Studies on Australian and New Zealand Diatoms
IV.—Descriptions of Further Sedentary Species

By E. J. Ferguson Wood, Division of Fisheries and Oceanography, C.S.I.R.O., Cronulla, Australia

Distribution. Australia: Port Hacking. New Zealand: Lyall Bay (Petit, 1877).

5. Fragilaria virescens Ralfs (Pl. 50, Fig. 5)

• Ralfs 1843, 12, 110.

• Boyer 1927, 184.

• A. S. 1913, 297, 3–33.

Frustules rectangular, elongate, in ribbon-like chains, valves linear or linear-elliptic, attenuate at apices, obtuse, transversely striate, punctate, pseudoraphe indistinct. Length, 20–70μ.

Distribution. Fresh water. New Zealand: Wellington.

Genus Tabellaria Ehr. 1840

Frustules in filaments or zig-zag chains, sometimes solitary; rectangular in girdle view, septate; valves linear to oblong, inflated at ends and in the middle or panduriform pseudoraphe narrow; striae transverse, punctate; chromatophores numerous, round.

6. Tabellaria flocculosa (Roth) Kütz. (Pl. 50, Figs. 6 a, b)

• Kütz. 1884, 127.

• Boyer 1927, 152. A.S. 1911, 269, 14–19, 22, 23, 27–30.

Conferva flocculosa Roth 1797, 192.

Frustules quadrangular with from 4–8 septa, somewhat incurved at each end, alternating with those at opposite end; valves linear with median inflation larger than terminal; pseudoraphe broad in the middle; transverse striae finely punctate. Length, 30μ.

Distribution. Australia: Lake Dobson, Nepean River, Botany swamps. New Zealand: Wellington water supply.

Genus Rhaphoneis Ehr. 1844

Frustules linear, narrow; valves elliptical to lanceolate; striae transverse, more or less radiating, moniliform; pseudoraphe usually narrow.

7. Rhaphoneis amphiceros Ehr. (Pl. 50, Fig. 7)

• Ehr. 1844, 87.

• Boyer 1927, 190.

• A.S. 1911, 269, 44–55.

Valves broadly lanceolate to semicircular, with produced ends; striae moniliform, radiating, the granules in longitudinal lines. Length, 50–70μ.

Distribution. Australia: Heron Island, Lake Macquarie. Noumea: Bai de Citron. New Guinea: Port Moresby.

var crucifera (Kitt.) (Pl. 50, Fig. 8).

• Amphitetras crucifera Kitt. 1867, 3, 271, 285.

• R. amphiceros var. tetragona Grun in vH 116, 16.

• A. S. 294, 33, 34.

• Boyer 1927, 190.

Boyer points out that var. tetragona in Schmidt's Atlas is the same as Kitton's species, which should therefore become the name of the variety as Kitton's illustration seems clear enough.

Outline quadrate; pseudoraphe double, cruciform. Length, 40μ.

Distribution. Australia: Heron Island. Noumea. Bai de Citron.

8. Rhaphoneis cocconeiformis (A.S.) Hanna & Grant (Pl. 50, Fig. 9)

• Hanna & Grant 1926, 165, 20, 9.

• Coscinodiscus cocconeiformis. A. S. 1876, 58, 25, 26, 28.

Valve circular, much resembling. Coscinodiscus nitidus; pseudoraphe narrow, indistinct; surface punctate, puncta arranged radially to ends of pseudoraphe. Diameter 40μ. The bilateral symmetry of this species precludes its inclusion in the genus Coscinodiscus.

Distribution. Australia: Bate Bay in sand at 200 m.

9. Rhaphoneis surirella (Ehr.) Grun. (Pl. 50, Fig. 10)

• Grun. in vH. 1880, 36, 26, 27a.

• Zygoceros surirella Ehr. 1840, 4, 12.

var. australis Petit 1877.

• R. fasciola var. australis Petit 1877.

• Dimerogramma australe Boyer 1928.

Valves elliptical, ends acute; pseudoraphe broad, slightly constricted in the middle; striae radiate at ends, coarsely punctate. Length, 50μ.

Distribution. Australia: Port Hacking. New Zealand: Otago, Lyall B. (Petit, 1877).

Genus Cymatosira Grun. 1862

Frustules tumid in the middle in girdle view, arranged in ribbons; valves fusiform; pseudoraphe absent.

10. Cymatosira lorenziana Grun. (Pl. 50, Fig. 11)

• Grun. 1862, 378.

• Boyer 1927, 192.

Valves fusiform, ends produced; puncta in transverse and diagonal rows. Length, 25μ.

Distribution. Australia: Heron Island. Indonesia.

Genus Trachysphenia Petit, 1877

Frustules rectangular; valves cuneiform or elliptic-lanceolate, with rounded ends; striae transverse, puncta in longitudinal rows; pseudoraphe narrow, linear.

11. Trachysphenia australis Petit (Pl. 50, Fig. 12, a and b)

• Petit 1877, 3, 190.

• Boyer 1927, 191.

Has characters of genus, of which it is the type species.

Distribution. Australia: Hawkesbury River. New Zealand: Dunedin, Campbell I. (type loc., P. Petit).

Genus Omphalopsis Grev. 1863c

Frustules united into a filament, lateral view cruciform, with central and terminal nodules and interrupted transverse striae.

12. Omphalopsis australis Grev. (Pl. 50, Fig. 13)

• Grev. 1863c, 37, 1, 10, 11.

• A.S. 1899, 209, 54.

Cells in chains, valves cruciform, sides biconcave with convex central portion and rounded apices; terminal and central areas clear, with rows of radiating puncta. Length, 40μ.

Distribution. Australia: Heron I. (Type loc. Woodlark I. Grev. 1863). Indonesia.

Genus Entopyla Ehr. 1848

Frustules free or in very short chains, arcuate in girdle view, divided by longitudinal septa with a row of septa along each border; valves linear-elliptic, sometimes constricted, dissimilar, lower being concave, hyaline at apices, upper not hyaline, convex, surface costate. costae alternating on each side of pseudoraphe; chromatophores numerous.

13 Entopyla australis Ehr. (Pl. 50, Fig. 14)

• Ehr. 1846, 6.

• A. S. 1902, 230, 1–16.

• Boyer 1927, 162.

Frustules free or in very short chains, valves linear to linear-elliptic or constricted, with rounded or cuneate ends, costae with fine puncta between them; foramina correspond to intercostal spaces, close to border, appearing as large cells in girdle view; in concave lower valve apices are hyaline, in upper valve costae radiate at apices; lower valve also depressed along longitudinal axis. Length, 200μ.

Distribution. Australia: Cairns Harbour. New Zealand: Dunedin.

Genus Asterionella Hassall, 1850

14. Asterionella bleakleyi W. Sm. (Pl. 50, Fig. 15)

• W. Sm., 1956, 2, 82.

• Boyer, 1927, 213.

A large species found in stellate formation; cells attached to each other by the larger ends; frustules with one swollen pole and a slight constriction just above the spatulate end;

the other pole slightly inflated in valve—and straight in girdle view; chromatophores about 12, not at ends of cell. Resembles A. kariana but is larger and chromatophores are more numerous. Length, 115–120μ.

Distribution. Australia: Heron Island. New Zealand. Cook Strait. Fiji.

15. Asterionella formosa Haas (Pl. 50, Fig. 16)

• Haas in W. Sm. 1856, 81

• A. S. 1911, 269, 20–21, 36–37.

Cells arranged in a spiral, attached to each other by the sides of their swollen bases; frustules also enlarged apically in valve view, at times slightly inflated near middle of valve; apex truncate. Length, 60μ.

Distribution. Fresh water. New Zealand: Wellington (Wainui-o-mata).

16. Asterionella notata Grun (Pl. 50, Fig. 17)

• Grun. in vH. 1885.

• Gran. 1905, 119.

• Ostenfeld 1915, 9, 2.

