvie Mtns., G. Simpson; Key Summit, W. R. B. Oliver, 1944; Mtns. above Caswell Sound, A. L. Poole, V. D. Zotov, W. R. B. Oliver, 1949.

The plant from Key Summit is more slender in all its parts than those from other localities and has shorter, narrower leaves.

Dracophyllum uniflorum Hook. f.

Dracophyllum uniflorum Hook. f., Handbk. N.Z. Flora, 182, 1864. Cheesem., Man. N.Z. Fl., 427, 1906, and Ed. 2, 709, 1925 (excluding varieties). D. rosmarinifolium Oliver, not Forst., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 59, 689, 1929. D. uniflorum Hook. f. var. frondosum Simpson, Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z., 79, 424, 1952.

Three varieties of this species can be defined. (1) The typical form is an erect shrub with the leaf tips ending in short acicular points. (2) Upright shrub with short, blunt-pointed leaves. (3) Var. frondosum Simpson. A trailing shrub with narrow, needle-pointed leaves. In the blunt-leaved form there is a tendency

to trail when growing in open. rocky situations such as the Mineral Belt, Dun Mountain.

Type of species: Wairau Mtns., Marlborough. W. T. L. Travers, in Kew Herbarium. Var. frondosum. Deep Stream, Otago. G. Simpson, in Dept. Sci. Ind. Res., Wellington.

Distribution. (1) Typical form. Marlborough and East Nelson southwards to Otago and Fiordland. Localities listed on p. 690, except Mt. Holdsworth, Mineral Belt, an Takitimu Mtns. Additional localities: St. Arnaud Ra., Mt. Isobel, Lead Hill. Clarence Valley, Upper Awatere, Papanui (Armstrong, 1865), Sealy Ra., Garvie Mtns., Mt. Ida. Rough Peaks, Kirkliston Range, Swampy Hill, Alex Knob, Mt. Moltke. Mt. Greenland, Takahe Valley. Wilmot Pass. Caswell Sound, Dusky Sound, Preservation Inlet.

(2) Form with blunt-pointed leaves. Kaimanawa Ra., Ruahine Ra., Tararua Ra., Mineral Belt.

(3) Var. frondosum. Deep Stream. Maungatua, Mt. St. Mary, Garvie Mtns.

Dracophyllum acerosum Berggr.

Dracophyllum acerosum Berggren, Minn. Fis. Sallsk. Lund, 28, 15, 1877. D. uniflorum var. acicularifolium Cheeseman. Man. N.Z. Fl., 427, 1906. D. acicularifolium Cockayne, Rept. Scenery Pres., 4. 915. D. peninsulare Oliver, Trans. N.Z. Inst., 59, 690, 1929.

An erect shrub 1–2 m. tall, stems upright, branches and leaves diverging little from the stems. Leaves narrow linear, acicular, concave above, rounded below at basal end, ridged at apical end where the margin is minutely serrate: sheath oblong, shouldered and ciliate on the margin above. Leaf blade 70 × 1 ½ mm. (Kowai Valley) to 190 × 1 ½ mm., sheaths 20 × 5 mm. (Banks Peninsula). Flowers solitary, mainly clustered below the topmost leaves, each on a short branchlet surrounded by bracts. When the flowers fall away, short stalks are left on the branches. Lower bracts leaflike, about 25 mm. long. Sepals narrow ovate, acuminate, reaching to the top of the corolla tube. margins ciliate. Corolla tube 7 mm., lobes 2 ½ mm.

This species, recognised by its strict habit; long leaves and solitary flowers, has received three specific names, the earliest being Berggren's. There is no doubt as to the identification of Berggren's species, as there is, in the Dominion Museum, a specimen from Mount Torlesse collected by Berggren himself. In any case, there is no other long-leaved species in this locality. Cheeseman included Berggren's name as a synonym of D. uniflorum and at the same time described the variety acicularifolium from the nearby locality of Broken River. In my former paper I considered Cheeseman's type to be a hybrid and introduced the name peninsulare with type from Banks Peninsula, but I am now satisfied that Berggren's, Cheeseman's and my own plant all belong to the same species.

