measured to the cloaca, 56% of the total length. Caudal peduncle without lateral keels or precaudal pits.

Dermal denticles numerous, small, bristle-like to the touch, distributed loosely and uniformly, but not arranged in any pattern, and clothing the entire body with the exception of the distal margins of the fins, the axils of the fins, and the lower lip. Denticles from the trunk, the fins and the posterior parts of the head similar. Each has a stout 4-angled base, the angles arising as high ridges to the peduncle, which bears a generally slender, elongate, erect and curved, tridentate blade, the latter strongly hollowed out proximally, and laterally margined by a narrow, flattopped rim. The distal portion of the blade trough-shaped, with a pronounced median ventral keel, and terminating in a long, sharp, median tooth which in lateral view is curved smoothly downwards so that it is below the level of the shorter lateral teeth and separated from them by deeply incised notches. The denticles of this type on the fins and caudal peduncle are more closely packed and have shorter blades than those on the rest of the trunk. Denticles from the top of the head in the interorbital region have stouter peduncles, and more erect, less curved and wider blades. These latter are hollowed out proximally, with a narrow flat marginal rim, and are tridentate distally, as are those from the trunk. However, the teeth are short and wide, and there is a median, longitudinal, steep-sided, dorsal ridge confluent proximally with the marginal rim, and arising from the concave floor of the blade and extending to the tip of the median tooth. Also the ventral keel is greatly produced in depth, and is notched distally so that it carries a short, pointed, ventral tooth. Denticles from the snout, both above and below, very closely packed and stouter than those from the interorbital region. They resemble the latter in having a median dorsal keel or ridge, and a toothed ventral keel, but the ventral tooth is less pronounced, and the blades are subovoidal in outline and terminate in a single median tooth. The marginal rims are narrow proximally, but wide distally where they are slightly hollowed out and slope laterally before terminating abruptly, so that the distal margins lack a rim and become confluent to form the median tooth. Denticles from the upper lip, and those forming a band along the posterior edge of the naked lower lip, have very heavy bases and peduncles, and large, wide, leafshaped curved blades. The blades are hollowed proximally where they have wide, flat-topped margins and an incipient median dorsal keel. Distally the blades are smooth and without a dorsal keel. The ventral keel is lacking, or only a little developed basally, and there is no ventral tooth.

Head measured to 1st gill-opening 6.3 in the total length and 1.5 times the least fleshy interorbital distance. Head depressed, and broad, with obtusely rounded lateral margins. The dorsum of head flat, but with prominent supraorbital ridges elevating the profile Contour of snout from above broad, and forming an obtuse angle interrupted by a rounded prominence at the snout tip. Snout short, the distance from snout tip to eye subequal to the horizontal diameter of the eye and 2.5 in the interorbital. Eye elongate, oval, twice as long as high. Spiracle sited dorsally, its lateral margin just above the level of the dorsal margin of the eye, and its anterior margin posterior to the eye by a distance subequal to the vertical diameter of the eye. Length of the spiracle 2.0 in the horizontal diameter of the eye. Gill-openings small, vertical, their anterior margins concave, and all of them anterior to and on the same horizontal level

as the pectoral basis. Length of the gill-openings decreasing slightly from the 1st to the 5th, the latter 1.5 in the vertical diameter of the eye. Interspaces between the gill-openings greatest between the 1st and 2nd, where it is twice that between the 4th and 5th. Nostrils moderately oblique, close to the margin of the snout, their length 1.9 in the distance between their inner corners, and 1.2 in the vertical diameter of the eye. The nasal aperture is divided into a larger anterior and a smaller posterior aperture by the anterior and posterior nasal flaps, both of the latter being triangular. Mouth broad and very little arched. Width of mouth slightly greater than the preoral distance. The upper labial furrows long, deeply incised anteriorly but shallowing posteriorly where they extend well posterolateral to the angles of the jaws. The anterior extensions of the furrows reaching about ⅗ of the distance between the angle and the symphysis of the upper jaw and the posterior extensions equal to the anterior. The lower labial furrows short and shallowly incised, extending along the lower lip for ⅖ of the distance between the angles and the symphysis of the lower jaw.

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Teeth 22-1-22/17-17, dissimilar in the two jaws. The upper teeth erect, with a single, smooth-edged, elongate, lanceolate cusp borne on a bifid base, arranged in anteroposterior rows and with several series functional. The teeth in the middle third of each side of the jaw larger than those towards either the symphysis or the angle. The anterior series of teeth smaller and with less regularly shaped bases than the posterior and successional series. The rows of teeth towards the angles of the jaws with broader bases and cusps, and with the cusps slightly oblique, so that those right at the angle have a smoothly curved notch on their lateral margin. Three series of teeth functional at the centre of the mouth, two towards the angles. Lower teeth with a single, smooth-edged, sharp, triangular cusp borne on a rectangular base that is considerably higher than broad. The cusps are strongly reflexed laterally, so that the lateral margin is strongly and sharply notched and the median margin forms the principal cutting edge. There is no median tooth, and the first tooth on the left side overlaps the first tooth on the right. A single series of teeth functional, with each tooth slightly overlapping its lateral neighbour, to form an almost continuous cutting edge.

First dorsal originates by a very shallow angle a little posterior to the level of the pectoral insertion. Base of the 1st dorsal, measured from the first evident elevation in the profile, equal to twice the horizontal diameter of the eye. Height of 1st dorsal 3.0 in its base The upper profile almost continuously rounded, with only the apex breaking the outline. The distal margin frayed—as are the distal margins of all the other fins—and the posterior tip sharply pointed and free from the base for a distance equal to that between the insertion of the base and the level of the 1st dorsal spine. The 1st dorsal spine with only its tip protruding. The 2nd dorsal larger than the 1st, with the base 1 2/3ths as long as that of the 1st dorsal, and the upper profile flatter and more smoothly curved. The 2nd dorsal spine similar to the 1st. Origin of the 2nd dorsal above the middle of the pelvic base, with the posterior tip above the subcaudal origin Caudal 3.6 in the total length. The epiural lobe well developed, its height about ⅕ of its length, and its margin almost straight proximally but convex distally. The terminal lobe very obliquely truncate so as to be bluntly pointed with an indistinct subterminal notch Origin of the hypural lobe anterior to that of the epiural lobe by a distance equal to the height of the peduncle at the same level. Anterior hypural lobe subequal to the height of the epiural lobe, and with a convex anterior margin