Cells in chains, usually in a shallow spiral with chain axis through spatulate ends of each cell; frustules arranged almost at random about chain axis; frustules swollen at one pole, otherwise almost straight, tapering slightly; chromatophores numerous throughout cell. Length, 35–50μ.

Distribution. Australia: Heron Island, Tasman Sea, east of Port Hacking.

Genus Plagiogramma Grev. 1859

17. Plagiogramma atomus Grev. (Pl. 50, Fig. 18)

• Greville 1863c, 36, 1–9.

• A. S. 1892, 211, 24, 25.

Frustule nearly rectangular in girdle view; in valve view constricted in the middle with rostrate ends, puncta fine. Length, 30–40μ.

Distribution. Australia: Heron Island. (Type loc. Woodlark I.)

18. Plagiogramma constrictum Grev. (Pl. 50, Fig. 19)

• Grev. 1863c, 36, 1, 8.

• A. S. 1893, 210, 28–30.

Frustules quadrangular, with central and apical hyaline spaces abruptly raised; valves lanceolate with sinuate margins, pseudoraphe evident. Length, 60μ.

Distribution. Australia: Sahul Bank. (Timor Sea). New Zealand: Oamaru (Gr. & St. 1887, 73).

19. Plagiogramma interruptum (Greg.) Ralfs (Pl. 50, Fig. 20)

• Ralfs in Pritch, 1861, 774.

• A. S. 1899, 209, 38.

• Denticella interrupta Greg. 1857, 494, 10, 30.

Frustule in girdle view nearly rectangular, middle part slightly convex, ends expanded; in valve view lanceolate with very fine sculpture and a large round punctum in the middle of the central hyaline area. Length, 25μ.

Distribution. Fresh water. Australia: Lake Conjola.

20. Plagiogramma labuense Cl. (Pl. 50, Fig. 21)

• Cl. 1883, 498.

• A. S. 1893, 211, 9.

Valves constricted in the middle, rostrate at ends; central nodule large, circular, reaching margin; costae transverse, punctate, puncta in longitudinal rows; pseudoraphe linear, distinct. Length, 40μ.

Distribution. Australia: Lake Macquarie.

21. Plagiogramma rutilarioides Cl. (Pl. 50, Fig. 22)

• Cl. 1881, 18, 5.

• A. S., 1893, 209, 2.

Frustules in valve view fusiform, with rounded ends; hyaline median space extending to margin, pseudoraphe variable; striae transverse, punctate, puncta in longitudinal rows. Length, 40–60μ.

Distribution. Australia: Port Hacking. (Identified by N. I. Hendey.)

22. Plagiogramma schmidtii (sp. nov.) (Pl. 50, Fig. 23)

A. S. 1893, 209, 9.

Valvae bicuneatae, cum striae transversis et longitudinalibus.

Valves bicuneate, widest in the middle, ends rounded; central and terminal hyaline spaces marked, striae marked, forming squares. This species is shown as Plagiogramma sp.from the Aegean by Schmidt, and has apparently not been named. Length, 30–50μ.

Distribution. Australia: Heron I.

23. Plagiogramma wallichianum Grev. (Pl. 50, Fig. 24)

• Grev. 1865, 13, 1.

• Boyer 1927, 179.

Valves linear with rounded ends, pseudoraphe absent; central space rectangular, terminal spaces large; striae at right angles, evident also in central and terminal spaces. Length, 30μ.

Distribution. Australia: Heron I.

Genus Synedra Ehr. 1830.

24. Synedra acus Kütz. (Pl. 50, Fig. 25)

• Kutz. 1844, 68.

• A. S. 1914, 303, 7.

• Boyer 1916, 18, 11, 9; 1927, 201.

Frustules elongate, slender, valves lanceolate, acicular, ends elongate, sub-capitate or obtuse; striae transverse, central space usually evident. Length, 120μ.

Distribution. Australia: Botany swamps.

25. Synedra hennedyana Greg. (Pl. 50, Fig. 26 a, b)

• Greg. 1857, 21, 532.

• Boyer 1927, 211.

Frustules elongate, slender; valves elongate, swollen in the middle, apices subcapitate; pseudoraphe indistinct, striae transverse, irregular in the middle. Length, to 1 mm.

Distribution. Australia: Port Hacking, Lake Macquarie as an epiphyte and in fish stomachs.

26. Synedra goulardii (Breb.) Grun. (Pl. 50, Fig. 27)

• Grun. 1880 in Cl. & Grun. 107, 6, 119. Breb in litt.

• A. S. 1913, 300, 10–18.

Valves strongly constricted, ends acute to capitate, striae strongly punctate, transverse, somewhat radial at ends; large quadrate central area. Length, 60–80. Width, 10μ.

Distribution. Fresh water. New Zealand: Wellington (Wainui-o-mata).

27. Synedra tabulata (Ag.) Kutz. (Pl. 50, Fig. 28)

• Kütz., 1844, 68.

• Diatoma tabulatum Ag. 1832, 50.

• S. affinis Kg. 1844, 68. A.S. 1914; 304, 10–48.

Valves lanceolate, narrow; tapering to the obtuse, somewhat capitate ends; pseudoraphe broad, lanceolate; striae marginal. Length, up to 130μ.

Distribution. Australia: South coast estuaries of New South Wales. New Zealand: Lake Ellesmere.

Genus Grammatophora Ehr. 1839

28. Grammatophora angulosa Ehr. (Pl. 50, Fig. 29)

• Ehr. 1840, 73.

• Cupp. 1943, 174, 124.

Frustules with irregularly bent, undulate septa, inner ends of which are hooked away from valve; valve surface punctate-striate, puncta extending on valve mantles at poles; pseudoraphe narrow Length, 15–30μ.

Distribution. Australia: Bate Bay, at 200 m. New Zealand: Wellington Harbour.

Genus Terpsinoe Ehr. 1843

29. Terpsinoe americana (Bailey) Ralfs (Pl. 50, Fig. 30)

• Ralfs in Pritch. 1861, 859.

• Boyer 1927, 145.

• Tetragramma americana Bail. 1853, 7.

Sub-Order Raphidioidineae
Family Eunotiaceae

Sub-Order Monoraphidineae
Family Achnanthaceae

transverse striae; lower valve with narrow axial area and a stauros reaching margin; striae coarse. Length, 25μ.

Distribution. New Zealand: Lake Ellesmere.

42. Achnanthes inflata (Kütz) Grun. (Pl. 51, Fig. 44 a, b, c)

• Grun. 1868, 98.

• Hust. 1933–37, 421, 873.

• Stauroneis inflata Kutz. 1844, 105, 30, 22.

Valves swollen in the middle, with capitate ends; lower valve with broad, somewhat asymmetric stauros and punctate striae arranged transversely, raphe slightly excentric, axial area narrow, linear; upper valve with transverse, punctate striae and excentric pseudoraphe.

Distribution. New Zealand: Lake Ellesmere.

43. Achnanthes lanceolata (Breb.) Grun. (Pl. 51, Fig. 45)

• Grun. in Cl. & Grun, 1880, 23.

• A. S. 1927, 411, 20–44.

• Hust. 1933, 408, 863.

Frustules chevron-shaped in girdle view; valves elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, ends broad, upper valve with narrow pseudoraphe and horse-shoe shaped hyaline space on one side extending to margin; lower valve with central raphe and dilated central area; striae thick, radiate. Length, 60μ.

Distribution. New Zealand: Lake Ellesmere.

44. Achnanthes laterostriata (Hust.) (Pl. 51, Fig. 46)

Hust. 1933, 392, 840.

Valves with middle part broadly elliptic with broadly rostrate to slightly capitate blunt ends; pseudoraphe narrowly lanceolate, without central area, striae punctate; lower valve with straight raphe, narrow axial area and no central area, striae marked, radial with several short, marginal striae near centre of valve. Length, 20μ.