Type specimens: D. acerosum Berggr., collected by S. Berggren on Mount Torlesse, February, 1874, now preserved in Oslo. D. uniflorum var. acicularifolium Cheesem., collected by T. F. Cheeseman at Castle Hill, Broken River Basin, in Auckland Museum. D. peninsulare Oliver, collected by R. M. Laing on Mount Berard, Banks Peninsula. in herbarium. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research.

Distribution: Mount Torlesse, Ben More, Castle Hill, Mount Peel (Canterbury), Tapuaenuku, Mount Cook, Selwyn Gorge, Banks Peninsula, Craigieburn Mountains, Awatere Valley, Rangitata.

Dracophyllum subulatum Hook. f.

Dracophyllum subulatum J. D. Hooker: Oliver, Trans. N.Z. Inst., 59, 691, 1929.

Type collected by J. C. Bidwill near the Rangitaiki River (not far from the present township of Galatea), January, 1842, in Kew Herbarium.

Distribution: Additional localities: Matamata (northern limit of species), Kotukuroa Creek, summit of Tarawera Mountain, Kirk, 1873. Kakaramea, Wairakei, Kaweka Range, Puketitiri, Rotoaira, Ngauruhoe volcano, Maraeroa, Mount Tauhara.

Dracophyllum palustre Ckne.

Dracophyllum palustre Cockayne, ex Oliver, Trans. N. Z. Inst., 59, 690, 1929. (New name for D. virgatum, preoccupied.)

This species is recognized by its strict slender stems, which are purplish-brown; by the filiform, blunt-pointed leaves; and by the single flowers borne mostly in groups on the main stems or on side branches. The leaves are usually from 20 to 25 mm. in length, though in plants from the Denniston Plateau the lower leaves are up to 50 mm. in length. The flowers are surrounded by rather broad bracts with conspicuous broad, white margins, ciliate along the edge, and purplish bases.

The following specimens are included here, though they differ somewhat, especially in habit, from the prevalent form. Okarito, edge of swamp in forest. (Oliver, Jan., 1950, Dom. Mus) Stems long, up to 1 m. in length, spreading over the ground. In this respect it is like D. uniflorum var. frondosum, but is more slender and the leaves have blunt tips. The leaves agree with those of D. palustre, but have shorter sheaths and do not exceed 26 mm. in length. There are no flowers. The prostrate habit may in part be due to the shady position in which the plants were found growing.

The nearest relation of D. palustre is D. subulatum, which species, however, is smaller in all its parts.

Type: The type specimen of Cheeseman's Dracophyllum uniflorum var. virgatum was collected by T. Kirk near Kumara in February, 1877, and is preserved in the Auckland Museum (AM. 7028).

Distribution. Additional localities: Lewis Pass, Rahu Saddle, Jacks Pass, Mt. Drana (Wakatipu), Okarito. The Mount Earnslaw record is from a garden and therefore needs verifying. Denniston Plateau (robust form).

Dracophyllum kirkii Berggr.

Dracophyllum kirkii Berggren: Oliver, Trans. N.Z. Inst., 59, 690, 1929.

This small, prostrate, broad-leaved species resembles D. pubescens, but it has narrower leaves and is glabrous. The leaves average 4 mm. in width above the sheath. Leaves in specimens from Alex Knob, blade 39 × 4, sheath 8 mm. D. kirkii scrambles over rocks at high altitudes. On Mount Moltke it ascends to 6,500 feet.

Type from Mount Torlesse, collected by S. Berggren, 1877, in Oslo.

Distribution. Additional localities: Chaffeys Creek (Nelson), Mount Fishtail, Lead Hill, Crawford Range, mountains west of Hawdar River, Mount Moltke, Alex Knob, Mount Alexander (Westland), Brownings Pass, Godley River, Mount Cook.

The specimens from Copland River, recorded on page 692 of my previous paper, belong to D. rosmarinifolium.

Dracophyllum pubescens Cheesem.

Dracophyllum pubescens Cheeseman: Oliver, Trans. N.Z. Inst., 59, 692, 1929.

