the axils of the stipules. Leaves incubous, ovate-oblong to linear oblong, sometimes a little falcate, dorsal margin arched at the base, ventral fairly straight, apex 3-dentate in New Zealand species, decurved or plane, sometimes oblique. Stipules always present, quadrate-ovate, rounded or reniform, apex faintly to deeply 4-lobed, or variously toothed, sometimes margined with 1 to several rows of hyaline rhomboid cells, lateral margins crenate or toothed. Cells usually with thick wills, marginal smaller, a vitta of larger cells present in some species. ♀ branches short, ventral, axillary. Invol. leaves small, in 3 rows, perianth hyaline, tapering, grooved or sub-terete, mouth ciliate. ♂ branches also ventral, axillary perigonial bracts in 3 or 4 pairs, complicate, obtuse or denticulate, each with 2 antheridia.

Bazzania convexa (Thunb.) Trevis. Text-fig. 1, fig. 4.

Jungermannia convexa Thunberg, Prod. Pl. Cap., 173, 1794.

Jungermannia nitida Weber, Prodromus 43, 1815.

Mastigobryum convexum G. L. et N., Syn. Hep., 215, 1845; L. et G., Spec. Hep., Fasc. 8–11, 1, 1851; Mitt. Fl. Nov. Zel., ii, 147; Hook. Handb. N.Z. Fl., ii, 524, 1867; Steph., Spec. Hep., iii, 534, 1909.

Mastigobryum. heterostipum St. Spec. Hep. iii, 532, 1909.

Mastigobryum fissistipum Steph., ibid., 533, 1909.

Pleuroschisma convexa Steph., Engl. Bot. Jarhb., 308, 1895.

Bazzania convexa Trevis. Mem. 1st. Lomb., 13, 414, 1877; Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc. 22, 322, 1887; Fulford, Ann. Crypt. et Phytopath. iii, 159, 1946; Sim, Trans. Roy. Soc. Sth. Afr., 15, 81, 1926.

Mastigobryum obtusatum Col., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 19, 287, 1886.

Mastigobryum fugax Col., ibid., 18, 247, 1885.

Plants loose and sprawly, or densely tufted, dull green drying to dingy brown, often with the appearance of a small B. involuta, on rotting bark or tree-fern bases. Stems to 2 cm., often bare of leaves in parts, little branched, ventral branches flagelliform with minute leaves. Leaves imbricate to 0.6 mm. long × 0.3 mm. wide, asymmetrically ovate-oblong, rounded-truncate, acute, obtuse, crenate or obscurely 3-dentate; ventral margin nearly straight, dorsal covering less than ½ the stem, apices usually incurved, cell cavities 16–20μ, cells of the vitta 25–30μ, with distinct trigones. Stipules distant, variable, ca. 0·15 mm., obovate-quadrate, divided to the middle into 4 segments, mostly 4 cells tall and 2 cells wide, cells quadrate, ca. 20μ. “Perianth ovate, incurved, plicate at the apex and with the mouth denticulate.”

This species is recognized by its small size, almost involute, broad, sub-entire leaves, the 4-fid stipules, together with the zone of large cells near the ventral margin.

North Island: With B. adnexa Ohakune Mountain Track, 2,000–3,000ft., Mt. Ruapehu, 1844, H. M. H.; on rotten log, Puaiti Bush, South of Rotorua, H431, near ground on very rotten log in bush near L. Roto-iti, H430, K. W. A.; in bush around L. Waikaremoana, 2,000ft., 7415, G. O'Malley; Ibid. L856, 1853, bush near Wairoa, mainly on tree-fern bases, 1848, 1854, 156, 6434, 9254, E. A. H.; Mangawaru Plateau, 4,300ft., Raukumaras, A. P. D.; Ruahine Foothills, 1878, A. L. H.; South Rimutakas, over 3,000ft., 1847, H. M. H.; Mt. Climie, Rimutakas, 2,000ft., 1971, A. P. D.

South Island: Marlborough, J. H. McMahon, Bealey R., 3693, S. Berggren; headwaters E. branch of Hawdon R., 1850, H. M. H.; head of L. Manapouri, H827, in part H892, G. S.; Fox Glacier, 1845, C. Crompton; on loose outer bark of Libocedrus Bidwillii, near Dunedin, 267, G. S. and J. S. T.; on very rotten log in bush, Mt. Cargill, Dunedin, 1,500ft., H4670, on bark of Libocedrus in bush above saddle between Dunedin and Waitati, K. W. A.; on ground with Schistochila glaucescens, Doubtful Sound, 5591, W. M.; Facile Harbour (Dusky Sound), 1920, in part, 1923, H. H. A.

