
Order Orthoptera
Sub-Order Ensifera
Super-Family Gryllacridoidea
Family Rhaphidophoridae
Sub-Family Macropathinae
Genus Macropathus Walker, 1869.
1888. Pachyrhamma Brunner, Monog. Steno. Gryll Veih z-b Wien, XXXVIII, p. 302.
1896. Pachyrhamma (Brunner) Hutton. Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z., 29, pp. 223–240.
In 1869 Walker erected the genus Macropathus to describe three species of cave-weta collected by H. Drew Esq. from caves in New Zealand. The genus is confined to New Zealand. From the descriptions which he gives it is shown later in this paper that the three species can be synonymised into one. The cave-weta described by Walker is one of the largest and commonest of the group occurring in New Zealand. The generic description he gives, using filifer as the type species for the genus, fails to record the shape of the suranal and subgenital plates of both male and female; but the rest of the description, allowing for variation, appears to agree with the insects I have examined, except for the fore part of the head being “nearly horizontal” whereas it is vertical, and the “eyes small … not prominent “while they are both large and prominent.
In 1888 Brunner erected a new genus Pachyrhamma for the species Hadenoecus edwardsii of Scudder, not realising that he was describing the same genus as Walker had in 1869 under the name Macropathus. Brunner correctly describes the head as vertical, and the eyes as large and reniform in shape. His description differs from my specimens in having the antennae “touching at the base” and “the intermediate tibiae unarmed above,” but it agrees in all other respects He describes the subgenital plate for both male and female.
Hutton (1896) in his paper on “New Zealand Stenopelmatidae” says that in the sub-family Dolichopodinae, to which the genus Macropathus then belonged there are “no ocelli in any of the New Zealand species”. This I have found to be incorrect, as the three species in the genus Macropathus recorded in this paper all possess a single median ocellus.
Hutton redescribes both Pachyrhamma and Macropathus. Of Macropathus he says, “I have had to reconstruct this genus in order that it may be understood. It is very different from Pachyrhamma”. In describing Pachyrhamma Hutton says the antennae are covered with long hairs and touching at the base, the face is glabrous, the fore coxae of the legs touch each other and the middle femora have a short stout apical spine on the inner side. None of these details tally with my specimens in which I have found the antennae are thickly clothed with short setae, and approximating but not touching at their bases; the face is sparsely covered with setae; the fore coxae of the legs although close together are never in actual contact in a living insect. It is possible Hutton's specimens may have been badly preserved, and shrinkage may have drawn the fore coxae more closely together. In all specimens that I have examined, the middle femora possess both prolateral and retrolateral spines. Hutton's description of the supra-anal

plate as “short, rounded” does apply to some specimens but is definitely not common; short, convex terminally, being much more usual. His description of Macropathus is completely different from that given by Walker. In having “the three last joints of the maxillary palpi about equal,” the “fore coxae not spined”, and “none of the femora with apical spines” it differs from my specimens which all have the last joint of the maxillary palp longer than the third and fourth joints; the fore coxae always possess a spine, and all the femora are armed with apical spines.
Neither of Hutton's descriptions of the two genera tallies with my specimens; but they approximate Pachyrhamma more closely than Macropathus. However, as will be shown later in this paper, in the synonymy of Macropathus filifer, Hutton transposed the two genera, so that the correct name of the genus Pachyrhamma is really Macropathus.
