Volume 85, 1957-58
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| Cladonia didyma (Fèe) Vainio | |
| Podetia strongly squamose | f. squamulosa Robbins. |
| A. Podetia areolate-corticate near the apex | var. rugifera Vain. |
| B. Podetia decorticate | var. muscigena (Eschw.) Vain. |
| 1. Branched | f. polydactyloides (Müll Arg.) Vain. |
| 2. Simple and very short | f. pygmaea Vain. |
| Cladonia digitata Schaer. Podetia scyphose, sorediate near apex, esquamulose | f. monstrosa (Ach.) Vain. |
| Podetia scyphose, sorediate near apex, squamulose | f. phyllophora Anzi |
| Podetia without scyphi, moderately stout | f. cervchoides Vain. |
| Podetia without scyphi, slender | f. tenella Th. Fr. |
| Cladonia flabelliformis (Flk.) Vainio Podetia simple, tubaeform or scyphose | f. tubaeformis (Mudd.) Vain. |
| Podetia repeatedly proliferous and scyphose | var. polydactyla (Flk.) Vain. |
| Cladonia Floerkeana (Fr.) Sommerf. Podetia corticate, no soredia or squamuls | f. chloroides (Flk.) Vain. |
| Podetia corticate, sorediose, no squamules | f. intermedia Hepp. |
| Podetia moderately squamulose | f. carcata (Ach.) Nyl. |
| Cladonia macilenta (Hoffm.) Nyl. Podetia obtuse, farinose-sorediate, esquamulose, spermagonia on primary thallus | f. styracella (Ach.) Vain. |
| Podetia sorediate, squamulose, spermagonia on primary thallus if present | f. squamigera Vain. |
| Podetia corticate, soredia sparse | var. corticata Vain. |
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| Cladonia coccifera (L). Willd. | |
| Podetia without squamules, apothecia large, globose | var. stemmatina Arch. |
| Podetia squamose | f. phyllocoma Flk. |
| Cladonia subdigitata (Nyl.) Vain. Podetia proliferous, much digitately branched above | f. polydactyloides Nyl. |
| Cladonia pleurota (Flk.) Schaer. Podetia without squamules, robust, fertile, apothecia on robust marginal innovations. K — | f. extensa (Ach.) Sandst. |
| Podetia with wide, open cups, and conspicuous large marginal apothecia. K — | f. decorata Vainio |
| Podetia. K + | f. albida Vainio |
| Podetia squamulose. K — | f. phyllocoma (Flk.) Sandst. |
| Proliferations central. | f. centralis (Schaer) Oliv. |
| Cladonia deformis Hoffm. Podetia ascyphose, tapering to blunt points | f. cornuta Fors. |
| Podetia scyphose, not proliferous | f. cyathiformts Sandst. |
| Podetia scyphose, margins lacerate prolifei-ous | f. extensa (Hoffm.) Vain. |
| Cladonia Balfourii Cromb. | |
| Podetia scyphose but cups gradually expanded to not more than 2 mm in width | f. chlorophaeoides (Vain.) Evans. |
| Cladonia Borbonica (Del.) Nyl. Scyphi absent or narrow. Podetia squamulose | f. squamulosa Robbins |
| Cladonia calycantha Del. Margins of scyphi squamulose | f. foliolosa Vain. |
| Cladonia chlorophaea (Flk.) Spreng. Podetia sterile, esquamulose, or few basal squamules. Scyphi without proliferations. Decoiticate surface of cups smooth and opaque | f. simplex (Hoffm.) Arn. |
| Decoiticate surface of cups ribbed, semi pellucid | f. costata (Flk.) Arn. |
| Scyphi proliferate, and proliferations mostly scyphose | f. prolifera (Wallr.) Arn. |
| Podetia fertile, esquamulose, cups distinct | f. carpophora (Flk.) Anders. |
| Cladonia comocraea (Flk.) Sandst. Podetia subulate, tips minutely centrally depressed | f. ceratodes (Flk.) Dalla Torre and Sarnth. |
| Podetia truncate or narrowly scyphose, tips conspicuously centrally depressed | f. truncata (Flk.) Dalla Torre and Sarnth. |
| Podetia squamose or squamulose | f. phyllostrota (Flk.) Vain. |
| Podetia scyphose, cups well expanded and proliferate | f. stenoscypha (Stuckenb) Sandst. |
| Cladonia cornuta (L.) Schaer. No scyphi or podetial squamules | f. cylindrica Schaer. |
| Scyphose | f. scyphosa Schaer. |
| Podential squamules present | f. phyllotoca (Flk.) Arn. |
| Cladonia cornutoradiata (Coem.) Sandst. Podetia elongate, branches few or none, not scyphose, almost wholly decorticate and sorediose | f. subulata (L.) Sandst. |
| Podetia elongate, scyphose, proliferous, wholly decorticate and sorediose | f. radiata (Schreb.) Coem |
| Podetia branched but not scyphose | f. furcellata Sandst |
| Podetia squamose or esquamulose | f. capreolata (Flk.) Flot. |
| Scyphose, repeatedly proliferous from margin of lower scyphi, scyphi large and regular | f. repetitoprolifera Sandst. |
| Cladonia degenerans (Flk.) Spreng. Podetia scyphose, squamules few or none. | f. repitoproifera Sandst. |
| Scyphi regular but sterile | f. euphorea (Ach.) Flot. |