Also from South Africa and South America. The type was from South Africa.

Bazzania Tayloriana (Mitt.) Kuntze. Text-fig. 1, fig. 3.

Mastigobryum Taylorianum Mitt., Fl. Nov. Zel., ii, 147, 1854; Hook. Handb. N.Z. Fl. ii, 524, 1867; Steph., Spec. Hep., iii, 533, 1909.

Bazzania Tayloriana Kuntze, Gen. Plant., 832, 1901; Fulford Ann. Crypt, et Phytopath, iii, 157, 1946.

Mastigobryum. obtusistipulum Col., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 19, 294, 1886.

Mastigobryum obscurum Col., ibid., 292, 1886.

Mastigobryum delicatulum Col, ibid., 18, 246, 1885.

Plants small, fragile, in loose depressed mats, glaucous, paling to creamy green when dry, on soil, rotting logs, or bases of tree-ferns. Stems rarely more than 1 cm., prostrate, sometimes denuded of leaves, occasionally branched from a wide angle, ventral branching rare, leafy, leaves minute, bidentate. Leaves very minutely punctate, sometimes fugacious, contiguous to a little imbricate 0·7–1 mm. long × 0·4–0·5 mm. wide, asymmetrically oblong-ovate, vittate, horizontally spreading, mostly flat, ventral margin straight, dorsal strongly arched at the base, and covering about ⅓ the width of the stem; apex 3-dentate, teeth irregular in width, diverging, mostly ca. 5–8 cells long. Cells obscure, walls thin, vitta in 3–4 rows, each cell appearing divided into 4 or 5 cellules, other cells ca.

20μ, trigones present. Stipules distant, oblong-ovate, hyaline, irregularly 4-lobed to about ⅓, lobes obtuse, cells rectangular-quadrate, ca. 30 × 20μ. Fertile branch short, ventral, basal. Invol. leaves, innermost, hyaline, bilobed, margins with cells obliquely protruding, lobe apices shortly piliferous, lower pairs of leaves hard to detect, perianth hyaline, barely 2 mm., mouth lobed, lobes piliferous to about 6 cells.

Quite distinct from other species in its small size with glaucous, minutely punctate vittate leaves, and the obtusely 4-lobed, hyaline stipules.

North Island: Cascade Kauri Reserve, L7, O. H. Selling; rotten log in Waipoua Forest, H765, K. W. A.; on Leucobryum candidum, Waipoua Forest, M. A. Baker, 4622; bank of creek, Domain, Waikiekie, 6682, T. Maddox; base of tree-fern in bush, Titirangi, 4980, E. A. H.; Waitakeres, 1879, 1882, E. D. Swanberg; on tree-fern, tawa forest, Hunua, 1865, epiphytic, Te Moehau Mt., H436, L. B. M; top of Tokoteas, Coromandel, 1878, E. D. Campbell; Horokino Bush, Mangapehi, 1875; V. W. L.; vicinity of Rotorua and Taupo, on rotting logs and tree-ferns, H621, H435, H434, 1877, 1863, 1511; on rotting tree-fern stump, between L. Rotoehu and coast, H613, K. W. A.; mostly on tree-ferns and rotting logs around L. Waikaremoana, 1862, 1867, 390, 8390, in Morere Bush, 1874, bush at Maungapoike Falls, 1876, Te Tiki, Wairoa, 1864, E. A. H.; Waitomo, A. L. H.; Dawson Falls Road, Mt. Egmont, 1880, A. H. Hornblow; base of tree-fern, forest, Eastbourne, 3104, N. J. B.; Ohaewai, 1861, S. Berggren.

South Island: Great Island, North Port, Chalky Inlet, Fiordland Excursion, H. H. A.

Stewart Island: On log by water hole in forest, Ocean Beach, 330; on tree-fern on island in Sawmiller's Arm, Pegasus, 491; on logs, forest, margin, Wilson Bay, S. Coast, 2012, W. M.

