Go to National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Mātauranga o Aotearoa
Volume 86, 1959
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Description

Leiolopisma zelandica (Gray, 1843)

Habitat lacertiform; snout short, profile moderately obtuse, anterior ⅔ head contour is wedge-shaped, posterior ⅓ parallel-sided, passing evenly to moderately elongate body; limbs well-developed. Undamaged tail length 1.0 to 1.2 the distance between snout and vent. Distance between tip of snout and fore-limb 1.2 to 2.0 (2.0 +) in the distance between the axilla and groin.

Rostral moderately large (Text-fig. 1); dorsolateral margins excavate and with posteroventral wings below on each side, the area visible from above being slightly more than ½ of the area of the frontonasal; twice as broad as long; short convex median junction with the frontonasal about equal to ⅙ the width of the frontal; long, concave sutures with the nasals; short vertical sutures with the 1st upper labials. Nasals moderate, narrowly separated by rostral-frontonasal suture; irregularly pentagonal; horizontal suture with upper edge of 1st upper labial and forward edge of anterior loreal. Nostril pierces centre of nasal. No supranasals or postnasals. Anterior loreal rhombic, posterior border against posterior loreal; ventral against 2nd upper labial and dorsal narrowly contacts frontonasal and still less the prefontal. Frontonasal large, diamond-shape, about equal in area to frontal from which it is excluded by the median junction of the prefrontals; narrowly in contact with

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Picture icon

Text-fig. 1.—The head plates of Leiolopisma zelandica. (1) Lateral view head plates. (2) Dorsal view head plates. (3) Ventral view chin shields. Key: AL, anterior loreal; C, chinshields; F, frontal; FN, frontonasals; FP, frontoparietals; GU, gulars; IP, interparietal; LL, lower labial; M, mental; N, nasal; NU, nuchals; P, parietal; PF, prefrontal; PG, postgenials; PL, posterior loreal; PLA, post labials; PM, post mental; PO, preocular; POC, postocular; PS, presuboculars; PT, primary temporal; R, rostral; SC, superciliaries; SO, supraoculars; ST, secondary temporals; TT, tertiary temporals; UC, upper ciliaries; UL, upper labials.

nasals and prefrontals. Prefrontals large, each equal to ⅗ the area of the frontal; irregularly elongate ovoid; convex sutures with frontal and 1st supraocular; shorter sutures with anterior loreal and preocular. Frontal large, kite-shaped, length equal to its greatest width; wider than supraocular region; longest sides against 1st and 2nd supraoculars, short convex sutures with frontoparietals. Frontoparietals paired, right longer than left; longest sutures with each other then next in length with interparietal; shallowly concave sutures with the 2nd, 3rd and 4th supraoculars; concave sutures with parietals. Interparietal kite-shaped; smaller than frontal; enclosed between frontoparietals and parietals; pineal area apparent just behind midpoint of shield. Parietals largest head shields, as long as frontoparietals and interparietals together; irregular oblongs, long axes of each shield diverge from each other at about 80°, more than twice the length of the short axis; parietals meet in a short suture sloping back towards the left; other sutures, long and straight with uppermost secondary temporal, less long with the interparietal, still less with the frontoparietal and first nuchal and considerably shorter with the 4th supraocular, 1st and 2nd postoculars; the right parietal shield also narrowly meets the first nuchal on the left side. One to five, usually three pairs of nuchals, rarely more, often extra unpaired nuchal, each twice width of the dorsal scales, with which they often gradually merge.

Six to nine, usually seven upper labials; 1st small, square, in contact with nasal dorsally; 2nd, 3rd and 4th similarly shaped, slightly larger and higher; 2nd in contact with both loreals, 3rd with posterior loreal and presuboculars; 5th larger

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than preceding four, immediately below centre of eye, 6th and 7th taller than 5th. Two large postlabials are separated from ear opening by 2 small projecting lobules. Three postoculars. Primary temporal, roughly hexagonal bordering the second upper postocular, lower postocular, upper and lower secondary temporal, 6th and 7th upper labials. Upper secondary temporal twice the size of the primary temporal, larger than the lower secondary temporal. The two tertiary temporals are a little larger than the following body scales. Body scales begin behind the nuchals, tertiary temporals and posterior postlabials.

The paired loreals are moderate, subequal in size, irregularly quadrilateral; the anterior lying between the nasal, frontonasal, prefrontal, posterior loreal and 2nd upper labial; the posterior loreal bordered by the prefrontal, preocular, 1st presubocular and 2nd and 3rd upper labials. Single preocular, 3 presuboculars, 1st largest, 3rd smallest. Eye completely surrounded by elongate rectangular granules, forming above a row of 5 or 6 supraciliaries, with a similar number below. Lower eyelid, with an undivided, transparent palpebral disc about as large as the ear opening surrounded by small oblong granules. The eye is bounded above by a row of 7 or 8 superciliaries; below by 3 presuboculars, 5th and 6th upper labials, 1st upper postocular and lower postocular. The superciliaries are bordered anteriorly by the preocular; above by 1st to 4th supraoculars; posteriorly by the 1st upper postocular. Four well developed supraoculars, 2nd largest; then 1st, 3rd and 4th in turn.

Mental shield larger than rostral, postmental 1½ times the size of mental; followed by 3 pairs of chinshields; the first pair are in contact, the second pair separated by a single scale row, the third by 3 scale rows. Six lower labials, the 3rd, 4th and 5th being the largest.

Ear opening round or oval, about as large as palpebral disc, with 3 auricular lobules projecting feebly from its anterior border. Scales 28 to 32 at midbody, feebly striate, dorsals largest. Preanals, inner two largest. Limbs well developed, hind-limbs longer than fore-limbs; adpressed limbs meet, just fail to meet or overlap; fore-limb reaching rear corner eye opening or below centre of eye; pentadactyle; digits slender, subcylindrical, subdigital lamellae smooth, 20 to 25 under 4th toe hind-limb. Palms and soles granular.

Ground colour yellowish-brown, varying from a pale-straw colour to a strongly melanistic brown; dorsal scales have 4 or more black lines on their surface giving a striate appearance. Median longitudinal stripe, 2 half scale rows wide, partially or well-developed, commencing at nuchals and passing back over the first third of tail, frequently bordered by a narrow straw-coloured stripe; passing to a wide dorsal band, 2½ scale rows wide, yellow-brown with a well-defined lateral border. A fine dorsolateral light line 2 half scale rows wide, commencing above the anterior border of the eye and carrying backwards along either side of the tail, with a well defined lateral border (formed by a very dark brown lateral band).

A prominent broad lateral band 1 and 2 half to 2 and 2 half-scale rows wide, dark brown in colour, originating at the tip of the snout, passing through the eye and terminating towards the end of the tail, regularly notched above and below by lighter coloured scales extending into it, broken into irregular blotches or flecked with black and white spots; below this a very light yellow-brown stripe, one half to 1 scale row wide passes from beneath the anterior border of the eye through ear, above limb insertions, to the tail, irregularly defined below by sparsely pigmented scales which merge gradually with the even greenish-yellow ventral colouration, which also extends over the ventral surface of the limbs.

Any or all of the longitudinal stripes may become indistinct over the posterior third of the tail. Regenerated tail often dark orange-brown colour distinct from any other body colour. The fore and hind-limbs show the typical yellow-brown colour of the broad dorsal bands; frequently a narrow light-straw coloured stripe passes from the limb origin along the anterior face of the limb to the manus or pes, sometimes showing as a series of irregular blotches.