In this species the leaves are wide and taper gradually to an acute point. They are covered on both sides with a greyish mealy looking pubescence. The leaves are larger than in D. kirkii, in which they are glabrous. Flowering specimens are fairly uniform in size of leaf. 36 by 4 to 52 by 6 mm. in south-east Nelson, 40 by 4·5 mm. on Denniston plateau. From Mount Frederick nearby there is a specimen with juvenile leaves 63 by 7 mm. The species scrambles over rocky places from 2,000 to 5,000 feet altitude. Simpson notes on the Lead Hill specimens “shrub to 6 feet on bush edges” Seedlings from Burnett's Face have the first leaves up to 10 by 1 mm. and almost glabrous. The next leaves may be 15 by 2 mm.

Type from mountains near Westport, collected by W. Townson, in the Auckland Museum.

Distribution. Additional localities: Mount Peel (Nelson), Mount Williams (south-west Nelson), Mount Perry (Gouland Downs), Lead Hill, Denniston Plateau, Anatoki Range, Mount Zetland. Mount Lema, range north side of Hurunui River, 4,200 feet.

Dracophyllum trimorphum Oliver n.sp.

Frutex 2–3 m. altus. Planta juvenilis erecta, caulibus levibus, refescentibus, cicatricibus circularibus. Folia acuminata, glabra. viridia, 125 × 10 mm. Planta submatura cortice fusco, cicatricibus obsoletis. Folia acuminata, pubescentia, glauca, 80 × 6 mm. Planta matura cortice fusco, ramulis cicatricibus. Folia angusta, acuminata, 45 × 4·5 mm., pubescentia minute. Vaginae breves, minute ciliatae. Flores solitarii vel 2–3 racemosi. Bractae foliosae. Sepala anguste ovata, acicularia. Corollae tubus 4 mm. Antherae subexsertae. Ovarium obovatum, truncatum, stigmate capitato.

A small tree, 2–3 m. tall, passing through several leaf changes from juvenile to maturity. (1) Juvenile plants ½ to 1 m. tall, erect, unbranched, stems smooth, with reddish-brown bark and circular leaf scars averaging 7 mm. apart. Leaves long, wide and grass-like, glabrous, bright green, 125 by 10 mm. including sheath. (2) Submature plants to 1 m. or more tall, bark changing to reddish-brown with the leaf scars obliterated. Leaves acuminate, with glaucous tinge due to a fine powdery looking pubescence, 80 by 6 mm. including sheath, and smaller. (3) Adult plants have dark brown bark with scars only on the fine twigs below the leaves. These small branches are very slender and numerous. They bear the flowers. Leaves narrow, 45 by 2 ½ mm. including sheath, minutely pubescent on both sides like the leaves in the submature stage, but more seanty. Sheaths in all stages short, overlapping at base, ciliate on the shoulder, which is weak. Flowers single or in racemes of two to three flowers, surrounded by leaf-like bracts, the upper ones not extending beyond the top of the corolla. Sepals narrowovate, with acicular apexes. Corolla tube 4 mm. long. Filaments attached to the inside of the corolla tube, anthers slightly exserted. Ovary obovate, with truncate top, stigma as long as the corolla tube, capitate.

This remarkable plant is best placed in the group containing D. pubescens and D. kirkii. The young plants resemble those of D. longifolium, but the leaves are much shorter. The submature leaves remind one of D. pubescens, but they are larger in every way and, unlike pubescens, have long drawn out tips. The adult leaves resemble those of K. kirkii, but are longer and narrower and are somewhat pubescent.

Type from West Wanganm Inlet collected by W. R. B. Oliver, December 28, 1949, in Dominion Museum.

Distribution. North-west Nelson. West Wanganm Inlet, growing on low seacliffs. Cape Farewell, in manuka scrub.

Dracophyllum scoparium Hook. f.

Dracophyllum scoparium J. D. Hooker: Oliver. Trans. N.Z. Inst., 59, 693, 1929.