The type was collected by Colenso. Also cited from Bogota, Columbia, by Fulford, and from Samoa, cited by Stephani.

Bazzania monilinervis (L. et L.) Kuntze. Text-fig. 1, fig. 5.

Jungermannia monilinervis Lehm. et Lindenb., in Lehm. Pug. Pl., iv, 56.

Mastigobryum monilinerve Nees in Syn. Hep., 224, 1844; L. et G., Spec. Hep., fasc. 8–11, 55, 1851; Mitt., Fl. Nov. Zel., ii, 1855; Hook. Handb. N.Z. Fl., ii, 524, 1867. Steph., Spec. Hep., iii, 534, 1909.

Bazzania monilinervis Kuntze, Gen. Plant., 832, 1901; Rod., Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., 75, 1916.

Plants small, palish green to brownish, mixed with other hepatics. Stems to 2 cm., a little forked. Leaves a little imbricate, linear-ovate, strongly vittate, 1·2 mm. long by 0·4–0·55 mm., at the widest part, 0·2 mm. wide at the apex excluding the teeth, dorsal margin arched at the base, ventral straight or nearly so; apex with 3 slender diverging teeth, the middle one the largest, with 2–3 rows of twin cells, then 6 single ones. Cell lumina to 20μ, increasing a little near the vitta, without trigones; cells of the vitta which is 2 or 3 rows away from the ventral margin, 35–45μ, with sinuous walls caused by large convex trigones, cuticle smooth. Stipules ovate or rounded-ovate, entire or a little crenate, apical teeth mostly absent, 0.5 mm. long by 0·4–0·5 mm. broad, from a somewhat narrowed base, cells quadrate, ca. 20μ, not connate with the leaves.

Quite distinct in the small size, narrowing, strongly vittate leaves with diverging, elongate teeth.

North Island: Forming cushion with B. convexa on dead Leucobryum cushion, Mangawaru plateau, 3,400ft., Raukumaras, 9,320, A. P. D., 1953.

Stewart Island: Epiphytic on tree-ferns, Port Pegasus, 623 and 610 (probably the same gathering); on forest trees with Radula sp., West Hut, Tin Range, 593, with Acromastigum anisostomum on log in forest, 345, W. M.

The Handbook also records it from Stewart Island.

Also found in Australia and Tasmania, the type being from Nova Hollandia (Australia) in Herb. Hooker, leg. Cunningham.

Bazzania hochstetteri (Reichardt) comb. nov. Text-fig. 1, fig. 1.

Mastigobryum affine Mitt., Fl. Nov. Zel., ii, 147, 1854; Handb. N.Z. Fl., ii, 525, 1867.

Mastigobryum Hochstetteri Reich., Diagonses der neren Art. ion Lebermoosen welchen die Nov. Exped. mitbrachte 1868; Steph. Spec. Hep., iii, 533. 1909.

Mast. quadratum Col., Trans. N. Z. Inst., 18, 246, 1885.

Mast. polyodon Col., ibid. 19, 291, 1886.

Mast. pusillum Col., ibid., 19, 290, 1886.

Mast. heterophyllum Col., ibid, 19, 291, 1886.

Mast, Kirkiana Steph., Spec. Hep., iii, 455, 1909.

Bazzania quadratum (Col.) Hodg., Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z., 78, 499, 1950.

Plants small, in loose mats, yellow to dull green, variable. Stems procumbent ca. 2 cm., rarely more, branches often short and divaricating, both stem and branches often partly bare of leaves, flagella fairly short and numerous. Leaves contiguous to imbricate, rarely deflexed, usually fugacious, 0·7–1 mm. long by 0·3–0·4 mm. wide at the widest part, variable in shape, subvittate, narrow-oblong or oblong-falcate to ovate-oblong, dorsal bases not contiguous, ventral margin fairly straight, apices very variable, mostly 0·2 mm. wide, rarely more than 0·3 mm., tridentate with bidentate leaves often present, teeth conspicuous, truncate or obliquely truncate. Cells mainly rounded-quadrate, uniformly large between 30 and 40μ, or dorsal marginal ca. 20μ., increasing to 45μ, in an irregularly shaped and variously placed area, walls thin, trigones small to medium, cuticle minutely papillose. Stipules variable, slightly connate with the leaves or free, at least twice as wide as the stem almost entire to crenate-toothed, hyaline cells to 30μ, reaching to varying depths.