Distribution. Australia: Botany swamps.

45. Achnanthes pulchella Heiden and Kolbe. (Pl. 51, Fig. 47 a, b)

Heiden & Kolbe 1928, 579, 5, 104, 104a.

Frustule chevron-shaped in girdle view; valves slightly constricted in the middle, then bluntly hastate with slightly concave margins and sharply rounded apices, upper valve with linear axial area, and transverse rows of coarse rectangular puncta; lower valve with straight raphe, narrow; axial area, stauros reaching margins and transverse striae, rather finely punctate. Length, 35μ.

Distribution. Australia: Heron Island.

46. Achnanthes taeniata Grun. (Pl. 51, Fig. 48)

• Grun. in Cl. & Grun. 1880, 20.

• Hust. 1933, 382, 828.

Cells in long, more or less fragilaria-like chains; valves linear with slightly convex sides and broadly rounded ends; thin walled, marked transapical striae on both valves, pseudoraphe narrow; raphe straight, axial area very narrow, chromatophore H-shaped. Length, 10–40μ.

Distribution. Australia: off Maria Island in winter. Ross Sea.

47. Achnanthes sp. (Pl. 51, Fig. 49)

Frustule in valve view elliptic-lanceolate, with rostrate ends; upper valve with slightly excentric pseudoraphe and central area; striae radial, coarsely punctate, median striae shorter than the rest.

Distribution. Australia: Bate Bay, at 200 m.

Genus Campyloneis Grun. 1862

Valves elliptical, dissimilar; upper valve with radiate rows of coarse puncta and pseudoraphe, lower valve with central nodule, raphe; and radiate, punctate striae; interior stratum of reticuli between the valves.

48. Campyloneis grevillei (W. Sm.) Grun. (Pl. 51, Fig. 50)

• Grun. 1868, 1, 10.

• Hust. 1933, 321.

• Cocconeis grevillei W. Sm. 1853, 22.

Valves elliptical to circular; upper valve with narrow median line and rows of puncta or quadrate alveoli; lower valve with radiate; punctate striae; axial area narrow; raphe not reaching ends; between valves is coarse axial rib from which radiate strong costae, forming a variable network. Length, to 60μ.

Distribution. Australia: Cairns, Bate Bay, at 200 m. New Zealand: Lyall B. (Petit, 1877).

Genus Cocconeis Ehr. 1838 em. Grun. 1868.

49. Cocconeis apiculata A. S. (Pl. 51, Fig. 51)

• A. S. 1894, 198.

• Boyer 1927, 251.

Cells elliptical with apiculate ends, upper valve with narrow axial area, striae punctate, radiate. Length, 60–70μ.

Distribution. Australia: Lake Macquarie, in fish stomachs.

50. Cocconeis debesi Hust. (Pl. 51, Fig. 52 a, b)

Valves elliptic-lanceolate, ends rounded; upper valve with radial, to transverse interrupted striae, and longitudinal hyaline lines, pseudoraphe, linear, narrow; lower valve with short, radial striae at margin, and scattered puncta between margin and narrow axial area. Length, 35μ.

Distribution. Australia: Heron Island.

51. Cocconeis distans A. S. (Pl. 51, Fig. 53)

• A. S. 1875, 3, 22, 1894, 193, 29.

• Cl. 1895, 27, 172.

• Boyer 1927, 246.

• Hust. 1933, 343, 797.

Valves elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate; upper valve with lanceolate axial area; striae with 3–4 puncta in longitudinal, distant rows; lower valve regularly punctate in radiate, transapical rows, with a narrow hyaline area at margin; raphe straight, axial area and central nodule very narrow. Length, 30–50μ.

Distribution. Australia: Lake Macquarie, in fish stomachs.

52. Cocconeis maxima (Grun.) Perag. (Pl. 51, Fig. 54)

• Perag. 1897, 18, 3, 1–4.

• Hust. 1933, 335, 789.

• Mastogloia maxima Grun. 1863, 156, 4, 1.

• C. lorenziana A. S. 1894, 191, 28–34.

Cells elliptical; upper valve with irregular central area, strongly marked marginal striae interrupted by a hyaline zone parallel to margin; internal striae punctate, and interrupted by a second hyaline zone; lower valve finely punctate, with straight raphe. Length, 40μ.

Distribution. Australia: Heron I.

53. Cocconeis pellucida Hantzsch (Pl. 51, Fig. 55)

• Hantzsch in Rab. 1863, 21.

• Boyer 1927, 247. A.S. 1894, 194, 2, 195, 1–9.

• Hust. 1933, 357, 812.

Valves elliptical, upper with median area straight, linear-lanceolate with 4–6 longitudinal blank lines crossing striae which are very fine; lower valve with straight raphe and small, opposed terminal nodules; longitudinal rows more numerous than in upper valve. Length, 50–70μ.

Distribution. Australia: Sussex Inlet.

54. Cocconeis placentula Ehr. (Pl. 51, Fig. 56)

• Ehr. 1838, 194.

• Boyer 1927, 244.

• Hust. 1933, 347, 802.

Valves elliptical; lower valve with clearly punctate, radial striae and narrow, linear pseudoraphe; upper valve with nariow raphe and lateral areas; striae radial, fine, punctate; loculi rudimentary. Length, 20–60μ.

Distribution. New Zealand: Wellington water supply, L. Ellesmere, New Zealand (Ehr. 1869). Australia (Østrup, 1910).

Sub-Order Biraphidineae
Family Naviculaceae

69. Navicula weissflogii (Grun.) Cl. (Pl. 52, Fig. 72)

• Cl. 1894, 152.

• Boyer 1927, 375.

Brebissonia weissflogii Grun. in Cl. 1878, 7, 1–9.

Valves rhomboid with obtuse ends; raphe with distinct median and terminal pores; axial area indistinct, central area elongate; striae transverse in middle, radiate at ends, punctate, puncta forming undulating longitudinal rows. Length, 60–80μ.

Distribution. Australia: Botany Bay.

70. Navicula semen (Ehr.) Donk. (Pl. 52, Fig. 73)

• Donk. 1871, 21.

• Boyer 1927, 373.

• A. S. 1886, 72, 1; 1913, 299, 18–20

• Pinnularia semen Ehr. 1843. A.

Valves oblong-elliptic with broad, sub-rostrate ends; axial area well defined, somewhat irregular, dilated in middle; raphe oblique, sinuous; striae radiate, distant in the middle, closer at ends and slightly convergent; puncta indistinct. Length, 50–100μ.

Distribution. Australia: Lake Macquarie, in fish stomachs.

71. Navicula sulcifera Hust. (Pl. 52, Fig. 74)

• Hust. 1955, 24, 8, 1.

Valves elliptic, with sub-acute ends; axial area narrow, linear, slightly dilated centrally; central area large, dilated towards lateral areas which are narrow, lanceolate, and separated from axial areas by a band of punctate striae, with a strong linear furrow in each half; striae transverse, punctate. Length, 50–70μ.

Distribution. Australia: Port Hacking, Bate Bay at 200 m. (Identified by N. I. Hendey).

72. Navicula torneensis Cl. (Pl. 52, Fig. 75)

• Cl. 1891, 33, 2, 6

• Cl.-Eul. 1953b, 120, 101a.

Valves small, rhombic-elliptic with bluntly rounded ends; axial area narrow, slightly lanceolate, central area circular; striae radial, strongly punctate. Length, 20–25μ.

Distribution. Australia: Port Hacking.

73. Navicula virihensis Cl.-Eul. (Pl. 52, Fig. 76)

• Cl.-Eul. 1953b, 141, 790a.

Valves linear-lanceolate with rounded, rostrate to sub-capitate ends; central and axial areas asymmetric; striae radial, distant near central area, parallel and closer together towards ends. Length, 30μ.

Distribution. Fresh water. New Zealand: Wellington.

