Brassica campestris L. (Cruciferae).

Bromus sp. (Gramineae). A member of the subgenus Ceratochloa (Beauv.)

Griseb., this plant differs from the related and common B. catharticus Vahl in the stiffly erect panicles and longer, hairy, distinctly awned spikelets. The plant is not uncommon about Christchurch and down the cast coast of the South Island as far south as Oamaru, and is conspicuous by its production of panicles during autumn and winter.

B. carinatus Hk. et Arn. (Gramineae). According to V. D. Zotov, Botany Division, D.S.I.R., there is some doubt as to whether this plant is in fact true B. carinatus, but the name is here used in the sense of Allan (1940: 232).

B. catharticus Vahl (Gramineae).

B. gussonii Parl. (Gramineae).

B. mollis L. (Gramineae).

Calystegia sylvatica (Willd.) Rocm. et Sch. (Convolvulaceae). Spreading into reserve from hedgerows of adjoining sections.

Campanula rapunculoides L. (Campanulaceae)

Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Med. (Cruciferae)

Cardamine hirsuta L. (Cruciferae).

Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. (Caryophyllaceae).

C. vulgatum L. (Caryophyllaceae).

Chenopodium album L. (Chenopodiaceae)

C. murale L. (Chenopodiaceae)

Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (Compositae)

C. vulgare (Savi) Ten. (Compositae)

Clematis vitalba L. (Ranunculaceae). Occasional plants scrambling over shrubs.

Conium maculatum L. (Umbelliferae)

Cotoneaster francheti Boiss. (Rosaceae). Seedlings and young plants noted.

C. simonsii Baker (Rosaceae). Seedlings and occasional shrubs present. Cotula australis (Sieb.) Hk. f. (Compositae).

Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (Rosaceae). Seedlings and young plants occasional.

Crepis capillaris (L.) Wallr. (Compositae)

C. taraxacifolia Thuill. (Compositae).

Dactylis glomerata L. (Gramineae).

^†Dapline laureola L. (Thymeleaceae). Reproducing and establishing freely in forest. In view of the recreational use of this reserve, attention is drawn to the poisonous nature of the species; Forsyth (1954: 70) states, “The spurge laurel (D. laureola), like its cousin the mezereon, is extremely poisonous in all its parts, especially the bark and berries. Children are attracted by the berries and death may result from eating them.” (BD. 83273.)

Digitalis purpurea L. (Scrophulariaceae)

Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott (Polypodiaccae)

Duchesnea indica (Andrew) Focke (Rosaceae). Abundant in clearings, about forest margins, and on forest floor, in parts forming distinct communities with Lamium album and Viola odorata.

Epilobium sp.^‡

Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Herit. (Geraniaceae)

E. moschatum (L.) L'Herit (Geraniaceae)

Euonymus europaeus L. (Celastraceae). Occasional seedlings and shrubs.

^†E. phellomana Loes. (Celastraceae). Abundant in all stages marginally and through the forest, and now a prominent member of the shrub layer. The seedlings are a distinct feature on the floor (BD. 68063.)

*E. radicans Sieb. (Celastraceae). A single immature plant in a clearing appears to be a variegated form of this species.

Euphorbia peplus L. (Euphorbiaceae)

Fragaria vesca L. (Rosaceae). Less common than Duchesnea indica, and much less significant in the herb layer.

Fraxinus excelsioi L. (Oleaceae). Seedlings not uncommon on floor; cut stumps showing regrowth.

Galium aparine L. (Rubiaceae)

Glyceria fluitans (L.) R. Br. (Gramincae). Occasional plants in swampy clearings.

Hedera helix L. (Araliaceac). Forming mats or colonies on floor and on trunks of several tree species—Coprosma robusta Raoul. Cordyline australis (Forst. f.) Hook. f., Elaeocarpus hookerianus Raoul, Pittosporum eugenioides A. Cunn., P. tenuifolium Banks ct Sol. ex Gaertn., Podocarpus dacrydioides A. Rich., P. totaia D. Don, and Quercus robur L.

Heracleum sphondylium L. (Umbelhferae). Occasional in grass in clearings in damp aspects.

Holcus lanatus L. (Gramineae)

Hordeum murinum L. (Gramineae).

Hypericum androsaemum L. (Hypericaceac). Host to the rust Melampsora hypericorum (DC) Winter.

Hypochaeris radicata L. (Compositae)

Ilex aquifolium L. (Aquifoliaceae). Occasional seedlings and small shrubs.

Iris foetidissima L. (Iridaceae). Extensive colonies on floor and in clearings. occasional in grass. Blue and yellow-flowered forms occur, the latter the more abundant.

Lamium album L. (Labiatae). Colonies in grassy places and occasional in clearings.