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| Scyphi irregular, with lacerate margins | f cladomorpha (Ach.) Vain. |
| Podetia ascyphous, irregularly branched, branches cornute or subulate | f. dilacerata Schaer. |
| Podetia with or without scyphi, squamulose | f. phyllophora (Ehrh.) Flot. |
| Primary thallus curling into loose balls which roll freely in the wind | f. erratica Lindsay |
| Cladoma gracilis (L) Willd Scyphi regular, sterile, proliferous, no squamules or soredia | var dilatata (Hoffm) Vain |
| Scyphi often irregular, podetia often squamulose | f. dilacerata Flk. |
| Scyphi if present minute. Podetia very slender | var gracillima Norrl, |
| Scyphi regular, deformed, or none Podetia rather slender and esquamulose. K − | var chordalis (Flk) Schaer. |
| Scyphi ± regular, narrow. Podetia stout, yellowish-biown. esquamulose K + (brown) atronorine absent. | var. elongata (Jacq.) Flk |
| Similar to last but glaucescent K + (strong yellow), atronorine present (Often treated as a valid species) | f ecmocyna (Ach) Vain |
| Podetia sparingly granulose, variegated | var Campbelliana Vain |
| Cladonia pyxidata (L) Hoffm Primary squamules adnate appiessed to substratum | val pocillum (Ach) Flot |
| Primary squamules free, ascending, podetia esquamulose | var neglecta (Flk.) Mass. |
| Podetia not proliferating; cups sterile or apothecia sterile | f simplex (Ach) Harm |
| Podetia proliferate from outer surface, these scyphose | f peutheta (Walh) Robbins |
| Podetia squamulose | f lophvra Ach |
| Cladonia pityrea (Flk.) Vainio Podetia rarely over 2.5 cm Scyphi present or absent | vai Zwackhu Vain |
| Podetia scyphose Podetia sorediose, squamules few or none | f cladomorpha Flk |
| Podetia sorediose, squamulose or isidiosquamulose | f hololepis (Flk) Vain |
| Podetia not sorediose, podetial squamules few or none | f scyphifera (Del.) Vain |
| Podetia ascyphous Squamules few or none, podetia sorediose | f subacuta Vain |
| Squamulose: podetia not sorediose | f phyllophora (Mudd.) Vain. |
| Podetia 3–6.5 cm high, ascyphous or scarcely scyphose, areolate-corticate near base, ± granulose-decorticate above | var subareolata Vain |
| Cladonia verticillata (Hoffm.) Schaer. Primary squamule. small. K−. Podetia usually esquamulose, proliferations central | var evoluta Th Fr |
| Podetia somewhat squamulose | f phyllocephala Flot. |
| Proliferations both central and marginal | f apoticta (Ach.) Vain. |
| C. furcata (Huds.) Schrad | |
| Podetia without squamules or soredia | var racemosa (Hoffm) Flk. |
| Sterile and subulate | f furcatosubulata (Hoffm) Vain. |
| Fertile and subcorymbose | f corymbosa (Ach) Nyl |
| Podetia squamulose | var pinnata Flk |
| Sterile podetia subulate, fertile ± corymbose | f foltolosa Del |
| C. scabriuscula (Del.) Leight. Podetia whitish or glaucescent. Cortex subcontinuous or dispersed. Podetia |
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| isidio-squamulose below, granular above. Sterile apices subulate. Repeatedly but sparingly dichotomous | f. surrecta (Flk.) Sandst. |
| Cortex as above. Podetia rather stout. Apex obtuse, becoming isidio-squamulose, and granular or verrucose | f. cancellata Mull. Arg. |
| Podetia mainly decorticate, but squamulose, and isidiose, granular, or verrucose | f. adspersa Flk. |
| Podetia dark, or pale brown. Mainly decorticate and squamulose | f. conspersa Vain. |
| (Forms sublevis Sandst and semipellucida Sandst are also recorded from New Zealand. See 52, p. 40.) | |
| C. squomosa (Scop.) Hoffm. Podetia cup-forming. Podetia decorticate in upper part, sparingly granulose or esorediose. Podetia naked or finely but sparingly squamulose | f. denticollis (Hoffm.) Flk. |
| Podetia densely squamulose | f. squamosissima Flk. |
| Podetia corticate, white or ashy, squamose | f. phyllocoma (Rabenh.) Vain. |
| Podetia granulose, scyphose | f. gracilenta Mull. Arg. |
| Cladonia Boryi Tuck. Podetia blunt, scarcely scyphose | f. lacunosa (Bory) Tuck. |
| Podeti with ± distinct scyphi | f. reticulata (Russell) Merrill. |
| Cladonia capitellata (Tayl.) Bab Podetia aseyphous, primary thallus ± per-sistent. Podetial axils not dilated | f. fastigiata Vain. |
| Podetial axils dilated and branching | finterhtascents (Nyl.) Vain. |
| Podetia ascyphous, blackish at base with white spots, primary thallus soon vanishing | f. degenerata Vain. |
| Podetia scyphose or frequently so. Primary thallus ± persistent | f. amaurocraeiodes Vain. |