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Volume 82, 1954-55
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Panoploea spinosa G. M. Thomson. 1880: 3, pl. 1, fig. 2, 2a-c.
G. M. Thomson, 1880a: 212–213.
Stebbing, 1906: 212.
Stephenson, 1927: 313–314, fig. 9.

Colour greyish-brown to blackish because of many small black stellate chromatophores; eyes reniform, not coalescent, ruby-red; antennae and legs from ischium segment distally a whitish-yellow.

Rostrum as long as 1st peduncle segment of antenna 1; peraeopod 5 slightly the longest; dorsum has a pair of spine prolongations on peraeon segment 7, also on pleon segments 1 to 3, those on pleon segment 3 comparatively short. Eyelobes have two small acute teeth. Length 5 mm.

Antennae. First: Peduncle short, 1st segment width ½ length, a few fine bristle-setae distally; 2nd little more than ½ length 1st but superodistally produced in sharp slender tooth ½ along 3rd, which is ⅓ length 1st, like flagellar segments

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Text-Fig 1.—Panoploea spinosa G. M. Thomson. Male. 1—Adult. 2—Rostrum and eyelobe. 3—Dorsal view of peraeon segment 7, pleon segments 1–3 and urosome. 4—Gnathopod 1; inset shows lip-scale flecking. 5—Gnathopod 1 propod and dactylos. 6—Gnathopod 2. 7—Gnathopod 2, propod and dactylos. 8—Peraeopod 1. 9—Peraeopod 2 sideplate and gill. 10—Dorsal spines of peraeon segment 7. 11—Dorsal spines of pleon segment 3. 12—Conical spine-teeth from margins of pleon dorsal spines, 13—Uropod 3.

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Text-Fig. 2.—Panoploea spinosa G. M. Thomson. Male. 14—Antenna 1. 15—Antenna 2. 16—Lower lip. 17—Right mandible. 18—Mandible palp, 3rd segment. 19—Left mandible and upper lip. 20—Molar process of mandible. 21—Maxilliped, left half. 22—Maxilliped palp. 23—Maxilliped, right inner plate. 24—Maxilla 1. 25-Maxilla 1 palp. 26—Epimeral plates 27—Triangular scale-teeth from epimeral plates and peraeopods. 28—Uropod 1. 29—Uropod 2. 30—Uropod 2, tip of inner ramus. 31—Telson.

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in appearance except for lack of flaccid sensory setae; 2nd has sharply produced inferodistal angle also, 4 spines above it on end margin, 1 spine and setae near superodistal angle, 2 spines and setae ½ along superior margin. Flagellum of 18–82 segments, the last somewhat truncate, each with 2 slender setae and 4 long flaccid sensory setae superodistally. Second: Peduncle shorter than flagellum, 2nd segment subtriangular, with superodistal angle produced in sharp tooth ½ along 3rd; 3rd as long, inferodistal angle a short produced sharp tooth; 2 or 3 spines on superodistal; 4th as wide, slightly more than twice as long, superodistal angle produced ⅓ along 5th in sharp tooth, inferodistal less sharply produced, 4 pairs of spines and a few bristle setae on superior margin, 4 spines on end margin medially and inferiorly; 5th narrowed, almost as long, 2 pairs of spines superiorly, 1 on superodistal angle simulating tooth, 4 on end margin. Flagellum of 30–44 segments, 1st twice as long as others, small tuft of bristlesetae on superodistal angle of each.