L. amplexicaule L. (Labiatae)

L. purpureum L. (Labiatae)

Lapsana communis L. (Compositae)

Lavatera cretica L. (Malvaceae)

Leontodon leysseri (Wallr.) Beck. (Compositae)

Leucojum aestivum L. (Amaryllidaceae)

Ligustrum vulgare L. (Oleaceae). Occasional seedlings and older plants, and one colony of mature shrubs on margin.

Lolium multiflorum Lam. (Gramineae)

L. perenne L. (Gramineae)

Lonicera japonica Thunb. (Caprifoliaceae). Scattered vines through forest, with several extensive clearings completely obliterated by the species, which appears to be competing successfully with Muehlenbeckia australis (A. Cunn.) Meissn., Parsonsia sp., and Tetrapathaea tetrandra (Banks et Sol. ex DC) Checscm. Occasional shoots show leaves in whorls of threes.

Lunaria sp. (Cruciferae)

Malva sp. (Malvaceae)

Medicago lupulina L. (Papilionaceae)

Myosotis sylvatica Ehrh. (Boraginaceae). Colonies in grass about margins, along tracks, on floor and in clearings, associated with Duchesnea indica and Lamium album.

Narcissus x biflorus Curt. (Amaryllidaceae)

N. incomparabilis Mill. (Amaryllidaceae)

N. poeticus agg. (Amaryllidaceae)

N. pseudo-narcissus L. (Amaryllidaceae)

Oxalis corniculata L. (Oxalidaceae). Not recorded in earlier lists of indigenous species, this species, which is almost certainly in part indigenous, in part adventive, is perhaps best regarded as adventive in this occurrence.

O. latifolia H. B. K. (Oxalidaceae)

Pastinaca satwa L. (Umbelliferae).

Phleum pratense L. (Gramineae)

Pctasites sp. (Compositae)

Poa annua L. (Gramineae)

^†P. infirma H. B. K. (Gramineae)

P. pratensis L. (Gramineae)

P. trivialis L. (Gramineae)

Polygonum aviculare L. (Polygonaceae)

Prunella vulgaris L. (Labiatae)

Prunus avium L. (Rosaceae). Occasional trees, and with some dense thickets of regeneration growth from old cut stumps.

P. cerasifera Ehrh. (Rosaceae). Scattered shrubs in clearings and marginal.

P. lauro-cerasus L. (Rosaceae). Seedlings scattered through forest.

Ranunculus ficaria L. (Ranunculaceae)

R. repens L. (Ranunculaceae)

Quercus robur L. (Fagaceae). Seedlings scattered through forest, more common near margin planted to this species.

Ribes glutinosum Benth. (Grossulariaceac). Occasional: one small plant noted as epiphytic in crotch of twisted trunk of Podocarpus dacrydioides.

R. uva-crispa L. (Grossulariaceae). Seedlings and immature shrubs noted.

Rosa rubiginosa L. (Rosaceae). Occasional seedlings.

Rubus fruticosus agg. (Rosaceae). Colonies established in clearings.

R. idaeus L. (Rosaceae)

R. laciniatus Willd. (Rosaceae). Growing with other entities of the Rubus complex.

R. phoenicolasius Maxim. (Rosaceae). Occasional seedlings and older plants present.

Rumex conglomeratus Murr. (Polygonaceae)

R. crispus L. (Polygonaceae)

R. obtusifolius L. (Polygonaceae)

Sagina apetala L. (Caryophyllaceae)

S. procumbens L. (Caryophyllaceae)

Salix cinerea L. (Salicaceae). Several shrubs in damp situations.

Sambucus nigra L. (Caprifoliaceae). Occasional. A small plant noted as epiphytic in crutch of tree of Podocarpus dacrydioides.

Sarothamnus scoparius (L.) Wimmer (Papilionaceae). Seedlings only noted.

Scilla non-scripta (L.) Hoffmg. et Link (Liliaceae)

Senecio vulgaris L. (Compositae).

Silene gallica L. (Caryophyllaceae)

Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. (Cruciferae)

S. orientale L. (Cruciferae)

Solanum dulcamara L. (Solanaceae). Abundantly established in grassy places and about forest margins, scrambling over shrubs. The dead stems are a prominent winter feature, and the bright red berries pendant from the scandent stems are abundant and noteworthy in autumn. The normal purple and whitish-flowered forms occur.

In view of the frequent use of Riccarton Bush as a recreation area by children, the poisonous nature of this plant must be stressed—all parts of the plant are poisonous, and Forsyth (1954—56) notes: “Children may be attracted to the berries, and cases of poisoning by them are known.”^‡

S. nigrum L. (Solanaceae). Recorded in earlier lists of indigenous species, but included here as perhaps in part adventive.

S. tuberosum L. (Solanaceae)