This species is recognized by its small size, narrow leaves, and stems partly bare of leaves. It differs from B. adnexa forma submutica in its usually shorter stems and branches, leaves longer and narrower with variable apices, sometimes bidentate, and in the variable apices of the stipules.

Mitten's name of Mastigobryum affine 1855 is unfortunately invalid, as the same specific name was bestowed on a Mexican plant by Lindenberg and Gottsche in 1847. I think that Stephani was incorrect in reducing M. affine Mitt. to M. adnexa, specialty as M. Kirkiana St., is the same species. Both M. affine Mitt., and M. Kirkiana St. from the Gt. Barrier, have some leaves with an obliquely truncate apex, as in Stephani's drawing of M. Kirkiana, the reason possibly being that the third tooth is tending to disappear. Bidentate leaves are quite common on stems of M. Kirkiana, though Stephani apparently did not notice them. Mitten's type of M. affine has stems and branches bare of leaves, and the leaves have uniformly large (comparatively) cells.

Stephani places B. Hochstetteri in his Section Vittatae, but it is not constantly or uniformly vittate as are B. monilinerve, B. convexa and B. Tayloriana.

North Island: Maunganui, Northland, 219 Auckland Museum Herb., H. B. Matthews; Russell-Whangarei Rd., 1965, V. W. L.; kauri bark, Waipoua Forest, 24666 in part, 24672, Bot. Div. Herb., on old Weinmannia trunks, Moehau, 2,800 ft., L. B. M.; Waipoua Forest, 4617, M. A. Baker; on rotting stump in bush, H651, covering all round about 4 feet of a dead standing treefern caudex, H769, Sandy creek bank, H767, all Waipoua Forest, K. W. A.; Parua, 1510, Mrs. Harnett; on ground in kauri regeneration, 900ft., Great Barrier Is., R. Lloyd; hillside under manuka, H622, on caudex of treefern, H440, fallen log, H439, all near Atiamuri, shady bank in forest, Moerangi, H623, K. W. A.; base of beech tree by Whakatane R., between Ruatahuna and Te Whaiti, Urewera, 9345, on humus in bush, Waikaremoana, 711, 712, base of tree-fern caudex, McKinnon's Bush, Wairoa, 1964, E. A. H.; Petane, 4852 Bot. Div. Herb., A. Hamilton in Kirk's collection; Akatarawa V., on earth with grass, 1986, 1977, H. M. H.; trunk epiphyte on Cyathea dealbata, forest, Eastbourne, 3105, N. J. B.; a296, a2105, Herb. Colenso.

South Island: On wood with other hepatics, Lead Hills near Rainham, Nelson, 3,500–4,000ft., 555, G. S. & J, S. T.; on bark of Librocedrus with B. convexa in bush about saddle between Dunedin and Waitati, H902, K. W. A.; on rooty humus in bush, near Greymouth, 777, H. M. H.; bank by waterfall, Pegasus Stream, Stewart Island, 2784, W. M.

The type was collected by Hochstetter, locality not stated.

Bazzania Novae Zelandiae (Mitt.) Besch. & Massal. Text-fig. 1, fig. 8.

Mastigobryum Novae Zelandiae Mitt., Fl. Nov. Zel., ii, 148, 1854; Hook. Handb. N.Z. Fl., ii, 525, 1867; Steph. Spec. Hep., iii, 456, 1909.

Bazzania Novae Zelandiae Bescherelle & Massalonga, Miss. Soi. du Cap Horn, v, Bot., 233, 1889; Kuntze Gen. Plant. 832, 1901; Fulford in Ann. Crypt, et Phytopath., 123, 1946.

Mastigobryum spectabile Steph., Spec. Hep., iii, 455, 1909.

Plants robust, in clumps or sprawly cushions, brownish green to dark green. Stems to 8 cm., but usually not more than 6, sparingly branched, apex usually forked, flagelliform branches fairly numerous, shortish to 1·5 cm. Leaves a little imbricate, ca. 3 mm. long and 1·4 mm. broad at base, asymmetrically ovate, a little falcate, mostly deflexed, dorsal bases not or slightly overlapping, apex coarsely 3-dentate, the middle tooth often the largest. Cells in mid-leaf ca. 40 × 20μ, becoming smaller and more quadrate towards the margins, trigones small. Stipules large, to 1·4 mm., quadrate to ovate-quadrate, margins and apex crenate, usually with 2 or more rows of hyaline cells, slightly connate with the leaf on one side.