74. Navicula vulpina Kütz. (Pl. 52, Fig. 77)

• Kutz. 1844, 92.

• Boyer 1927, 388.

• A. S. 1934, 395, 7–9.

Valves lanceolate with obtuse ends; axial area narrow; central area large, circular; striae coarse, linear, radiate, convergent at ends. Length, 70μ.

Distribution. Fresh water. Australia: Lake Dobson, Georges Basin.

75. Navicula digitoradiata (Greg.) Ralfs (Pl. 52, Fig. 78)

• Ralfs 1861, 904.

• Cl. -Eul. 1953b, 160, 822.

• Pinnularia digitoradiata Greg. 1859, 9, 1, 32.

Valves sub-linear to elliptic-lanceolate with rounded ends; axial area linear, narrow; central area irregular; striae coarse, radial in centre, transverse and convergent at ends. Length, 35–45μ.

Distribution. Australia: Port Hacking.

76. Navicula lyra var. (Pl. 52, Fig. 79)

A large form with rhomboid valves, a narrow axial area and narrowly lyrate extensions of the central area, reaching the margins near the rounded ends; striae fine, transverse, punctate. Length, 100–120μ.

Distribution. Australia: Lake Macquarie. Rare.

Genus Diploneis Ehr. 1840

77. Diploneis advena (A. S.) Cl. (Pl. 52, Fig. 80)

• Cl. 1894, 81.

• Navicula advena A. S. 1875, 8, 29, 12, 41.

Valves linear-elliptic with parallel to slightly concave sides, and blunt, semicircular ends; central area small, quadrate, horns narrow, parallel; longitudinal canal linear, slightly convergent at poles; transapical ribs radial, transverse in the middle; loculi unpaired, with a small pore near valve margin. Length, 50μ.

Distribution. Australia: Bate Bay at 200 m.

78. Diploneis campylodiscus (Grun.) Cl. (Pl. 52, Fig. 81)

• Cleve 1894, 99.

• Hust. 1933–37, 600, 1017.

• Navicula campylodiscus Grun. in A. S. 1875, 8, 9, 10, 12.

Valves broadly elliptic; central area moderately large, quadrate; horns separated therefrom, slightly divergent at base; longitudinal canal broad, semi-lanceolate; transapical striae strongly radial, loculi unpaired. Length, 40–55μ.

Distribution. Australia: Bate Bay at 200 m.

79. Diploneis finnica (Ehr.) Cl. (Pl. 52, Fig. 82)

• Cl. 1891, 43, 2, 11.

• Hust. 1933–37, 669, 1064.

• Cocconeis finnica Ehr. 1838, 194.

Valves elliptic; central area elongated; horns strong, parallel; longitudinal canal rather broad, semilanceolate; transapical striae strong, radial, with a double row of pores between each; loculi unpaired. Length, 70–80μ.

Distribution. Australia: Bate Bay at 200 m.

80. Diploneis gemmata (Grev.) Cl.

• Cl. 1894, 98.

• Hust. 1933–37, 644, 1050.

• Navicula gemmata Grev. 1859, 249, 5, 7.

Valves linear, with parallel or slightly concave sides and broadly rounded ends; central area large, quadrate; horns strong, parallel; longitudinal canal broad, linear with a series of teeth between it and the horns, these teeth opposite the transverse striae. Loculi unpaired.

var. pristiophora (Jan.) Cl. (Pl. 52, Fig. 83)

• Cl. 1894, 99.

• Hust. 1933–37, 646, 1050c.

• Navicula pristiophora Jan. in A.S. 1881, 70. 72.

Differs from type in more constricted middle.

Distribution. Australia: Sahul Bank.

81 Diploneis interrupta (Kütz) Cl. (Pl. 52, Fig. 84)

• Cl. 1894, 84.

• Hust. 1933–37, 602, 1019.

• Navicula interrupta Kütz 1844, 100, 29, 93.

Valves linear-elliptic with deeply constricted middle and semicircular ends; central area large; horns strong, separated, parallel; longitudinal canal narrow, linear; transapical ribs, well marked, radial; loculi in the middle missing or rudimentary. Length, 30–50μ.

Distribution. Australia: Bate Bay, at 200 m.

82. Diploneis notabilis (Grev.) Cl. (Pl. 52, Fig. 85)

• Cl. 1894, 93.

• Hust. 1933–37, 682, 1074.

Valves elliptic to circular, central nodule quadrate, horns strong, parallel, longitudinal canal rather narrow, linear to lanceolate: transverse striae marked, radial, crossed by undulating longitudinal ribs rather more widely spaced than the transverse striae. Length, 50–70μ.

Distribution. Australia: Bate Bay, at 200 m.

83. Diploneis bombus Ehr.

• Ehr. 1844, 84.

• Hust. 1933–37, 704, 1086.

Valves constricted in the middle with elliptical to semicircular ends; central nodule large, rectangular; horns divergent at base, strongly convergent at apices; longitudinal canal broad, linear, transapical striae strong, radial crossed by 2 to 5 longitudinal ribs.

var. bombiformis (Cl.) Hust. (Pl. 52, Fig. 86)

• Hust. 1933, 706, 1086f.

• D. bombiformis Cl. 1894, 87, 1, 26.

Smaller than type with fewer longitudinal ribs. Length, 40–50μ.

Distribution. Australia: Bate Bay, at 200 m.

84. Diploneis beyrichiana A. S. (Pl. 52, Fig. 87)

A. S. 1881, 69, 16, 17.

Valves slightly constricted in the middle, with rather abruptly obtuse ends; central nodule quadrate; horns strong, slightly divergent at base, longitudinal canal lanceolate; striae transverse, crossed by longitudinal ridges. Length, 50–70°

Distribution. Australia. Bate Bay, at 200 m.

85 Diploneis rostrata sp. nov. (Pl. 52, Fig. 88)

Valves oblong-elliptic with rounded corners and narrowly rostrate ends, raphe fine, straight, horns with smooth interior and serrate outer margins; longitudinal canal narrow; valve surface with widely spaced striae, not so evident in inner portion of valve. Length, 30–40μ.

Distribution. Australia Bate Bay, at 200 m.

86. Diploneis suborbicularis (Greg.) Cl. (Pl. 52, Fig. 89)

Valves broadly elliptical; central nodule quadrate; horns divergent; longitudinal canals linear, narrow, with a row of puncta or faint continuation of the costae; costae transverse, radial at ends. Length, 40–60μ.

Distribution. Australia: Bate Bay, at 200 m.

Genus Dictyoneis Cl. 1890

Valves lanceolate or panduriform; terminal fissures usually in opposite directions; surface with outer and inner striation, outer finely punctate, inner coarsely cellular or reticulate; marginal cells usually larger than the rest, forming apparent marginal loculi, but are not detached from the valve as in Mastogloia.

87. Dictyoneis marginata (Lewis) Cl. (Pl. 52. Fig. 90)

• Cl. 1890, 16.

• Naurcula marginata Lewis 1862, 161.

Valves strongly constricted in the middle, tapering to the rounded ends; raphe straight, but curved at ends, axial area small almost linear; surface areolate with irregular arrangement; marginal areolae usually twice the size of the rest; outer surface punctate. Length, 100–120μ.

Distribution. Australia. Botany Bay, in mud; Bate Bay, in sand, at 200 m.

Genus Frustulia, A G. 1824

88. Frustulia rhomboides v. saxonica f, undulata Hust. (Pl. 52, Fig. 91)

Hust. 1930, 369.

Valves with slightly undulating rhombic form and slightly constricted ends. Length, 100μ.

Distribution. Fresh water: Australia: Lake Dobson.

Genus Pinnularia Ehr. 1843

89. Pinnularia acrosphaeria (Breb.) Rab. (Pl. 52, Fig. 92)

• Rab. 1853, 45, 6, 36.

• A. S. 1875, 43, 14–19, 21. 22.

• Cl. 1895, 27, 86.

