Go to National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Mātauranga o Aotearoa
Volume 81, 1953
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Internal Anatomy (Pl. 5, Fig. 2)

Alimentary Canal. The pharynx is rounded and muscular and occupies the first four segments. There is a short, thin-walled proventriculus in v, opening into an elongate gizzard with thick, muscular walls in vi and vii. The oesophagus extends from viii to xvii and lacks oesophageal glands. The intestine commences in xviii, is thin walled, and has a typhlosole.

Vascular System. The dorsal blood vessel is unpaired throughout its length. There are four pairs of hearts, a pair in each of x, xi, xii and xiii.

Reproductive System. There are two pairs of testes, a pair in x and a pair in xi, and a pair of ovaries in xiii. Two pairs of very minute spermathecae are situated in viii and ix and open to the exterior at 7/8 and 8/9. Each is a small, laterally flattened thin-walled, ovoidal sac, opening into a round, thick-walled muscular atrium which opens to the exterior by a short, narrow duct. There is a very small, rounded diverticulum, with a narrow duct, opening into the lateral aspect of the atrium. (Pl. 5, Fig. 3.) There are two pairs of uncoiled tubular prostates, a pair in xvii and a pair in xix, each pair confined to the one segment. I could not see any penial chaetae, but the very small size of the worm makes it very difficult to see many of the organs. There are two pairs of small, racemose vesiculae seminales, a pair in xi and a pair in xii.

The nephridia are minute, convoluted, tubular structures which open into a small, transparent vesicle before discharging to the exterior.

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Fig. 1 — Acanthodrilus kermadecensis Ventral aspect, segments xii–xxi Fig. 2.—A. kermadecensis Dissection from the dorsal aspect. Fig. 3.—A. kermadecensis. Right posterior spermatheca, lateral aspect.
at.= atrium of the spermatheca; e.g. = cerebral ganglion, cl. = elitellum, d.b.v. = dorsal blood vessel; div. = diverticulum of the spermatheca, f.p. = female pore; g. = gizzard; h. = heart; int. = intestine; m = mouth; m.p. = male pore; n. = nephridium; o. = ovary, oe. = oesophagus, p. = prostate; ph. = pharynx, p.p. = prostatic pore; s. = septum, sp. = spermatheca; sp.d. = spermathecal duct; t. = testis; t.f. = testicular funnel; v.s. = vesicula seminalis.

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Remarks. Pickford (1937) divided the genus Acanthodrilus into two parts, according to whether the species had or had not nephridial vesicles. For those which had vesicles she retained the name Acanthodrilus, while those without vesicles were grouped with some species of Microscolex under the generic name Eodrilus (a name which had formerly been used and subsequently discarded, for some species of Acanthodrilus). The present species has the typical “J-shaped” nephridial vesicles of Pickford's Acanthodrilus.

All the species referred by Pickford to Acanthodrilus are confined to New Caledonia, and were described by Michaelsen (1913). The present species is very small and, of Michaelsen's species, only four, A. coneensis, A. vateensis, A. cavaticus and A. ungulatus, are small species. The present species may be distinguished from these four species by the following characters:—

(i)

The prostatic pores of A. coneensis are on xviii and xx; those of A. kermadecensis are on xvii and xix.

(ii)

The gizzard in A. coneensis and A. vateensis is confined to vi; in A. kermadecensis it extends through vi and vii.

(iii)

The spermatheca of A. cavaticus has a relatively large diverticulum of a peculiar five-lobed form, opening directly into the spermatheca at the junction of the duct and sac; that of A. kermadecensis has a small, rounded diverticulum, opening by a long, narrow duct into the atrium of the spermatheca.

(iv)

A. ungulatus has two pairs of vesiculae seminales, a pair in ix and a pair in xii; A. kermadecensis has two pairs, a pair in xi and a pair in xii.

These are the more obvious differences; a number of other differences may be noted in each case when the descriptions given by Michaelsen are examined.