Type specimen collected by J. D. Hooker. December, 1840, on Campbell Island, in Kew Herbarium (No. 1611).

Distribution. Campbell Island: Hooker. 1840; Kirk, 1890; Cockayne, 1903; Laing, 1907; Aston, 1909; W. R. B. Oliver, 1927; R. L. Oliver, 1944; Sorensen, 1947; Brockie, 1947.

Dracophyllum paludosum Ckne.

Dracophyllum paludosum Cockayne Oliver Trans N. Z. Inst. 59, 693, 1929.

Type specimen collected by L. Cockayne, February, 1902, in Dracophyllum-Olearia bog, on Tableland, Chatham Island, in Dominion Museum (No. 3567).

Distribution Chatham Islands. This species was first collected by H. H. Travers in October, 1863, on Chatham Island and Pitt Island. Specimens were sent to Mueller and are now in the Melbourne Herbarium, but that botanist did not distinguish them from D. arboreum, which he describes under the name scoparium. Cockayne, in 1901, collected the species in boggy ground on the tableland, at Whangamarino, and between Korako and Wharekauri.

Dracophyllum urvilleanum A. Rich.

Dracophyllum urvilleanum A Richard: Oliver, Trans N.Z. Inst., 59, 694, 1929.

D. urvilleanum can easily be distinguished from D. filifolium when in flower, as the recemes bear only 2 to 3 flowers and sometimes the flowers are single. The flowers, too, are narrower and shorter, the sepals being about 4 mm. long, whereas in D. filifolium they are about 5 mm. long Forster's description, quoted by Richard, gives the flowers as “2–3–4, rarius solitarii”. The leaves of D. urvilleanum are distinctly narrower than are those of D. filifolium.

Type specimen collected by Dumont D'Urville at Tasman Bay. Professor Guillaumin informs me that he could not find the type of D. urvillcanum in Paris He says that it may be at Caen, where D'Urville's herbarium is preserved.

Distribution. Additional localities: Wangapeka, Kaiuma, Mount Riley, Okaramio, Rai Valley, Mount Stokes. Pelorus River. Whangamoa Saddle.

Dracophyllum lessonianum A. Rich.

Dracophyllum lessonianum A. Richard Oliver, Trans. N.Z. Inst., 59, 696, 1929.

Hooker in 1864 reduced Richard's species lessonianum to a variety of urvilleanum. Cheeseman in 1906 adopted this classification and in giving the range as from Rotorua to Stewart Island excluded the type locality. Cheeseman's conception of lessonianum was thus different from Richard's and must have included specimens here accepted as filifolium, although he accepts this as another variety of urvilleanum. Undoubtedly lessonianum is closely allied to filifolium, but it is separated by its shorter leaves, long acuminate sepals and bracts and by its longer flowers. Its area of distribution does not overlap that of filifolium.

Type from Bay of Islands, collected by Dumont D'Urville in 1827; in the Museum Nationale D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.

Distribution. Additional localities: Peria, Te Paki, Spirits Bay, Houhoura, Whangaroa, Mangonui, Kaiaka, Matakana, Kerikeri, Wade.

Dracophyllum filifolium Hook. f.

Dracophyllum filifolium J. D. Hooker: Oliver, Trans. N.Z. Inst., 59, 695, 1929.

D. collinum Oliver, l.c., 696.

D. filifolium is close to D. lessonianum, differing mainly in the longer leaves and longer sepals. It is related to D. urvilleanum, but the leaves are shorter and the racemes larger and more definite, urvilleanum having single flowers or a primitive raceme of 2 to 4 flowers. These differences were pointed out by Richard when describing urvilleanum. With a much larger series of specimens than I had in 1928 I am unable to maintain my collinum as a separate species.

Different habits of growth are shown by members of the species filifolium in different localities. They may be defined as varieties.

Var. centrale var. nov. Frutex, foliis parvis, 40–80 mm. longis, racemis parvis, paucis floribus parivis. These small, upright, rather dense shrubs are common in scrub and bog. Leaves filiform, 40–80 mm. long. Flowers small in few-flowered racemes. Type from Mount Ruapehu collected by W. R. B. Oliver, February, 1949, in Dominion Museum.