Mouthparts. Upper Lip: Longer than wide, ovate, distally notched. Lower Lip: Outer lobes have quite acutely pointed apex; inner margin deeply notched and finely bristled. First Maxillae: Inner plate short (not figured) with 7 or 8 plumose setae distally on inner margin; outer has 10 finely-toothed spines on end; palp 2nd segment slightly the longer, has 8–10 spine-setae terminally Mandibles: Molar process a small basal projection with toothed margin; mandible long and slender, cutting plate of left has about 5 coarse teeth, accessory plate a long blunt finger; right lacks accessory, has only small tooth on inner margin; palp of 3 more or less subequal segments, 2 or 3 setae on end of 2nd, 3rd bluntly tapering with convex outer margin, straight inner with 10–12 toothed spines on distal ½, very finely bristled surface. Maxilliped: Basos and ischium have pair of setae on outer distal angle, 4 longer setae on basos inner plate insertion. Inner plate reaching not much more than ½ along outer, slightly jagged end margin has 10 or so plumose setae, cleft margin finely setose; outer plate lanceolate, rounded end and distal portions of lateral margins strongly fringed with short plumose setae. Merus quite wide, width nearly ½ length, 5 or so fine setae on inner margin, 3 or 4 long fine setae on outer distal angle. Carpus as long when including blunt inner distal angle process which extends ⅓ along propod; setae on outer distal angle and thickly on end of process; propod ⅖ merus length, narrower than carpus and blunt ended, strongly setose on end and less so down inner margin, suggestion of fine comb of teeth on inner margin distally.

Gnathopods. First: Sideplate ovate-triangular, with anterior margin rounding broadly to ventral, posterior straight, posterodistal angle slightly rounded with small setal notch, the anterior surface finely flecked with lip-like scales; width ½ length. Basos slightly longer, curved, width less than ¼ length, naked like all other segments except propod. Ischium ⅖ basos, width not ½ length, merus as long, subtriangular and produced in sharp process about ½ along carpus; carpus narrower, arising from narrow stem early on merus, not quite ½ basos length; propod very slender, not quite as long as carpus, produced inferodistally in narrow process with 4 thick plumose setae basally, 1 on end, 2 or 3 very poorly defined teeth on inner margin forming palm for dactylos, which is barely longer, has similar blunt teeth, 2 thick plumose setae, a distinct cap overlying dactylos tip. Second: Ovate-arcuate, anterior margin convex and surface with lip-scales; vent rally rounded with single setal notch; posteriorly concave, width ⅓ length. Basos as long, width ⅕ length, a few bristle-setae on anterior margin. Ischium

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as wide, ½ as long; merus ovately-triangular, ⅓ basos length, as wide, single bristle-seta posteriorly; carpus ⅖ basos length, subtriangular, 2 setae on posterodistal angle, greatest width ⅖ length; propod as long as ischium, widening a little distally, convex anterior margin has 5 or 6 setae at dactylos base; distal ½ of concave posterior has 7 or 8 sets of 1–3 setae, more down distal ½ of inner margin of blunt process which forms oblique palm for dactylos, has small single spines at apex; dactylos short, slightly curved, naked except for seta on outer margin near base, 1 or 2 near tip; blunt propod process has finely striated surface.

