Herzog's corrected name of Tylunanthus (1953) is also not sustained. Regarding this, Mr. J. H. Willis, of Melbourne National Herbarium, sends the following note: “Mitten deliberately chose this spelling (Tylimanthus) and stuck to it consistently—probably because he thought the name more euphonious than any other…. It is distinctly laid down in the Code that only printing slips or unintentional spelling errors may be corrected.”

Plants dioicous, medium to robust, usually terrestrial, in loose clumps. Stems simple or sparsely branched, often bare of leaves towards the base, rhizoids sometimes plentiful. Leaves succubous, obliquely inserted, rounded-ovate or oblong, entire, denticulate, or bilobed or bidentate with the antical lobe the smaller, smaller and more remote towards the base, under-leaves absent. Cells medium to large, walls thick, trigones present, contents often clustered round the walls, smooth or minutely asperate. Invol. leaves in several pairs, similar to the cauline, but larger, archegonia terminal on the stem or branch, remaining on top of the marsupium, the fertilised one growing downwards within the marsupium as it lengthens, but its mouth apparently always remaining on a level with the tip of the marsupium (as observed by K. W. Allison). Marsupium terminal, pendulous, often inclined towards the stem, usually setose, but smooth in T. saccatus. Perigonial bracts leafy in few or many pairs, either terminal or median on the stem, squarrose, inflated at the base, containing more than one antheridia.

This genus differs from Marsupidium in the pendulous, terminal marsupium, and in the androecia being along the stem as in Lophocolea, and not spicate. Stephani lists 56 species of Tylimanthus, 42 being attributable to himself, and all of them are sterile.

The type of the genus is Tylimanthus saccatus (Hook. senr.) Mitt.

Jungermannia saccata Hook. Musci Exotici, t. 16, p. 22, 1818.

Jung. (subgenus Gymnanthe) saccata Tayl. Fl. Ant. 1847.

Gymnanthe saccata Tayl. in G. L. et N. Syn. Hep., 193, 1845; Mitt., Fl. N.Z., 1855, Hook. Handb. N.Z. Fl., 520, 1867.

Tylimanthus saccatus (Hook.) Mitt., Appen Handb. N.Z. Fl., 1867; Steph., Spec. Hep., iii, 5, 1909; Rod., Pprs. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., 34, 1916.

Tylimanthus furfuraceus Col., Trans. N.Z. Inst., 285, 1886.

Tylimanthus novae-zelandiae Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst., 21, 63, 1888.

Plants dioicous, robust or medium, pale or dull green, tufted, with the appearance of a Plagiochila, corticolous or terrestrial, rarely fruiting. Stems to 6 cm, but usually shorter, simple or branched, without rhizoids except at the base, flexuous. Leaves distant, to 3.5 mm, small or absent on the lower part of the stem, oblong-quadrate, truncate or slightly emargmate, with a shallow sinus, dorsal margin decurrent, recurved at the base, entire, ventral margin and apex serrulate. Cells ca. 30 × 20μ, walls thickish, trigones minute or absent. Marsupium terminal, pendulous, glabrous, from between 2 small narrow leaves, cylindrical, narrowed to the base, to 7 mm, long, not quite 2 mm broad, seta 3 mm, capsule valves narrow-linear, 6 mm long × 0.5 mm wide. Perigonial bracts in few pairs at or near the apex of the stem, saccate-amplexicaul at the base, antheridia numerous to as many as 10.

The serrulate ventral leaf-margin is a good identification character of this species Stephani and Rodway are not correct in stating that the marsupium is setulose or clothed with coarse hairs, nor does Hooker mention it or show any signs of it in his excellent plate. This species was the type of Taylor's genus Gymnanthe, but, as stated elsewhere, that name is too similar to an earlier name Gymnanthes, to be retained.

North Island: On ground in bush, Lake Waikaremoana to Lake Waikare-iti, 2,000ft to 3,000ft, 3582, 9272, 6335, 3642, E. A. H.; Oroua Valley, Ruahines, 6032, H. M. H.; Pohangina, 6045, A. P. D.; Orongorongo River, 7147, P. R. B. Herb., V. D. Z.; Ruahines, 6037, N. M. Elder; Ohau Stream (near Otaki), H207, L. B. M.; South Ruahines, 773, A. P. D.