Var. filifolium. This is the typical form very common on Mount Egmont and on the Ruahine and Tararua Ranges. Leaves long, up to 200 mm. Racemes rather large with more and larger flowers than centrale.

Var. collinum. D. collinum Oliver, l.c. In the South Island the leaves are of moderate length and the flowers, which have broad bracts, are borne in conspicuous clusters of racemes.

Type of D. filifolium from Ruahine Range collected by W. Colenso, about 1850, in Kew Herbarium. Type of D. collinum from mountains above Tinline Valley, collected by J. H. McMahon, November, 1924, in Dominion Museum.

Distribution: Var. centrale.—Ruapehu, Tongariro and Hauhungatahi mountains. Waimarino Plain. Ohakune (in bog). Var. filifolium.—The northern limits of its distribution are indicated by the following localities: Mount Kakaramea, Maungapohatu, Kaimanawa Range. Generally distributed on Mount Egmont and the Ruahine, Tararua and Rimutaka Ranges to Cook Strait. Var. collinum.—D'Urville Island, Mount Stokes, Mount Arthur, mountains above Tinline Valley, Mount Fyffe, Dun Range, West Wanganui Inlet, Whangamoa Saddle, Pelorus River, Tophouse, St. Arnaud Range.

Dracophyllum longifolium (Forst.) R. Br.

Dracophyllum longifolium (Forster) R. Brown: Oliver, Trans. N.Z. Inst., 59, 701, 1929.

To the synonymy given in my first account of the genus add: Dracophyllum cockayneanum DuRietz, Svensk. Bot. Tidskr., Bd. 24, 374, 1930.

This species is separated from all others of the genus by the following combination of characters: (1) Juvenile leaves long and broad, 180 × 6 mm. (Ruahine), 160 × 6 (Arthurs Pass), 225 × 6 (Tuhua), 227 × 7 (Milford Sound), 185 × 7 (Caswell Sound), 240 × 10 (Stewart Island), 220 × 12 (Auckland Island). (2) Adult leaves long and tapering, much narrower than juvenile leaves: 130 × 2·5 (Ruahine), 140 × 2 (Arthurs Pass), 140 × 2·5 (Tuhua), 232 × 3 (Milford Sound), 96 × 1·6 (Caswell Sound), 230 × 4 (Stewart Island), 215 × 6 (Auckland Island). (3) Flowers in racemes, often curving a little downwards, 40–50 mm. long.

The nearest allies of D. longfiolium are the species included in the urvilleanum group, from which longifolium is easily separated by the larger, wider leaves in both juvenile and adult stages.

On account of the varying sizes of the leaves it is difficult to define subspecies, but recognisable forms are found in different stations. These may be described as varieties as follows:

(1) Var. septentrionale var. nov. Frutex. Folia juvenilia 180 × 6 mm., matura 130 × 2·5 mm. This is a distinct form confined to a locality far removed from the other members of the species. The racemes are small like those of filifolium, which species is found both to the north and south, but the leaves of septentrionale are wider than those of filifolium at all stages.

Type from Mount Maharahara, collected by R. M. Greenwood in Olearia colensoi scrub, June, 1946, in herbarium of Botany Division, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Wellington.

Distribution. Ruahine Range: Mount Maharahara; first collected by D. Petrie on Ruahine Range, 4,000–4,500 feet, January, 1889 (Dom. Mus.).

(2) Var. longifolium (Forst.) R. Br. The typical variety is a rather slender tree with long and broad juvenile leaves and long adult leaves which, along the shores of the Fiordland Sounds and in Stewart Island, hang downwards on slender brachlets. The measurements of leaves given above for the localities Arthurs Pass, Tuhua, Milford Sound and Stewart Island refer to this variety.

Distribution. South Island: generally distributed. Mount Arthur, Dun Mountain, Mount Tuhua, near Greymouth, Arthurs Pass, Mount Peel (Canterbury), Swampy Hill, Colac Bay, Bluff Hill, Milford Sound, Caswell Sound, Doubtful Sound, Dusky Sound, Preservation Inlet, Stewart Island.