• Boyer 1927, 441.

• Frustulia acrosphaeria Breb. 1838, 19.

Valves linear, slightly swollen in middle and at ends; axial area about half valve width; median area punctate; striae nearly parallel, radiate at ends. Length. 80μ.

Distribution. Fresh water. New Zealand: Wellington.

90. Pinnularia cardinalis Ehr. (Pl. 53, Fig. 93)

Ehr. in W. Sm. 1853, 19. 166.

Valves linear with rounded ends, axial area wide, expanded in the middle; costae radiate. Length, 100–120μ.

Distribution. Fresh water. New Zealand: Wellington.

91. Pinnularia legumen Ehr. (Pl. 52, Fig. 94)

• Ehr. 1854, 2

• Boyer 1927, 435

• A. S. 1875, 44, 44–47.

Valves linear-lanceolate, with more or less triundulate margins and broad, subcapitate ends, axial area less than ¼ valve width, widened in the middle to give a circular central area; striae strongly divergent in middle, convergent at ends. Length, 65–90μ.

Distribution. Australia: Lake Dobson.

92. Pinnularia nobilis Ehr. (Pl. 53, Fig. 95)

• Ehr. 1840, 20,

• Boyer 1927, 445.

Valves slightly swollen in the middle and at ends, which are rounded; raphe complex; axial area linear slightly widened in the middle; striae slightly divergent in the middle, then parallel, slightly convergent at ends, crossed by a broad band. Length, 70–80μ.

Distribution. Australia: Port Hacking in brackish upper reaches.

93. Pinnularia notata Heiden & Kolbe (Pl. 52, Fig. 96)

Heiden & Kolbe 1928.

Valves linear-lanceolate, sides parallel then tapering to rounded apex; raphe curved at both ends and in middle, axial area narrow on one side of raphe, central area excentric, striae strongly divergent in the middle, convergent at ends. Length, 50–70μ.

Distribution. New Zealand: Lake Ellesmere.

94. Pinnularia viridis (Nitzsch) Ehr. (Pl. 52, Fig. 97)

• Ehr. 1838, 182.

• Boyer 1927, 446.

• Bacillaria viridis Nitzsch 1817, 97.

• Navicula viridis (Nitzsch) Kütz 1844, 97.

• A. S. 1875, 44, 42, 45.

Valves linear-elliptic with rounded ends; raphe complex; axial area narrow, widened in the middle, costae coarse, slightly divergent in the middle, convergent at ends, crossed by a broad band. Length, 150μ.

Distribution. Fresh water. Australia: L. Dobson. New Zealand: Lake Ellesmere. (Australia, Østrup 1910; A. S. 1875.)

var. rupestris (Hantzsch) Cl. (Pl. 53, Fig. 98)

• Cl. 1895, 2, 92.

• P. rupestris Hantz in Rab. 1864, 1023.

• Nav. rupestris A. S. 1876, 45, 38–44.

Striae finer than in type. Length, 75μ.

Distribution. Australia: Lake Macquarie, fish stomachs.

Genus Trachyneis Cl. 1894

95 Trachyneis aspera v. pulchella (W.Sm.) Cl. (Pl. 53, Fig. 99)

• Cl. 1894, 26, 191

• Boyer 1927, 428

• Stauroneis pulchella W. Sm. 1853, 61, 19, 194.

• Illustrated in A. S. 1885, 48, 12, 13.

Valves elliptic-lanceolate; axial area narrow, slightly sinuate; alveoli elongate; central area widened symmetrically.

Distribution. Fresh and brackish water. Australia: Port Hacking, Nepean River, Lake Macquarie. Noumea (Bai de Citron).

Genus Pleurosigma W. Sm. 1853

96. Pleurosigma directum Grun. (Pl. 53, Fig. 100)

• Grun. in Cl. & Grun. 1880, 53.

• Hendey 1937, 34, 348.

Cells solitary; valves flat or nearly so, rhombic-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate; raphe distinct, median, only very slightly sigmoid; central nodule small, striations faint. Length, 70μ.

Distribution. New Zealand: Hauraki Gulf.

97. Pleurosigma obscurum W. Sm. (Pl. 53, Fig. 101)

• W. Sm. 1853, 65.

• Boyer 1927, 468.

Valves linear, scarcely if at all sigmoid, with obliquely rounded, obtuse ends; raphe sigmoid, very excentric, near margin at ends; striae oblique, very fine. Length, 70–150μ.

Distribution. Australia: L. Coila.

98. Pleurosigma speciosum W. Sm. (Pl. 53, Fig. 102)

• W. Sm. 1853, 63, 197.

• Boyer 1927, 469.

Valves linear-lanceolate, obtuse, slightly sigmoid; raphe sigmoid, slightly excentric at ends; striae fine, diagonal. Length, 100μ.

Distribution. Australia: Hawkesbury River.

Genus Stauroneis Ehr. 1843

99. Stauroneis acuta W. Sm. (Pl. 53, Fig. 103)

• W. Sm. 1853, 59.

• Boyer 1927, 425.

• A. S. 1903, 241, 4.

Valves rhombic-lanceolate, obtuse with a diaphragm at each end; axial area broad; stauros broad, widened towards margin; striac fine, punctate. Length, 100μ.

Distribution. Fresh water. Australia: Lake Dobson. (Australia, Østrup 1910). New Zealand: Foveaux Strait (Petit 1877).

var. inflata (Held.) Freng. (Pl. 53, Fig. 104).

• Freng. 1926, 30.

• S. inflata Heid. in A. S. 1903, 241, 1, 8, 11.

Central portion of valve inflated.

Distribution. Tasman Sea phytoplankton.

100. Stauroneis fulmen Brightw.

• Brightw. 1859, 180, 9, 6.

• A.S. 1903, 241, 1.

Valves elongate, margin convex in the middle, and midway towards end tapering to rounded ends; stauros dilated to margin; axial area broad, striae fine, finely punctate.

Distribution. Australia: Bass Strait in plankton. (Type loc. Yarra Fossil.)

• v. capitata Heid. (Pl. 53, Fig. 105)

• Heid. in A. S. 1903, 241, 6, 7.

Ends capitate.

Distribution. Fresh water. New Zealand: Wellington. This specimen also came from Lake Dobson.

Note.—The example of Stauroneis phoenicenteron used for illustration in Part II approximates S. anceps, and a more typical illustration of S. phoenicenteron is given in Pl. 53, Fig. 106 in this paper. This variety also came from Lake Dobson.

Genus Anomoeoneis Pfitz. 1871

101. Anomoeoneis serians (Breb.) Cl. var. brachysira (Breb.) Hust.

• Hust. 1930, 262, 422.

• Navicula brachysira Breb. in Rab 39, 5, 11.

• Cymbella beverleiana A.S. 71, 56–61.

• A. brachysira Cl.-Eul. 1953b, 198.

Valves small, rhombic-lanceolate with bluntly rounded ends; axial area very narrow, slightly widened in middle: striae very fine, radial; raphe evident. Length, 25μ.

f. genuina Cl.-Eul. (Pl. 53, Fig. 107)

Distribution. Fresh water. Australia: L. Dobson.

f. thermalis Cl.-Eul. (Pl. 53, Fig. 108)

Valves elliptic with bluntly rounded, capitate ends.

Distribution. Fresh water. Australia: L. Dobson, Nepean R.

Genus Mastogloia Thwaites in W. Sm. 1856

102. Mastogloia affirmata (Leud.-Fort) Cl. (Pl. 53, Fig. 109)

• Cl. 1893, 162.

• Hust. 1933, 528, 962.

• Navicula affirmata Leud.-Fort. 1879, 24, 2, 22.

Frustules broadly elliptic-lanceolate to rhombic-lanceolate with more or less rostrate ends; raphe strongly curved; areas very narrow; valve surface with 12–14 radial, transapical ridges crossed by almost straight longitudinal ridges; loculi small, numerous, almost reaching apices. Length, 40–60μ.