South Island: Westland, 6041, M. Berry; Paparoa Range, 3571, H. W. Wellman; Greenstone, L30, E. B. Ashcroft; Fox Glacier, 6034, Mrs. Knight; tree trunks, Lake Mathieson, 10618, trees, Waiho, 10607, track from Lake Te Anau to Wilmot Pass, 10613, W. M.; Milford Track, 145, A. Purchas; Haast Pass, M. P. Matthews; Bligh Sound, H870, Leith Saddle, 303, G. S.; Franklin Mts., Lake Te Anau, 4281, W. A. Thomson; fiordland excursion, 6031, H. H. A.; bush, on soil, on log, Mt. Cargill, 40672, P. R. B. Herb., G. S.

Stewart Island: Ulva, 6039, P. R. B. Herb., T. Kirk; Paterson's Arm, 2669, Glory Harbour, 6032, W. M.

Stephani also mentions as collectors Colenso, Helms, Dall, Beckett. Also reported from New South Wales, Tasmania, Norfolk Island by Stephani.

The type was from Dusky Sound, collected by Dr. Archibald Menzies, 1791.

Jungermannia tenella Tayl. Lond. Journ. of Bob., 377, 1844.

Jungermannia (Subg. Gymnanthe) tenella Tayl. Fl. Ant., 1847.

Gymnanthe tenella G et L. in Lehm. Pug. viii, G. L. et N., Syn. Hep., 192, 1845.

Tylimanthus tenellus Steph., Spec. Hep. iii, 9, 1909; Rod., Pprs. & Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., 35, 1916.

Tylimanthus flaccidus Berggr. N.Z. Hep. 1898.

^* Gymnanthe (Marsupidium) hirsutum Col., Trans. N.Z. Inst., xiv, 340, 1881.

Plants variable, with creeping radicellose rhizomes spreading in patches, dioicous, on logs, bases of trees and ground, bright green when fresh. Stem to 3 cm, flexuous, simple or branched, often from the base. Leaves small and distant on the lower portion of the stem with few rhizoids, remote to contiguous higher up, to 2.5 mm, often shorter, convex, bilobed, dorsal margin mostly recurved, nearly straight, decurrent, ventral arched, serrate near the apex, and often acuminate, leaf-apex variable, ventral lobe larger than the dorsal, sinus often serrated to where the dorsal lobe starts. Cells hexagonal, 30–40μ, walls thickish. Marsupium 3 mm from between 2 small leaves, narrowly obovate, setose, clothed with bristly hairs. ♂ bracts leafy, in few pairs, usually on mid-stem, basal portion saccate, upper portion as in ordinary leaves.

This species is omitted from the Flora Novae Zelandiae and the Handbook, as Mitten, also Taylor (1847) considered it to be a form of T. saccatus. But the authors of the Synopsis would not accept this, nor did Stephani. It differs from T. saccatus in the shorter leaves, which in most cases have a more arched ventral margin. The apex of T. saccatus is more truncate with a very shallow sinus, and the ventral margin and apex are entirely serrulate, while the marsupium is long and narrow and not setose, but very rarely found fruiting.

Dr. Arnell agrees that T. flaccidus Berggr. is T. tenellus.

North Island: Papa cutting, Nihutapu Valley, Auckland, E. D. Hatch; logs and stumps in bush and under manuka, Rotorua County, 8 specimens; on earth near Rangitaiki River, Murupara, damp bush Otanepu, earth bank under heavy manuka, E. of Taupo, K. W. A; Maungapohatu H140, Ohau River, L. B. M.; Toa Toa, Bay of Plenty, 4278, I. Haskell; Waiotaka Valley, Kaimanawas, 6024, 10457, Northern Ruahines, 6334, H. M. H.; Whakapunake, Wairoa, c. 3,000ft, A. P. D.; Mangahao Dams, 6336, E. O. Campbell; Waikaremoana, 3042, 6023, roadside bank in bush, Mangahao, 10569, edge of track in bush, Dawson Falls, Mt. Egmont, 3,000ft, 10261, on ground, Silverstream Bush, 9649, E. A. H.; Orongorongo River, 7133, P. R. B. Herb., V. D. Z.; a1323, a1016, a1898 Herb. Colenso, the last two from the Melbourne Herbarium, also No. 352, Colenso, New York Herbarium.