(3) Var. pluviale var. nov. Arbor vel frutex. Folia juvenilia 185 × 7 mm., matura 96 × 1·6 mm. The distinguishing characters of this variety are the erect form with small strict leaves and straight erect racemes. The trunk is sometimes 30–40 cm. in diameter, though the tree is not tall, 2–4 m. Compared with the typical variety, both the juvenile and adult leaves are short. In the high country, 2,000 to 3,000 feet above Caswell Sound, it grows in boggy low forest.

Type from Leslie Valley, Caswell Sound, collected by W. R. B. Oliver, March 29, 1949, in Dominion Museum.

Distribution. Wet regions of the west of the South Island, south of S. lat. 43°. Caswell Sound, Wilmot Pass, Waiho Valley, Alex Knob, Mount Moltke, Takahe Valley.

(4) Var. cockayneanum (DuRietz). This variety was first defined, but not named, in my first account (p. 702). The broad, stiff and spear-like leaves with broad sheaths mark it off from the other varieties. DuRietz gave it the name cockayneanum with full specific rank, but as the size of the leaves of the Auckland Island plants varies a good deal and those of the Campbell Island plants are smaller, I think that it is better treated as a variety of longifolium.

Type from Campbell Island collected by W. R. B. Oliver, April 1, 1927, in Dominion Museum. (280.)

Distribution: Auckland Island, Campbell Island.

Dracophyllum oliveri DuRietz

Dracophyllum longifolium form (3), Oliver, Trans. N.Z. Inst., 59, 762, pl. 84, fig. b, 1929. D. oliveri DuRietz, Svensk. Bot. Tidskr., Bd. 24, 374, 1930. Simpson, Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z., 75, 191, 1945.

Type of D. squarrosum Hooker, and consequently of Cheeseman's D. sinclairii, from “Manukau Bay” (i.e. Green Bay, Manukau Harbour), collected by W. Colenso, in Kew Herbarium.

Distribution. Additional localities: Great Barrier Island (Kirk. 1867). Mercury Bay.

Dracophyllum patens Oliver

Dracophyllum patens Oliver, Trans. N.Z. Inst, 59, 698, 1929.

The broad, robust, dagger-like adult leaves are very different from the small, narrow leaves of D. sinclairii. In habit it is nearer D. viride, but that species has thin, grass-like leaves, and is a fair-sized tree. Actually the leaves are more like those of D. strictum, but the inflorescence is entirely different, being racemose in patens and paniculate in strictum.

Type from summit of Mount Hobson, Great Barrier Island, collected by W. R. B. Oliver, December 8, 1916, in Dominion Museum.

Distribution: Great Barrier Island. Mount Hobson, Whangaparapara. Table Mountain, Coromandel Peninsula.

Dracophyllum arboreum Ckne.

Dracophyllum arborcum Cockayne: Oliver, Trans. N. Z. Inst., 59, 694, 1929.

In the paper quoted I placed this species in the group of D. scoparium, mainly because of the ciliate leaf margins. Its life history is, however, entirely different from that of D. scoparium or D. palydosum. It passes through a large-leaved juvenile stage to an adult stage in which the leaves are long like those of D. longifolium. Its pubescence is quite like that of D. paludosum. It is probably best included in the group of D. sinclairii, with which species it has a general resemblance and similar life history.

Type from Chatham Island, collected by L. Cockayne, 1901, in Dominion Museum.

Dracophyllum viride Oliver

Dracophyllum viride Oliver, Trans. N.Z. Inst., 59, 699, 1929.

The candelabra-like habit of the tree and its thin leaves reacall D. adamsii. It differs in the larger, broader leaves and especially in the short flowering branches and much longer flowers with long acuminate sepals. It is allied to D. sinclairii.

Type from Spirits Bay, collected by W.R.B. Oliver, November 28, 1916, in Dominion Museum.

Distribution. Additional localities: Tapotopoto Bay, Kaitaia, Cape Reinga.

Dracophyllum recurvum Hook. f.