Distribution. Australia: Port Hacking.

103. Mastogloia angulata Lewis (Pl. 53, Fig. 110)

• Lewis 1861, 35.

• Boyer 1927, 334.

• Hust. 1933, 465, 885.

Valves elliptical with slightly produced ends; loculi numerous, two or three larger loculi in the middle; axial area narrow, central area small, may be almost absent; striae punctate, in rows parallel to transverse axis. Length, 70–80μ.

Distribution. Brackish water. Australia: George's Basin, Lake Conjola, Lake Macquarie. New Zealand: Lake Ellesmere.

104. Mastogloia apiculata W. Sm. (Pl. 53, Fig. 111)

• W. Sm. 1856, 65.

• Hust. 1933, 7, 515, 946.

Valves elliptic-lanceolate, sometimes produced; loculi small, ending near ends of valve; raphe enclosed between two longitudinal ribs; central area very small; striae transverse to slightly radiate, punctate; puncta in longitudinal rows. Length, 40–60μ.

Distribution. Australia: L. Mallacoota, Lake Macquarie (Swan B.), mullet stomachs.

105. Mastogloia baldjikiana Grun. (Pl. 53, Fig. 112)

• Grun. in A.S. 1893, 188, 1, 2.

• Hust. 1933, 550, 981.

Valves rounded-elliptic to almost rhombic-lanceolate with rounded to sub-rostrate ends; raphe straight or excavated; axial area very narrow; central area widened transversely, forming an H with two longitudinal furrows; valve surface with transverse costae crossed by faint longitudinal ridges; loculi about 10, of even size, not reaching apices. Length, 40–50μ.

Distribution. Australia: Lake Macquarie, in fish stomachs. Lord Howe I.

106. Mastogloia binotata (Grun.) Cl. (Pl. 53, Fig. 113)

• Cl. 1895, 148.

• Hust. 1933, 470, 889.

• Orthoneis binotata Grun. 1867, 15.

Valves broadly elliptical, with evenly rounded ends; raphe straight; axial area very narrow; central area transverse, sagittate; valve surface areolate, areolae forming an even network; one loculus on each side, about ⅓ valve length, with inner margin straight. Length, 20–40μ.

Distribution. Australia: Cairns. Noumea. (Australia, de Toni and Forti 1923, 15, 135). Lord Howe I.

107. Mastogloia braunii Grun. (Pl. 53, Fig. 114)

• Grun. 1863, 156, 4, 2.

• Hust. 1933, 551, 982.

Valves lanceolate, with tapering ends; raphe curved sideways; axial area narrow; central area large, rectangular, extending into H-shaped extensions towards apices; loculi rectangular, numerous, not reaching ends; puncta in transverse rows; longitudinal ribs slightly narrower than transverse ribs. Length, 40–90μ.

Distribution. Australia: Georges Basin. New Zealand: Lake Ellesmere.

108. Mastogloia brunii nom. nov. (Pl. 53, Fig. 115)

• M. capitata (Brun) Cl. 1895, 151.

• Hust. 1933, 571, 1006.

• Stigmaphora capitata Brun. 1891, 45, 11, 13.

115. Mastogloia lineata Cl. & Cr. (Pl. 53, Fig. 122)

• Cl. & Gr. 1891, 59, 9, 11.

• Hust. 1933–37, 538, 971.

Valves lanceolate-elliptic with somewhat acute to rostrate ends; raphe slightly bent in middle and near central nodule; axial area very narrow; central area small; striae transapical, very fine, broken to form clear longitudinal lines; loculi very small and insignificant, extending almost to apices of cell. Length, 65–80μ.

Distribution. Australia: Bate Bay, at 200 m.

116. Mastogloia mediterranea Hust. 1933. (Pl. 53, Fig. 123)

Hust. 1933, 570, 1005.

Valves linear-lanceolate with acutely rounded ends; raphe straight; axial and central areas very narrow; valve surface with transverse striae interrupted on each side of the median area to form two lanceolate, punctate areas; loculi 2 on each side, near middle of valve. Length, 20–30μ.

Distribution. Australia: L. Macquarie, in fish stomachs, George's Basin.

117. Mastogloia pseudoparadoxa. Hust. (Pl. 54, Fig. 124)

Hust. 1933, 521, 710.

Frustule in valve view ovate-lanceolate with slightly constricted ends; central area broad; striae fine, longitudinal ribs parallel to raphe; loculi, 8–10 larger, about 4 smaller ones on each margin. Length, 75μ.

Distribution. Australia: Cairns. Previously recorded from Borneo and Sumatra.

118. Mastogloia pulchella. Cl. (Pl 54, Fig. 125.)

• Cl. 1895, 153, 2, 27–29.

• Hust 1933, 535, 968.

Valves broadly to rhombic-lanceolate with slightly constricted ends; raphe with a lateral curve; axial area narrow; central area ovate; loculi small, numerous, not reaching ends; transapical ribs radiate; longitudinal lines irregular; more numerous towards margin. Length, 50–100μ.

Distribution. Australia. George's Basin and other South Coast estuaries.

119. Mastogloia pumila. (Grun.). Cl. (Pl. 53, Fig. 126)

• Cl. 1895, 157.

• Hust. 1933, 553, 983.

• M. braunii var. pumila Grun. in v. H. 1880, 4, 23.

Valves linear-lanceolate with tapering, rounded ends; raphe straight; axial area narrow; central area rectangular, extended apically to form an H-shaped area, strong radial ribs on transverse axis, longitudinal ribs fine; loculi 6–8, one to three in the middle larger, not reaching ends of cell. Length, 30–40μ.

Distribution. Australia. Very common in brackish water of South Coast estuaries in New South Wales. New Zealand: Lake Ellesmere.

120. Mastogloia rostrata (Wall) Hust (Pl. 54, Fig. 127).

• Hust. 1933, 572, 1007.

• Stigmaphora rostrata. Wall 1860, 43, 2, 5, 6.

Valves linear-lanceolate with long; slightly tapering, pointed ends; margins convex in the middle and halfway to ends; raphe straight, areas very narrow; two median loculi on each side, triae faint. Length, 80–90°

Distribution. Planktonic Willis I. Arafura, Coral and Northern Tasman Seas, Indian Ocean.

121. Mastogloia vasta Hust. (Pl. 53, Fig. 128).

Hust. 1933–37, 552, 984.

Valves linear-elliptic with broadly rounded ends; raphe straight; axial area very narrow; central area quadrate with longitudinal extensions forming an H, transapical striae radial; longitudinal striae straight; parallel, loculi about 10, large, rectangular, not reaching ends of cell .Length, 30μ.

Distribution. Australia: Hawkesbury River.

Genus Amphiprora Ehr. 1843.

122. Amphiprora striolata. Grun (Pl. 55, Fig. 170).

Grun. in Cl. & Grun. 1880, 62, 4, 81.

Family Cymbellaceae

Distribution. Australia: Botany Bay. New Zealand: Oamaru (Gr. & St. 1887).

136. Amphora ovalis Kütz (Pl. 54, Fig. 143).

• Kütz 1844, 107.

• A. S. 1875, 26, 106–111.

• Boyer 1916, 15, 7; 1927, 254.

Frustules elliptical, broad, truncate; usually no intercalary bands; valves lunate with arcuate dorsal and slightly concave ventral margins; raphe biarcuate; striae evident on both sides of raphe, interrupted but not forming regular longitudinal lines; close to A. proteus and A. libyca. Length, 20–50μ.

Distribution. Australia: Botany Bay.

137. Amphora terroris Ehr. (Pl. 54, Fig. 144).

• Ehr. 1853, 526.

• A. S. 1875, 25, 17–19, 32–34.

• Petit 1877, 19.

• Boyer 1927, 262.

• A. cymbifera Greg. 1857, 526.