South Island: Glen Hope, Nelson, 6043, Pelorus Bridge, Nelson, 6026, I. Haskell; Karamea, 279, Miss Foot; Bealey River, 3685a, 3882 p.p. S. Berggren; Wilmot Pass to Lake Manapouri, 9461, Doubtful Sound, 6698, W. M.; Dunedin, S. Berggren (type of T. flaccidus Berggr.); on open bank of Makarora River, at bottom of Haast Pass, Central Otago, H 5998, K. W. A.

Antipodes Island: On earth with other hepatics, 26559, Auckland Museum Herb., E. G. Turbott.

Campbell Island, “Cape Expedition”.

The type was from Tasmania, Herb. Taylor and Gottsche ex Herb. Greville, also from Auckland Island, coll. Hooker.

Marsupidium rotundifolium Berggr. N.Z. Hepaticae, Lund, 1898.

Plants dioicous, mostly sterile, small, variable, prostrate or tufted, pale or dull olive green, sometimes fading to whitish, terrestrial or corticolous, Stems simple or branched, to 1.5 cm, may be flexuous but not nodding, branches lateral from the axils of the leaves, often from below the apex of the old stem, rhizoids numerous when the stems are prostrate. Apical leaves of fruiting stems to 1.2 mm, ordinary cauline leaves ca. 0.5 mm rounded, entire, sometimes a little retuse at apex, often caducous, remote to imbricate, plano-distichous to erecto-patent. Cells ca. 30μ, quadrate to sub-hexagonal, cell contents mostly round the walls, trigones small Marsupium terminal on main stem or branches, to 2 mm long, 0.9 mm wide at mouth, obconic descending, a little tuberculate, scarcely setulose, seta short, capsule walls appearing granulate. ♂ bracts in few pairs, mostly at the apex of the stem, saccate-concave, imbricate, sub-erect.

The important discovery of the terminal marsupium by K. W. Allison leaves no doubt as to the genus to which this species belongs. It is the same colour as Marsupidium abbreviatum but is smaller.

North Island: On Weinmannia trunks in shade, ravine at base of Rainbow Mt., Rotorua region, 6339, within two feet of base of larch tree at edge of swamp, Ngapuna, near Rotorua, 6340, dry shady bank under manuka near Atiamuri, H396, on upper limbs of standing totara, bush near Oruanui, North of Taupo, H394, base of manuka on steep hillside in shade, E. of Taupo ca. 2,200ft, H562, on bare trunks of Nothofagus fusca, 4282, Lower trunks of Nothofagus fusca, 6341, Pukerimu Bush, E. of Taupo, all coll. K. W. A.; edge of track with Chandonanthus squarrosus, Dawson Falls, Mt. Egmont, 10204, E. A. H.

South Island: Bush near Queen Charlotte Sound, 6345, J. H. McMahon; Arthur's Pass, 6347, F. M., 6344, H. M. H.; log in bush on upper slopes, Bethune's Gully, Mt. Cargill, Dunedin, ca., 1,800ft, H4469, K. W. A.; Fiordland, 5319, V. D. Z.

The type was collected by Berggren on tree trunks, Maungaroa, North Island, 1874.

Planta sterilis, parva vel media, flavo-virens Caulis ad 2 cm, e caudice repente, simplex vel ramosus, ramis posticis. Folia 1–2 cm, imbricata, contigua vel remota, fragilia siccata, valde irregularia, plerumque oblongo-obovata, biloba, lobis acutis, lobo antico minore, margmibus vulgo nudis. Cellulae 20–30μ, basales ad 40μ, maculatae an papillis minutissimis?

Plants small to medium, sterile, yellow-green, closely tufted or with stems creeping amongst other hepatics. Stems to about 2 cm, from a creeping rhizome, simple or branched, branches postical, sometimes with very small remote leaves, rhizoids sometimes present but not common. Leaves imbricate to remote, yellow-green, older and broader ones paling sometimes to whitish, brittle when dry, irregular in size, shape and armature, rectangular to rectangular-obovate, ventral margin usually more arched than the dorsal, usually bilobed with the ventral lobe larger than the dorsal, margins usually entire, but on some small states spinose. Cells opaque, speckled, 20–30μ, trigones present.

The bright yellow green colour and irregularly shaped leaves distinguish this species from Tylimanthus tenellus. It is the species which was identified by Berggren as T. viridis Mitt. But having examined the type kindly sent from Mitten's Herbarium, I am convinced that this is not so. Mitten's description also bears this out—Leaves “oblong-quadrata”, sinu irregulari, late subtruncato, bilobata, lobis obtusis”.