This is the largest of the New Zealand species and can be distinguished from B. adnexa by its large size (usually), and large quadrate stipules with crenate, not toothed margins.

North Island: Waipoua Forest, between Dargaville and Opononi, 1891, V. W. L.; wet kauri forest floor, with other hepatics, Waipoua Forest, H768, K. W. A., Waipoua Forest, 4614, M. A. Baker; Great Barrier Is., T. Kirk, 6185, 6065, Bot. Div. Herb.; Mt. Moehau, forming clumps H91, on rotting stump in open scrub H236, abundant, forming cushions on bases of trees ca. 2,400ft., H237, L. B. M.; Mt. Archeria, Little Barrier Is., H155 Herb. L. B. M., W. M. Hamilton; bases of trees in bush round L. Waikaremoana, 1894, E. A. H.; Tararuas, 1899, G. O. K. S., in bush 2,000ft., 957, Akatarawa V., 1886, A. P. D.; Akatarawa Saddle, 9277,

Bot. Div. Herb., V. D. Z.; Sth. Rimutakas, 1884, H. M. H.; Great Barrier Is., on ground in cut over forest, 30, R. Lloyd.

South Island: Hawke Crag, Takaka Hill, 1896, I. Haskell; Lewis Pass, 1889, E. Oecenden; Leslie Clearing, Caswell Sound area, 5248, V. D. Z.; Fiordland Excursion, per H. H. A.

Auckland Island: Bush above Musgrave Peninsula, R. L. Oliver, 1944.

Very common throughout Stewart Island, W. M.; L. Cockayne, 1883, Mrs. J. D. Smith.

The type appears to have been collected by Colenso. Also recorded from Patagonia and the Straits of Magellan by Bescherelle and Massalonga, and from Western Patagonia (collected by Dusen) by Stephani, but none of these specimens were examined by Fulford (1946).

Bazzania adnexa (L. et L.) Trevis. Text-fig. 1, fig. 7.

Jungermannia adnexa Lehm. et Lindenb., in Lehm. Pug., 1828–1831.

Mastigobryum adnexum Mont., Voy. au Pole Sud, 1. 243, Steph., Spec. Hep., iii, 479, 1909.

Mastigobryum Novae Hollandiae G. L. et N., Syn. Hep., 221 and 717, 1844–1847; L. et G., Spec. Hep., fas. 8, 30–48, 1851; Mitt. Fl. Nov Zel., ii, 148, 1855; Hook., Handb. N.Z. Fl., ii, 525, 1867.

Mastigobryum laceratum Steph., Spec. Hep., iii, 479, 1909.

Bazzania adnexa Trevis., Schema di una nuova class., delle Epa., 1877; Rod., Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., 124, 1916; Pears. Univ. Cal. Pub. Bot., 10, 17, 1923; Sim. Trans. Roy. Soc. Sth. Afr., 82, 1926.

Plants very variable, medium size in depressed mats, usually olive green, sometimes approaching brown, glistening. Stems ca. 3 cm., sparsely dichotomously branched, flagella many or few, of varying lengths. Leaves imbricate to a little remote, ascendent or horizontally spreading, deflexed in varying degrees to almost involute when dry, 1·5 mm. long, ca. 0·8 mm. wide at the base, asymmetrically ovate with the upper portion narrower, sometimes elongate, ventral margin a little concave, sometimes auricled at the base, dorsal bases arched but not overlapping on the stem, apex variable, usually strongly tridentate, sometimes truncate and irregularly shortly toothed, teeth variable, normally triangular, acute or acuminate with margins dentate or serrate, to minutely so. Cells marginal ca. 20μ, increasing to 30 in the interior, and to 40 at the base, the cell lumina rounded, trigones small. Stipules normally broad, to 3 times as broad as the stem, reniform or subquadrate, plane or reflexed from the apex, or laterally inrolled towards the apex with a triangular effect; obscurely or broadly connate with the leaf on both sides, the connecting band of cells may be as wide as 0·8 mm.; apex unevenly dentate or serrate, or lobate-dentate with the lobe margins toothed, sides crenate or toothed. Marginal cells hyaline, mostly rhomboid or oblong, extending to varying distances through the interior, sometimes even to the base; chlorophyllose cells 30–40μ. Invol. leaves appressed, 6–8 ciliate-incised, inmost stipule large, maybe 4-fid. Perianth ovate-cylindrical, apex narrowly plicate, mouth somewhat piliferous.