Frustules elliptical, ends produced, truncate; girdle with intercalary bands; valves with arcuate dorsal, concave ventral margins, capitate raphe straight, near ventral margin; striae indistinctly punctate. Length, 50–60μ.

Distribution. New Zealand: Wellington, Lake Ellesmere, Lyall Bay (Petit 1877).

138. Amphora weissflogii A. S. (Pl. 54, Fig. 145.)

• A. S. 1875, 25, 58

• Boyer 1927, 259.

Frustules rectangular, indented in the middle, border narrow, hyaline; girdle with 4 divisions; valves with arcuate dorsal margin slightly indented in centre ventral margin slightly gibbous; ends of valve rostrate-capitate slightly retrorse; central nodule expanded into a stauros expanding towards ventral margin, raphe on ventral margin; striae transverse. Length, 70°.

Distribution. Australia: Bate Bay, at 200 m, Botany Bay (muds).

139. Amphora ostrearia var. vitrea Cl. (Pl. 54, Fig. 146.).

• Cl. 1895, 129, 4, 5, 6.

• A. S. 1875, 26, 16, 25.

• Boyer 1927, 265.

Striae coarsely punctate Pl 54, Fig. 54 replaces Pl 7, Fig. 7. in Part II, which is probably the same species as is represented in A. S. 1875, 27, 59.

140. Amphora turgida Greg (Pl. 54, Fig. 147.).

• Greg. 1857, 510, 63.

• Cl.-Eul. 1953b, 100, 691.

Frustule nearly orbicular, with short, square, produced apices; valves nearly semicircular with straight or concave ventral margin and capitate apices; nodule conspicuous; raphe close to ventral margin; striae radiate. Length, 30°.

Distribution. New Zealand: Lake Ellesmere.

141. Amphora sp. (Pl. 54, Fig. 148).

Valves with arcuate dorsal, straight ventral margins; raphe biarcuate, touching ventral margin at centre, striae evident, fine and even, punctate on each side of raphe. Length, 100°

Distribution. Australia: Port Hacking.

Genus Epithemia Breb. 1838.

142. Epithemia gibberula (Ehr). Kutz. (Pl. 54, Fig. 149).

• Kutz. 1844, 35.

• Boyer 1927, 490.

• Eunotia gibberula Ehr. 1843, 125.

• Rhopalodia gibberula O.M. in A. S. 1905, 253, 23–36.

Frustule elliptic-lanceolate; valves lunate, ends may be rostrate, very variable; costae distant, with intermediate rows of fine puncta. Length, 30–70μ.

Distribution. New Zealand: Wellington, Lake Ellesmere.

143. Epithemia turgida (Ehr.) Kütz (Pl. 54, Fig. 150).

• Kütz. 1844, 34.

• Boyer 1916, 31, 14; 1927, 488.

• Eunotia turgida Ehr. 1838, 190.

Frustule slightly inflated in girdle view, arcuate in valve view, with ends slightly capitate or sub-capitate; costae radiate, alternating with double rows of puncta. Length, 40–120μ.

Distribution. Australia: Lake Macquarie, in fish stomachs.

144. Epithemia sorex Kütz. (Pl. 54, Fig. 151).

• Kütz. 1844, 33.

• Boyer 1927, 489.

Frustule inflated in the middle with capitate ends; valves strongly arcuate on dorsal, slightly concave on ventral side; costae separated by 2 rows of areolae. Length, 45μ.

Distribution. Fresh and brackish water. New Zealand: Wellington.

Genus Rhopalodia O. Müller 1895.

145. Rhopalodia musculus (Kütz.) O. M. (Pl. 54, Fig. 152).

• O. M. 1895, 278.

• Epithemia musculus Kütz. 1844, 33, 30, 6.

• Petit 1877, 20.

• Boyer 1927, 490.

Frustules elliptical with acute, slightly truncate ends; costae well marked, alternating with rows of finely punctate striae. Length 40–50μ

Distribution. New Zealand: Lake Ellesmere, Lyall Bay. (Petit 1877).

• var constricta Breb. (Pl 54, Fig. 153).

• E. constricta Breb. in W. Sm. 1853. Valves slightly constricted in the middle.

Distribution. Australia Lake Macquarie, in fish stomachs. New Zealand: Lyall Bay. (Petit 1877).

Genus Cymbella Ag. 1830

146. Cymbella cesatii (Rab.) Grun. (Pl. 54, Fig. 154).

• Grun. in A. S. 1881, 71.

• Navicula cesatu Rab. 1853, 39.

Valves narrow, lanceolate, nearly symmetrical, with subacute ends; raphe nearly central, with terminal nodules distant from ends; axial area narrow, central area rounded; striae punctate closer at ends. Length, 50μ.

Distribution. Australia: Lake Dobson.

147. Cymbella cistula (Hempr.) vH. 1885, 64.

• Boyer 1927, 280.

• Cocconema cistula Hempr. in Ehr. 1838, 224.

Valves arcuate with gibbous ventral margin and rounded or subtruncate ends; terminal fissures reflexed; axial area linear, dilated in middle on dorsal side; striate. Length, 120μ.

• var maculata (Kütz) A. S. (Pl. 54, Fig. 155).

• A. S. 1875, 10, 6.

• C maculata Kutz 1844.

• Valves broader than in type; no puncta below central nodule.

Distribution. Fresh to brackish water. Australia: Lake Conjola.

148. Cymbella ehrenbergii Kütz. (Pl. 54, Fig. 156)

• Kütz 1844, 79.

• Boyer 1927, 275.

Valves lanceolate with sub-rostrate ends, asymmetrical; ventral margin nearly straight; raphe excentric; axial area narrow; central area widened; surface coarsely and radially punctate. Length, 100μ.

Distribution. Fresh water. Australia: Lake Dobson. (Australia,Østrup 1910). New Zealand: Lake Ellesmere, Wainui-o-mata.

149. Cymbella heteropleura (Ehr.) Kütz. (Pl. 54, Fig. 157).

• Kutz. 1844, 79.

• Boyer 1927, 278.

• Pinnularia heteropleura Ehr. 1843, 133.

Valves nearly symmetrical, lanceolate, with rostrate, produced ends, raphe nearly straight; axial area linear, widened in the middle; striae radiate, punctate. Length, 120μ.

Distribution. Australia: Lake Dobson.

150. Cymbella lanceolata (Ehr.) Brun (Pl. 54, Fig. 158)

• Brun. 1880, 57.

• Boyer 1927, 279.

• Cocconema lanceolatum Ehr. 1838, 224.

Valves cymbiform, with slightly gibbous ventral margin and broad, obtuse or truncate ends, raphe slightly arcuate; axial area very narrow, scarcely widened in the middle; terminal nodules reflexed; surface striate. Length, 120μ

Distribution. Australia: Lake Conjola, Lake Dobson, Kew reservoir, Melbourne (Hardy 1910).

151. Cymbella parva (W. Sm.) Cl.

• Cl. 1894, 172.

• Boyer 1927, 281.

• Cocconema parva W. Sm. 1853, 76.

Valves semi-lanceolate with tapering or slightly produced ends; ventral margin slightly tumid; axial area narrow; central area small: striae coarse. Length, 30–50μ.

• var hungarica (Grun.) (Pl. 54, Fig. 159).

• C. hungarica Grun. in A. S. 1875, 38, 10, 16, 17, 71; 37, 38.

• Pant. 1904, 22, 2, 24, 25.

Ends tapering, raphe bent at ends and middle; 2 puncta in central area.

Distribution. Australia: Nepean River. New Zealand: Manakau Harbour.

Genus Gomphonema Ag. 1824.

152. Gomphonema berggrenii Cl. (Pl. 54, Fig. 160).

• Cl. 1894, 185, 5, 7.

• A. S. 1902, 240, 26, 29.