Peraeopods. First: Width nearly ½ length, lip-scales across anteroventral portion; otherwise as in Gn. 2. Basos width ⅓ length, not quite sideplate length, single spine on each distal angle; ischium slightly narrower, ⅓ basos length, naked. Merus piriform, ½ basos length, width ⅔ length, 3 single spines on anterior margin, 2 single and pair on distal angle posteriorly. Carpus ⅓ basos length, widening distally to ¾ length, 2 or 3 spines on anterodistal angle, group of 3 spines ½ along posterior margin, 5 on angle; propod margins parallel, anterior with 2 pairs of spines plus bristle-setae, latter also on distal angle; posterior with 5 groups of 3–5 spines, width ⅓ length, length ⅔ basos; dactylos stout, curved, ⅔ propod length, 2 or 3 minute setae on margins. Second: Sideplate width about ⅔ length, lateral margins approaching to parallel although anterior broadly rounding ventrally; posterior shallowly excavate for proximal ⅓. Otherwise like Pr. 1. Gills simple, pendulous, basos length. Third: Sideplate posterior lobe larger and deeper than anterior, 4 or 5 minute setae on posterior margin, also set with triangular scale-teeth. Basos ovate, as wide as long and slightly longer than sideplate posterior lobe; anterior margin straight except for convex distal portion which has 5 strong short spines; posteriorly basos expanded to a wide slightly convex flange with posterior margin deeply serrate by about 17 deep sharp teeth, a seta between each. Otherwise like Pr. 4. Fourth: Sideplate trapezoid, wider than deep, depth about ⅔ basos; anterodistal angle rounded, posterodistal a sharp point with secondary serration below; posterior surface and margin triangularly scaled. Basos as before, anterior margin more convex, with as many as 9 or so spines commencing midway. Ischium nearly ⅓ basos length, subsquare, 3 or 4 spines anteriorly; merus piriform, anterior length ¾ basos, width ½ length, straight margin has 5 sets of 1–3 spines, distal angle a short sharp tooth; posterior convex and proximally constricted with 4 or 5 single spines, 4 more on angle which is produced sharply nearly ½ down carpus; carpus as long, width ⅓ length, slightly convex posterior margin has distal groups of 2–5 spines; anterior has 3 groups of 3–7. Propod as long as basos, linear, width ¼ length, 4 groups of 2 or 3 small spines posteriorly, 5 of 4 or 5 spines anteriorly, dactylos ½ as long. Fifth: Sideplate ovately rectangular, posterodistally rounded with triangular scale-teeth, 3 or 4 small serrations and minute setae. Basos slightly longer than wide, anterior margin strongly convex with 8–10 spines; posteriorly expanded to great convex flange reaching ½ down merus, 4 or so small serrations on proximal ½, about 20 deep serrations distally.

Pleon. In flattened dorsal view the pleon spines show a few minute setae marginally, also fine conical spine-teeth and triangular scale-teeth.

Epimeral Plates. First: Ovate with 2–5 spines on anterior margin, slight tooth marking posterodistal angle. Second: Anterodistal angle rounded, 3 spines ventrally, posterodistal angle a small posteriorly directed tooth; posterior margin sigmoid. Third: Wider than deep, subrectangular, anterodistal angle rounded, 3

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spines ventrally, posterodistal angle a sharp tooth; a second slightly upturned sharp tooth on posterior margin medially, the margin between these teeth oblique with 6 or 7 distinct serrations, each with a seta; margin above superior tooth shallowly and obliquely excavate.

Uropods. First: Rami subequal, shorter than peduncle, 4–5 spines on inner dorsal margin of peduncle, 6–8 on outer, margins minutely toothed; inner ramus has 6 and 3 spines, notch either side of ramus near tip; outer has 4 spines dorsally and single notch; margins of both finely pectinate. Second: Outer ramus slightly shorter, inner slightly longer than peduncle, which has 1 spine on inner distal angle 2–4 on outer margin and angle, is a little scaled and pectinate; inner ramus has 3 and 5 marginal spines, 2 notches near tip, outer similar but with 3 spines, 1 notch; both have pectinate margins Third. Rami longer than peduncle, outer the shorter, canoe-shaped with 7 and 6 spines, margins of both pectinate; peduncle distal angles sharply produced Telson: Margins slightly convex, apically pointed each side of shallow notch, a small secondary serration with seta outside each apex.

Hypotypes Slides P.106, male; additional details slides P.107, and P.110, females.

Localities On Elzerina blainvilli (Lamaroux), polyzoan, from Portobello Marine Biological Station, 20/1/54. coll. D. E. H. (P.106, ♂); on E. blainvilla, P.M.B.S., 17/2/54, coll. D. E. H. (P. 110, ♀); “Dunedin Harbour”, Chilton Collection (C. 111); “off Kawau Island, Hauraki Gulf, 'Hinemoa', 29. XII. 14”, Chilton Collection; “New Zealand”, Chilton Collection; slides in Chilton Collection labelled “Panoploea spinosa G.M.T. Dunedin”.

Distribution. Auckland Islands (Stephensen, 1927); New Zealand.