Dracophyllum recurvum J. D. Hooker: Oliver, Trans. N.Z. Inst, 59, 700, 1929.

Type from Mount Tongariro, collected by J. C. Bidwill, in Kew Herbarium.

Distribution. Additional localities: Wannarino Plain, Kaimanawa Range, Thames Goldfield (Kirk), Mount Karioi (near Raglan). Mount Pihanga, Rangipo Plam, Mount Hauhungatahi, Mount Kakaramea.

Dracophyllum menziesii Hook. f.

Dracophyllum menziesn J. D. Hooker: Oliver, Trans N.Z. Inst, 59, 705, 1929.

Type from Dusky Sound, collected by A. Menzies, 1791, in Kew Herbarium.

Dracophyllum dracaenoides Schltr.

Dracophyllum dracaenoides Schlecter: Oliver, Trans. N.Z. Inst., 59, 710, 1929.

Type from mountains near Ou Hinna, New Caledonia. I am unable to state where the type specimen is preserved.

Dracophyllum milligani Hook. f.

Dracophyllum milligani J. D. Hooker: Oliver, Trans. N.Z. Inst., 59, 710, 1929.

Type from Mount Sorrel, Macquarie Harbour. Tasmania, J. Milligan, in National Herbarium, Melbourne. (No 747.)

Distribution. Additional localities. Bathurst Harbour, Port Davey.

Dracophyllum fitzgeraldi Moore and Muell.

Dracophyllum fitzgeraldi Moore and Mueller: Oliver, Trans. N.Z. Inst., 59, 711, 1929.

Type from Lord Howe Island, collected by R.D. Fitzgerald, in Melbourne Herbarium. (No. 58, 1869.)

Dracophyllum latifolium A. Cunn.

Dracophyllum latifolium A. Cunningham: Oliver, Trans. N.Z. Inst., 59, 711, 1929. Kirk, Forest Fl. N.Z. 251, 1889. D. recuriatum Colepso, Trans. N.Z. Inst., 21, 92, 1889.

The type specimen of Colenso's D. recurvatum, preserved in the Dominion Museum, is D. latifolium. The original description of the panicle agrees with that of D. latifolium.

Type of D. latifolium from Kawakawa River, Bay of Islands, collected by A. Cunningham, 1826, in British Museum. Type of D. recurvatum from Lake Waikaremoana, collected by H. Hill, 1888, in Dominion Museum.

Distribution. Additional localities: Great Barrier Island, Waipoua, Kaiaka, Mount Tamahunga, Hunua Range. Te Moehau, Port Charles, Mount Pirongia, Whetu Matarau (East Cape district).

Dracophyllum matthewsii Carse

Dracophyllum mattheusii Carse: Oliver, Trans. N.Z. Inst., 59, 712, 1929.

Type from Taumatamahoe, near Kaitaia, 1,900 ft., collected by H. B. Matthews. October 2, 1913, in Canterbury Museum.

Distribution. Additional localities: Great Barrier Island, between Ahipara and Herekino, Port Charles.

Dracophyllum traversii Hook. f.

Dracophyllum traversii J. D. Hooker: Oliver, Trans. N. Z. Inst., 59, 712, 1929.

Type from Nelson Province, collected by W. T. L. Travers, in Kew Herbarium.

Distribution. Additional localities: West Wanganui Inlet, Taipo River (Nelson), Kelly's Hill. Mount Rochfort.

Dracophyllum pyramidale Oliver sp. nov.

Dracophyllum recurvatum Oliver, Trans. N.Z. Inst, 59, fig. 23, 712, 1929 (not of Colenso).

Type of Colenso's D. recurvatum is now preserved in the Dominion Museum and is D. latifolium. Colenso's name recurvatum consequently falls into the synonymy of latifolium, and a new name is accordingly required for this very fine species. The name pyramidale refers to the stout, upright, pyramidal panicle, a very conspicuous feature of this species. Its nearest relative is D. traversii.

Type from Little Barrier Island, collected by W. R. B. Oliver, October 8, 1928, in Dominion Museum.