The genus Macropathus therefore, must now be redefined as follows:—
Body rather stout and sparsely clothed with short setae. Legs long and slender. Antennae very long and tapering; almost touching at their bases; scape about four times as large as pedicel, which is narrower than scape, but broader than other segments; third segment on dorsal aspect narrower than scape, but half as long again, and on ventral aspect equal or subequal with pedicel; from fourth segment onwards, segments subequal, although steadily decreasing in size; all segments thickly clothed with short setae; antennae of male stouter and longer than those of female Head vertical; compound eyes, laterad, nearly elliptical, twice as long as broad; a single anterior, white, median ocellus only Fastigium rises abruptly, slightly sulcate, with base touching scape of antennae. Mandibles small. Maxillary palpi with third and fourth joints subequal in length. Pronotum rounded anteriorly and produced in front over occiput, truncated posteriorly, sternum transversely narrowed; pronotum and mesonotum distinctly margined laterally and posteriorly Fore coxae close together, but not quite touching, each armed with a spine. All femora sulcate ventrally Femora, tibiae and first and second proximal segments of hind tarsi armed with variable numbers of spines. Apical spines on femora, tibiae and first and second proximal segments of hinl tarsi constant in number. Fore femur bears one spine prolaterally; fore tibia bears four spines, one above and one beneath, both prolaterally and retro-laterally; fore tarsus is unarmed. Middle femur bears two spines beneath, one prolateral and the other retrolateral; middle tibia bears four spines, one above and one beneath, both prolaterally and retrolaterally; middle tarsus is unarmed. Posterior femur bears two spines above, one prolateral and one retrolateral; poster or tibia has a pair of apical spurs above, a pair of apical spines beneath, and a pair of subapical spines beneath, one from each pair being prolateral and the other retrolateral; posterior tarsus two proximal segments each has two spines above, one prolateral and one retrolateral, other two segments are unarmed. Neither apical nor any other spines occur on fore or middle tarsi Cerci long, tapering, unsegmented, clothed with long and short setae. Subgenital plate of female with distal margin widely emarginate. Ovipositor sabre-shaped, subequal with length of body. Subgenital plate of male triangular, one and a-quarter limes as Ions as wide; sides spreading slightly proximally, tapering to concave distally, with a rounded apex, or spatulate distally with lateral margins curved

back over plate; dorsal surface glabrous; ventral surface with apical protuberance thickly clothed with short setae. Lateromedianly the plate bears two small styli, one to each side.
Type species for the genus. Macropathus filifer Walker.
| 1. | Posterior femora bearing approximately 21 retiolateral spines beneath; antennae in male with 5 or 6 large blunt spines; subgenital plate in female varies from sides short and slightly convex, to sides longer, straight or slightly concave, with distal margin widely emarginate | 2 |
| Posterior femora bearing approximately 4 retrolateral spines beneath; numerous small sharp spines on antennae in male; subgenital plate in female with sides convex. distal margin deeply emarginated | M. filifer Walker | |
| 2. | Suranal plate unarmed; all femora armed with spines beneath; subgenital plate in male with sides concave distally | M. (Milligan) |
| Suranal plate with a small median spine in the female, and a large blunt median spine in the male, subgenital plate in male spatulate distally; middle femora unarmed beneath | if deth n.sp |
Macropathus filifer Walker, 1869.
1869. Macropathus fascifer Walker, Cat. Deim Salt Blal., pp. 206–207.
1869. Macropathus altus Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. Blal., pp. 207–208.
1881. Hemideina speluncae Colenso. Trans. Roy. Soc. N. Z., 14, pp. 280–281.
1888. Pachyrhamma edwardsn (Scudd., 1869). Brunner, Monog Steno. Gryll. Verk. z-b Wien, XXXVIII, p. 302.
1888 Pachyrhamma novae-seelanfi Brunner, Monog. Steno. Gryll Verh. z-b Wien, XXXVIII, p. 302, Pl. VII, Fig. 29.
1896. Pachyrhamma fascifer (Walker, 1869), Hutton, Turns Roy Soc N. Z. 29., pp. 230–232, Figs. 12–12c.
1901. Gymnoplection stephensicnsis Alfken, Abhand, [ unclear: ] . Bremen, XVII Band 1 Heft. pp. 150–152.
1923. Pachyrhamma fascifer (Walker, 1869), Chopad, Trans. Roy. Soc. N. Z. 54. pp. 231–233, Text-fig. p. 232.