Frustule in valve view cuneate, tapering to narrow obtuse base and also to capitate apex from half way between it and central nodule; stigma present; central area widened to one side; axial area narrow; raphe curved, striae punctate, broad, parallel to transverse axis to slightly radiate. Length, 40–50μ.

Distribution. Australia: Lake Dobson. New Zealand: Wellington, Wainuio-mata, Karawara, Pokaraka, Akawa, Waitangi and Rotorua (A. S., 1902, 240, 26–29). Type locations, Waitangi, Rotorua.

153. Gomphonema constrictum Ehr.

Ehr. 1830, 163.

Valves clavate, broad at subtruncate apex and more or less constricted or with sides parallel, gibbous in the middle, narrow end acute; axial area narrow; central area more or less unilateral, with 1 stigma. Length 30–50μ.

Distribution. New Zealand: Wellington water supply.

• var capitata (Pl. 54. Fig. 161 a, b)

• as G. capitata Ehr. 1833 by Ehr. 1869 from New Zealand.

Distribution. Australia: Botany swamps.

154. Gomphonema gracile Ehr. (Pl. 54, Fig. 162).

• Ehr. 1854, 16. A. S. 1902, 236, 16.

• Boyer 1927, 296.

Valves rhomboid-lanceolate, apex and base subacute; central area narrow; transverse; terminal nodules somewhat distant from ends; striae slightly radiate. Length, 30–50μ.

Distribution. Australia: Lake Dobson, also in Østrup, 1910.

155. Gomphonema acuminatum f. coronata (Ehr.) Rab. (Pl. 54, Fig. 163)

• Rab. 1864, 290.

• G. coronatum Ehr. 1854, 6, 1, 33.

Valves twice constricted with broad cuneate and apiculate apex.

Distribution. Australia: (in Ralfs 1861). New Zealand: Wainui-o-mata, in reservoir.

156. Gomphonema parvulum (Kütz.) vH. (Pl. 54, Fig. 164).

• v H. 1880, 125.

• Sphenella parvulum Kütz. 1844, 83.

Valves clavate to cuneate-lanceolate; apex sub-rostrate, acute; base produced to sub-capitate; central area very small, unilateral, one stigma. Length, 30μ.

Distribution. Australia: Botany swamps, Lake Dobson.

Genus Gomphoneis Cleve 1894.

Valves elongate, asymmetrical to transverse axis, axial area narrow; central area rounded, stigma present; radiating costae alternate with double rows of fine puncta; indistinct longitudinal line near border; this and the alternating costae and puncta distinguish this genus from Gomphonema.

157. Gomphoneis mamilla (Ehr.) Cl. (Pl. 54, Fig. 165)

• Cl. 1894, 26, 73.

• Boyer. 1927, 299.

• Gomphonema mamilla Ehr. 1854, 37.

Valves lanceolate with narrow apex and rounded base; axial area linear; raphe oblique; central area slightly dilated; stigmas 1–4; costae alternating with double rows of puncta.

Distribution. Australia: Botany Bay. New Zealand: Dunedin.

Genus Caloneis Cleve 1894

Valves more or less convex, linear to linear-lanceolate, sometimes panduriform or constricted, with transverse, smooth or finely punctate striae crossed by one or more longitudinal lines which represent a division between the plane of the central portion of the valve and the outer or convex part; this may be indistinct or broad and obvious.

158. Caloneis amphisbaena (Bory) Cl.

• Cl. 1894, 26, 58.

• Boyer 1927, 314.

• Navicula amphisbaena Bory 1824.

Valves elliptical with rostrate-capitate ends; area broad, rhombic-lanceolate; striae radiate; raphe median. Length, 70μ.

Distribution. New Zealand (Ehr. 1869).

var. subsalina (Donk.) Cl. (Pl. 54, Fig. 166).

• Cl. 1894, 26, 58.

• A. S. 1911, 270, 30, 31.

• Navicula subsalina Donk. 1871, 24, 4, 2. Valves with rostrate-apiculate ends.

Distribution. Australia: Port Hacking.

159. Caloneis excentrica (Grun.) Boyer (Pl. 55, Fig. 167)

• Boyer 1927, 312.

• Navicula excentrica Grun. 1860, 10, 545.

• C. liber v. excentrica (Grun.) Cl. 1894, 26, 55.

Valves linear with rounded ends; raphe excentric; central area usually unilateral, longitudinal lines double; striae fine. Length, 120μ.

Distribution. Australia: Lake Macquarie. New Zealand: Lyall Bay (Petit 1877).

160. Caloneis liber (W. Sm.) Cl. (Pl 55, Fig. 168)

• Cl. 1894, 26, 54.

• A. S. 1881, 50, 16–40.

• Boyer 1927, 310.

• Navicula liber W. Sm. 1863, 48.

Family Bacillariaceae

Suborder Surirellineae
Family Surirellaceae

Frustule in valve view elliptic-lanceolate, striae faintly marked; central area elliptic-lanceolate; central line present slightly more than half valve length. Length, 80μ.

Distribution. Australia (by Weissflog in A.S.). New Zealand: Wellington.

183. Surirella moelleriana Grun. (Pl. 55, Fig. 194).

• Grun. in A.S. 1876, 23, 36; 56, 21, 22.

• Boyer 1927, 539.

Valves broadly linear with cuneate ends, apices blunt; valve surface costate, costae more evident near central line than near margin. Length, 45μ.

Distribution. Australia: Bate Bay, at 200 m.

184. Surirella rattrayi A.S. (Pl. 55, Fig. 195).

• A.S. 1875, 23.

• Boyer 1927, 543.

Valves linear, slightly constricted in the middle, ends rounded or subcuneate; costae short or indistinctly extending to median line. Length, 120μ.

Distribution. Australia: Lake Dobson.

185. Surirella robusta Ehr. (Pl. 55, Fig. 196).

• Ehr. 1840, 215.

• A.S. 1875, 22, 3, 4.

• Boyer 1927, 537.

Frustule clavate in girdle view, ovate in valve view; central area large, costae just over ½ width of cell.

Distribution. Australia: Kew, Victoria (Hardy, 1910). New Zealand: Wellington.

186. Surirella striatula Turpin (Pl. 56, Fig. 197).

• Turp 1828, 508.

• A. S. 1875, 24, 18–22.

• Boyer 1928, 539.

Frustules cuneate; valves broadly ovate-cuneate, ends rounded; costae few, fine, marginal alae robust; central space linear to lanceolate, variable in distinctness of costae and in central space. Length, 40μ.

Distribution. Australia: Gippsland Lakes. New Zealand: Lake Ellesmere.

187. Surirella tenera var. splendidula A. S. (Pl 56, Fig. 198).

• A. S. 1876, 23, 4–6.

Valves more ovate than in type; costae more strongly marked; in our form the median line is undulate.

Distribution. Australia: Lake Dobson.

Genus Stenopterobia Breb. 1867.

Frustule linear, straight; valve linear to sigmoid; marginal keel alate; longitudinal area present. This genus has frequently been included as a subgenus of Surirella.

188. Stenopterobia intermedia (Lewis) Hust. (Pl. 56, Fig. 199).

• Hust in A.S. 1912, 284.

• Surirella intermedia Lewis 1863, 338.

• Nitzschia sigmatella Greg. 1858, 38, 4, 2.

Cells solitary; frustules linear, in girdle view straight or slightly sigmoid, widened at the truncate ends; valves linear, sigmoid towards ends, tapering to subacute; costae inconspicuous, reaching the narrow central space, striae distinct. Length, up to 200μ.

Distribution. Australia: Inside Great Barrier Reef, Lake Macquarie, Port Hacking, Lake Dobson. New Zealand. Wellington Harbour, Lyall Bay (Petit 1877).

Genus Podocystis Kütz 1844.

Frustules cuneate, similar to those of Surirella but attached to algae by short stipes; valves obvate; surface costate, costae alternating with punctate striae; the genus resembles Licmophora in valve outline and habitat.