This is the commonest of the New Zealand species, and there seems to be no limit to the combinations of its variations. One hundred years ago, Lindenberg and Gottsche devoted 18 pages of their Species Hepaticarum to an attempted classification of its complexities. Its most constant characteristics are the convex, oblong-ovate, subfalcate leaves with tridentate apices (the teeth often armed with

smaller acute serrations), the broad toothed stipules with a deep border of hyaline cells.

In M. laceratum Steph., from Great Barrier Is., the apices are trifid, with the laciniae lanceolate-acuminate, and more or less dentate. This form is represented in Fig. 2 of Lindenberg and Gottsche's plate.

Forma submutica L. et G. Smaller and more slender, with stems to 4 cm., with branches mostly from an acute angle. Leaves ca. 1 mm. long, less than twice the width of the base, apex 0·3–0·4 mm. broad, truncate with 3, sometimes shortish, teeth. Stipules medium to large, connate with the leaves, sometimes reflexed, repand, a little toothed, hyaline cells in 2 rows. Original from Dusky Sound coll. Menzies.

This form appears abundantly in V. D. Zotov's collection of hepatics from Caswell Sound, New Zealand and American Expedition, 1949, also from stations in the North Island. It appears constant, and may be a separate species, or perhaps even a slender form of B. involuta.

Forma Aucklandica L. et G. from Auckland Is. coll. Hooker, has stipules triangular-cordate formed by the reflexed lateral margins. Such stipules are commonly seen on specimens.

The following 3 species have been referred to B. adnexa by Stephani:—

B. macroamphigastrium (Col.) Trans. N.Z. Inst., 19, 291, 1886; B. olivacea (Col.) Trans. N.Z. Inst., 19, 291, 1886; B. heterodontium (Col.) Trans. N.Z. Inst., 21, 66, 1888.

The following also appear to belong to B. adnexa:—

B. macrodontium (Col.) Trans. N.Z. Inst., 19, 292, 1886. B. nitens (Col.) Trans. N.Z. Inst., 19, 293, 1886; B. parasiticum (Col.) Trans. N.Z. Inst., 19, 293, 1886; B. compactum (Col.) Trans. N.Z. Inst, 19, 291, 1886; vulcanicum (Col.) Trans. N.Z. Inst. 21, 67, 1888.

The type was collected in Australia (Nova Hollandia) by Sieber.

Bazzania involuta (Mont.) Kuntze. Text-fig. 1, fig. 6.

Herpetium involutum Mont., Ann Sc. Nat., 253, 1843; Tayl, Lond. Journ. of Bot, 388, 1844.

Mastigobryum involutum G. L. et N., Syn. Hep., 1844; L. et G.; Spec. Hep., Fase. 8–11 28, 1851; Mitt. Fl. Nov. Zel., ii, 148, 1855; Hook. Handb. N.Z. Fl., ii, 527, 1867, Steph., Spec. Hep., in, 456, 1909.

Bazzania involuta Kuntze, Gen. Plant., 822, 1901, Rod., Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., 74, 1916.

Mastigobryum elegans Col., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 19, 288, 1886.

Plants medium to robust, yellow or dull green, often pigmented with brown, variable, covering a wide range of forms. Stems stout, to 7 cm., tufted or procumbent, with numerous flagella often long, commonly with ca. 2 branches and forked at the apex. Leaves broadly ovate or semicordate, mostly semivertical, deflexed to involute, convex, to 1·5 mm. long, base ca. 1·5 mm. wide, twice to 3 times the width of the apex, dorsal base reaching to ¾ the width of the stem, upper part of the ventral margin curved inwards, apex with 3 short teeth, sinuses often with denticulations which may reach partly along the leaf margins. Cells rounded-quadrate, fairly uniform in the upper part ca. 20–25μ without trigones, midbasal ca. 25–40μ, with trigones usually present. Stipules medium to very large, to 1 mm. tall by 1 mm. broad, reflexed convex, repand to deeply or crenate-lobed,